MCQs for BMS

Unit 1 Matrices
Basic Concepts

1. Which of the following is a square matrix?

a) [1, 2, 3]

[ ]
1 2
b) 3 4
5 6

[ ]
1 2 3
c) 4 5 6
7 8 9

d) [
1 2 3
4 5 6 ]
Answer: c

2. The matrix [ 10 01] is called:

a) Zero matrix
b) Identity matrix
c) Diagonal matrix
d) Symmetric matrix
Answer: b

3. If A =[ 24 35]what is the transpose of A ( A )?

T

a) [
4 5]
2 3

b) [
5 4]
3 2

c) [
3 5]
2 4

d) [
3 2]
5 4

Answer: c

4. A matrix having only one row is called a:

 a) Column matrix
b) Row matrix
c) Square matrix
d) Rectangular matrix
Answer: b

5. The determinant of matrix [ ac bd ] is:

a) ad + bc
b) ab + cd
c) ad - bc
d) ac - bd
Answer: c

Matrix Operations

6. If A = [ 13 24]and B =[ 57 68], then A + B is:

a) [ 106 128 ]
b) [
14 16 ]
6 8

c) [
7 15 ]
3 11

d) [
6 8]
10 12

Answer: a

7. For matrices A and B, if A * B is defined, which of the following is true?

a) Number of columns in A = Number of rows in B

b) Number of rows in A = Number of columns in B
c) Number of rows in A = Number of rows in B
d) Number of columns in A = Number of columns in B
Answer: a

8. If A = [ 21 03]and B = [ 10 21]then A * B is:

a) [
1 5]
2 4

b) [
1 3]
2 4
 c) [ ]2
4
1
5
d) [ ]2 2
3 5

Answer: a

9. If A = [ 13 24]what is 2A?
a) [
6 8]
2 4

b) [
3 4]
2 4

c) [
3 8]
1 2

d) [
4 8]
1 3

Answer: a

10. If A =[ 13 24]and B = [ 10 01]what is A * B?

a) [
0 1]
1 0

b) [
3 4]
1 2

c) [
3 0]
1 2

d) [
3 4]
0 2

Answer: a

Special Matrices

11. A matrix with all elements zero is called:

a) Identity matrix
b) Diagonal matrix
c) Zero matrix
d) Symmetric matrix
Answer: c

12. Which of the following is a diagonal matrix?

 a) [
1 2
3 4 ]
b) [
1 0
0 2 ]
c) [
1 1
1 1 ]
d) [
0 1
0 2 ]
Answer: b

13. In a symmetric matrix, which of the following is true?

a) a ij= -a ij
b) a ij= a ij
c) a ij= 0
d) a ij= 1
Answer: b

14. In a skew symmetric matrix, which of the following is true?

a) a ij= -a ij
b) a ij= a ij
c) a ij= 0
d) a ij= 1
Answer: a

15. An orthogonal matrix is defined as a matrix whose:

a) Transpose is equal to its inverse

b) Determinant is zero
c) All elements are zero
d) All elements are one
Answer: a

16. The matrix [ 20 −10 ] is:

a) Diagonal
b) Identity
c) Zero
d) Symmetric
Answer: a

Determinants and Inverses

16. The inverse of a matrix A is denoted by:

 a) AT
b) A−1
c) A'
d) A*
Answer: b

17. If the determinant of a matrix is zero, the matrix is:

a) Invertible
b) Singular
c) Non-singular
d) Orthogonal
Answer: b

18. If A = [ 25 13]then the determinant of A is:

a) 7
b) 1
c) -1
d) -7
Answer: a

19. For a 2x2 matrix A = [ ac bd ], its inverse A −1

is:

a) (1/det(A)) * [ ]
d −b
−c a
b) (1/det(A)) * [ ]
a c
b d
c) (1/det(A)) * [ ]
−d b
c −a
d) (1/det(A)) * [ ]
−a −b
−c −d
Answer: a

20. If A = [ 13 24] ,what is the determinant of A?

a) 1
b) 2
c) -2
d) 0
Answer: c

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

21. An eigenvalue of a matrix A is a scalar λ such that:

 a) A * x = λ * x for some vector x
b) A * x = x / λ for some vector x
c) A * x = λ / x for some vector x
d) A * x = λ + x for some vector x
Answer: a

22. If λ is an eigenvalue of A, then λ^2 is an eigenvalue of:

a) A2
b) A−1
c) A + I
d) A * A−1
Answer: a

23. If A = [ 20 03], the eigenvalues are:

a) 2 and 3
b) 3 and 3
c) 0 and 2
d) 1 and 2
Answer: a

24. The eigenvalues of an identity matrix are:

a) 1
b) 0
c) -1
d) Any real number
Answer: a

25. The sum of the eigenvalues of a matrix is equal to:

a) The trace of the matrix

b) The determinant of the matrix
c) The rank of the matrix
d) The inverse of the matrix
Answer: a

