UNIT-2

PARTS OF THE SHIP

Ship Particulars refer to a detailed document or set of data that provides essential information about a ship's
characteristics, specifications, and capabilities. This document is crucial for various maritime operations and
regulatory compliance. Pilots, port authorities, and shipmasters use ship particulars to understand a ship's size,
capabilities, and handling characteristics, which is crucial for safe navigation and docking. Also, authorities use
ship particulars to ensure compliance with international and national regulations, such as load line restrictions
and safety standards.

In this unit we will learn the terms related with ship particular and parts of a ship.

Main Parts

Hull: The main body of the ship that

provides buoyancy and supports the
deck and superstructure.
(Tekne)

Keel: The central structural base

running along the bottom of the ship
from bow to stern, providing stability
and balance.
(Omurga)

Bow: The front part of the ship that cuts

through the water as the vessel moves
forward.
(Pruva)

Stem: The stem is the most forward

part of a boat or ship's bow and is an
extension of the keel itself.
(Bodoslama)

1
Stern: The rear part of the ship,
opposite the bow.
(Pupa)

Deck: A flat surface covering a hull that forms the floors of the ship, with multiple decks stacked vertically in
larger vessels. (Güverte)

Accommodation: The part of the ship

which is used for cabins, dining areas
and other crew facilities. SOLAS defines
accommodation spaces as spaces used
for public spaces, corridors, lavatories,
cabins, offices, hospitals, cinemas,
games and hobby rooms, barber shops,
pantries containing no cooking
appliances and similar spaces.
(Yaşam mahalli)

Waterline: The line on the hull that

marks the level at which a ship floats in
the water when fully loaded.
(Su hattı / Su kesimi)

2
Bridge: The area from where the ship is
navigated and controlled, usually
located on the upper deck.
(Köprüüstü)

Funnel: The smokestack or chimney on

a ship that vents exhaust gases from the
engine room.
(Baca)

Mast: A tall, vertical structure on the

ship that supports sails (in sailing ships),
antennas, radar, and other equipment.
(Direk)

Superstructure: The parts of the ship

that extend above the main deck,
including the bridge, cabins, and other
structures.
(Üst yapı)

Rudder: A flat, movable structure at the

stern used for steering the ship by
changing the direction of water flow.
(Dümen)

3
Propeller: A rotating device with blades
that drives the ship forward or
backward through the water.
(Pervane)

Bulwark: The extension of the ship's

sides above the deck level, providing
protection from the sea.
(Parampet, Perde)

Forecastle (Focsle)
The forward part of the upper deck,
traditionally used for cargo storage.
(Başüstü – Baş kasara)

Bilge: The lowest compartment inside

the hull where water collects and is
pumped out.
(Sintine)

4
Hatch: An opening in the deck with a
watertight cover, providing access to
the cargo hold or other compartments.
(Menfez, açıklık)
Hatch cover (Ambar ağzı)

Ballast Tank: Compartments within the

ship that hold water to improve stability
and control the ship's draft.
(Balast tankı, safra tankı)

Scupper: An opening in the ship's side

or deck, allowing water to drain
overboard.
(Frengi deliği)

Anchor: A heavy device, usually made

of metal, used to moor the ship to the
seabed to prevent drifting.
(Demir)

5
Capstan: A rotating machine used to
wind in ropes, cables, or hawsers on a
ship, often used for anchoring.
(Dik ırgat, bocurgat)

Windlass: A horizontal winch used for

hoisting the anchor and associated
chain or cable.
(Irgat)

Fairlead: A device used to guide ropes

or lines on a ship to prevent chafing or
fouling.
(Kurtağzı)

6
 Bollard: A short, thick post on the deck
of a ship or a quayside, to which a ship's
rope may be secured.
(Baba)

Enclosed space: It is a space which is

not designed for continuous worker
occupancy and has either or both of the
following characteristics: limited
openings for entry and exit also
inadequate ventilation. So, it is
dangerous to enter and needs Captain
permit. Here are few samples: Ballast
tanks, Pump rooms, Peak tanks, Void
spaces, Bunker tank, Cofferdams, Fresh
water tanks, etc. (Kapalı alan)

A Day on the Ship

It was a bright morning when Chief Officer John and Able Seaman (AB) Mike started their day on the ship. The
ship was anchored at the port, and they had many tasks to complete.