Applications and Properties

26. If A is a 2x2 matrix, then the characteristic equation of A is:

a) det(A - λI) = 0
b) det(A + λI) = 0
c) det(A - I) = 0
 d) det(A + I) = 0
Answer: a

27. Which of the following properties holds for matrix multiplication?

a) Commutative
b) Associative
c) Distributive
d) Both b and c
Answer: d

28. The rank of a matrix is defined as:

a) The number of rows in the matrix

b) The number of columns in the matrix
c) The number of non-zero rows in the row-echelon form of the matrix
d) The number of non-zero elements in the matrix
Answer: c

29. A matrix is said to be invertible if and only if:

a) Its determinant is zero

b) It is a square matrix
c) It has a non-zero determinant
d) It is a diagonal matrix
Answer: c

30. If A is a 3x3 matrix, the adjoint of A is:

a) The matrix of cofactors of A

b) The transpose of the matrix of cofactors of A
c) The inverse of the matrix of cofactors of A
d) The determinant of the matrix of cofactors of A
Answer: b

Advanced Topics

31. The Frobenius norm of a matrix A is defined as:

a) The sum of the squares of all the elements of A

b) The sum of the absolute values of all the elements of A
c) The square root of the sum of the squares of all the elements of A
d) The maximum absolute row sum of A
Answer: c

32. A Hermitian matrix is one that is equal to:

a) Its inverse
b) Its transpose
c) Its conjugate transpose
 d) Its negative
Answer: c

33. The trace of a matrix A is:

a) The sum of all its elements

b) The product of its diagonal elements
c) The sum of its diagonal elements
d) The determinant of A
Answer: c

34. A matrix is said to be positive definite if:

a) All its eigenvalues are positive

b) All its diagonal elements are positive
c) Its determinant is positive
d) All its elements are positive
Answer: a

Miscellaneous

35.A skew-symmetric matrix is one that is equal to:

a) Its transpose
b) The negative of its transpose
c) Its inverse
d) The negative of its inverse
Answer: b

36. The determinant of a triangular matrix is:

a) The sum of its diagonal elements

b) The product of its diagonal elements
c) Zero
d) One
Answer: b

37. Which of the following is not a property of determinants?

a) det(AB) = det(A) * det(B)

b) det(A^T) = det(A)
c) det(kA) = k * det(A)
d) det(A + B) ≠ det(A) + det(B)
Answer: c

38. The eigenvalues of a triangular matrix are:

a) The diagonal elements of the matrix

b) The trace of the matrix
c) The determinant of the matrix
 d) The rank of the matrix
Answer: a

39. If A and B are orthogonal matrices, then AB is:

a) Symmetric
b) Skew-symmetric
c) Orthogonal
d) Diagonal
Answer: c

40. A matrix with all elements zero is called:

a) Identity matrix
b) Diagonal matrix
c) Zero matrix
d) Symmetric matrix
Answer: c

Matrix Operations:

3. If A= [ 21 03]and B= [ 10 21] ,then A⋅B is:

a) [ 21 ]
4
5
b) [ ]
2 4
1 3
c) [ ]
2 1
4 5
d) [ ]
2 2
3 5

Answer: a

4. For matrices A and B, if A⋅B is defined, which of the following is true?

a) Number of columns in A = Number of rows in B

b) Number of rows in A = Number of columns in B
c) Number of rows in A = Number of rows in B
d) Number of columns in A = Number of columns in B

Answer: a

Determinants and Inverses:

 6. If A= [ ]
2 1
5 3
what is the determinant of A?
a) 7
b) 1
c) -1
d) -7

Answer: a

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors:

9. An eigenvalue of a matrix A is a scalar λ such that:

a) A⋅x=λ⋅x
b) A⋅x=x/λ
c) A⋅x=λ/x
d) A⋅x=λ+x

Answer: a

10. If λ is an eigenvalue of A, then λ 2is an eigenvalue of:

a) A2
b) A−1
c) A +I
d) A⋅ A−1

Answer: a

11. The eigenvalues of an identity matrix are:

a) 1
b) 0
c) -1
d) Any real number

Answer: a

Applications and Properties:

14. The rank of a matrix is defined as:

a) The number of rows in the matrix
b) The number of columns in the matrix
c) The number of non-zero rows in the row-echelon form of the matrix
d) The number of non-zero elements in the matrix

Answer: c

15. A matrix is said to be invertible if and only if:

a) Its determinant is zero
b) It is a square matrix
c) It has a non-zero determinant
 d) It is a diagonal matrix

Answer: c

16. If A is a 3x3 matrix, the adjoint of A is:

a) The matrix of cofactors of A
b) The transpose of the matrix of cofactors of A
c) The inverse of the matrix of cofactors of A
d) The determinant of the matrix of cofactors of A

Answer: b

Miscellaneous:

14. The determinant of a triangular matrix is:

a) The sum of its diagonal elements
b) The product of its diagonal elements
c) Zero
d) One

Answer: b

15. The eigenvalues of a triangular matrix are:

a) The diagonal elements of the matrix
b) The trace of the matrix
c) The determinant of the matrix
d) The rank of the matrix

Answer: a

16. If A and B are orthogonal matrices, then AB is:

a) Symmetric
b) Skew-symmetric
c) Orthogonal
d) Diagonal

Answer: c

Problems:

Small Mark Problems

1. Problem: If A = [ 25 13]and B = [ 10 01] ,compute A + B.

 o Solution: A + B = [[2+1, 1+0], [5+0, 3+1]] = [[3, 1], [5, 4]]

2. Problem: If A = [ 13 24]and B = [ 21 03], compute A * B.

Solution: A * B = [ ] =[
10 12 ]
1 ×2+2 ×1 1 ×0+2 ×3 4 6
o
3× 2+4 ×1 3 × 0+4 × 3

3. Problem: Find the determinant of A = [ 23 14]

o Solution: det(A) = 24 - 13 = 8 - 3 = 5

4. Problem: Determine if A =[ 85 59]is symmetric.

Solution: A = [
5 9]
T 8 5 T
o . Since A = A , A is symmetric.

[ ]
1 4 7
5. Problem: Find the transpose of A = 2 5 8
3 6 9

[ ]
1 2 3
T
o Solution: A = 4 5 6
7 8 9

6. Problem: Compute 2A for A = [ 13 24]

o Solution: 2A = [ 2× 1
2× 3 2 × 4] [ 6 8 ]
2× 2
=
2 4

7. Problem: If A = [ 32 57 ] ,compute the inverse of A.

o Solution: det(A) = 3*7 – 5*2 = 21 - 10 = 11.
o −1
A = (1/11) * −2 3[
7 −5
]
 8. Problem: If A = [ ]
1 2
3 4
compute the rank of A.
o Solution: The rank of A is 2 since there are 2 non-zero rows in the row-
echelon form.

9. Problem: If A = [ 21 43] ,find the eigenvalues of A.

o Solution: The eigenvalues are 5 and 0.

10. Problem: Find adjoint of the matrix A = [ 42 13]

o Solution: adj(A) = [ 32 −14 ]

11. Problem: If A = [ 01 −10 ], prove that A is an orthogonal matrix.

o Solution: AT = [[0, 1], [-1, 0]] and A−1 = [[0, 1], [-1, 0]]. Since AT = A−1
o A is orthogonal.
12. Properties of Matrix Addition
13. Properties of Matrix Subtraction
14. Properties of Matrix Multiplication
15. Properties of Matrix Scalar multiplication

Big Mark Problems

[ ]
1 2 3
1. Problem: If A = 4 5 6 , compute A * AT .
7 8 9

[ ]
14 32 50
T
o Solution: A * A = 32 77 122
50 122 194

[ ]
2 3 1
2. Problem: Find the determinant of A = 4 5 6 .
7 8 9
o Solution: det(A) = 2*(5*9 – 6*8) - 3*(4*9 – 6*7) + 1*(4*8 – 5*7) = -3
3. Problem: Show that the matrix A =
4 1
2 3 [ ]
,is invertible and find its inverse.
o Solution: det(A) = 4*3 – 1*2 = 10.
o −1 3 −1
A = (1/10) * 2 4 [ ]

[ ]
1 2 1
4. Problem: If A = 0 1 0 ,compute the eigenvalues of A.
2 3 4
o Solution: The eigenvalues are 5, 1, and -1.

5. Problem: If A = [ 20 03], find A −1

and verify A A−1 = I.

[ ]
1
0
−1 2
o Solution: A =
1
0
3

o A A−1= [ 10 01]= I.

6. Problem: If A = [ 11 11] ,compute A . 2

Solution: A .= A * A = [
2 2]
2 2 2
o

7. Problem: If A = [ 32 41], find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A.

o Solution: Eigenvalues are 5 and -1. Eigenvectors are [ 11 ]and [ 4 2 ]

8. Problem: If A = [ 21 12]find the trace and determinant of A.

o Solution: Trace(A) = 4, det(A) = 3.
 [ ]
1 2 3
9. Problem: If A = 0 1 4 find A−1.
5 6 0

[ ]
−24 18 5
−1
o Solution: A = 20 −5 −4
−5 4 1

10. Explain the properties of Determinant of Matrix

o Solution: in PPT

11. Problem: Solve the following system of equations using Cramer’s rule:
o 2x – y = 5 , x + y = 4
o Solution: x=3 , y=1

[ ] [ ]
1 2 3 1 2 1
12. Problem : If A = 0 1 4 and B = 0 1 0 Calculate C = B/A
5 6 0 2 3 4

[ ]
−24 18 5
−1
o Solution : Calculate A = 20 −5 −4 and perform Matrix
−5 4 1
−1
Multiplication with B (i.e C = B* A )

13. Problem: Consider the following system of linear equations in three variables and it
using Matrix Inverse

2x – y + 3z = 9 , x – 3y – 2z = 0 , 3x + 2y – z = -1

o Solution: set of given system of linear equations is x = 1, y = -1 and z = 2