Chief Officer John stood on the bridge with a clear view of the entire ship. From there, he could see the bow at
the front and the stern at the rear. The ship was large, with a strong hull that cut through the water. The mast
stood tall, holding the antennas and lights, and the funnel released a soft trail of smoke as the engine worked
below.

"Mike, let's start with the deck," Chief Officer John said. They walked together, inspecting the bulwark along the
edge, making sure it was secure. The forecastle (focsle) at the front of the ship was clear, and the poop deck at
the stern was clean and ready for the day.

Next, they checked the hatches. These openings on the deck led down to the cargo holds. "Make sure they are
closed tight," John reminded Mike, "We don't want any water getting into the bilge."

7
They moved down to the lower part of the ship, where the keel ran along the bottom. "This is the backbone of
the ship," John explained, "It keeps us stable in the water." They inspected the ballast tanks, which were filled
with water to keep the ship balanced.

In the steering gear room, they looked at the pumps which rotates the rudder. "The propeller pushes us
forward," John said, "And the rudder helps us steer." Everything was in good shape, and they were ready to sail.

As they returned to the deck, John and Mike took one last look around. The superstructure rose above the deck,
with the living quarters and the bridge on top. The ship was ready for another safe and successful journey.

"Good work, Mike," Chief Officer John said, smiling. "Let's get ready to sail."

Answer the questions below:

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which part of the ship is located at the very front?
A) Stern
B) Bow
C) Deck
D) Rudder
2. What is the main function of the rudder?
A) To provide buoyancy
B) To release exhaust gases
C) To steer the ship
D) To store ballast water
3. Where is the propeller located?
A) At the bow
B) On the mast
C) Below the stern
D) On the poop deck
4. Which part of the ship is known as the 'backbone' and runs along the bottom?
A) Hull
B) Keel
C) Bilge
D) Funnel
5. Which deck is located at the rear of the ship?
A) Forecastle (Focsle)
B) Poop Deck
C) Main Deck
D) Bridge
6. What is the purpose of the ballast tanks?
A) To store fuel
B) To balance the ship
C) To house the crew
D) To steer the ship
7. Which part of the ship releases exhaust from the engines?

8
 A) Funnel
B) Rudder
C) Propeller
D) Mast
8. Where is the superstructure located?
A) Below the deck
B) Along the keel
C) Above the main deck
D) Inside the hull
9. Which part of the ship provides a strong, watertight enclosure for the cargo holds?
A) Hatch
B) Bulwark
C) Deck
D) Bilge
10. Which part of the ship is used to secure the edge of the deck and protect against waves?
A) Hull
B) Bulwark
C) Superstructure
D) Keel
True or False:
1. The mast is used to support the ship's sails. True / False
2. The bridge is where the ship is navigated and controlled. True / False
3. The bilge is located above the deck. True / False
4. The forecastle (focsle) is typically found at the stern of the ship. True / False
5. The keel is essential for keeping the ship stable in the water. True / False

Fill in the Blanks:

1. The ___________ is the rear part of the ship, opposite the bow.
2. Water is stored in the ___________ to help balance the ship.
3. The ___________ releases exhaust gases from the engine room.
4. The ___________ is a vertical structure that supports antennas and lights on the ship.
5. The ___________ is a horizontal structure that helps steer the ship by directing water flow.
Short Answer:

1. Describe the function of the propeller on a ship.

2. What is the purpose of the hatch on a ship's deck?

3. Explain why the freeboard is an important measurement on a ship

9
 4. What is the role of the superstructure on a ship?

5. Where would you find the keel on a ship, and why is it important?

DIRECTIONS

Starboard (Sancak taraf): When looking

forward, toward the bow of a ship,
starboard refer to the right side of the ship.
Port (İskele taraf): When looking forward,
toward the bow of a ship, port refer to the
left side of the ship.

Abeam: At right angles to the centreline of

the vessel but not on board the vessel.
Abeam means a perpendicular direction
that is straight out from the middle of the
vessel on either side. (Bordada)
Astern: Toward the rear of a ship. (Kıçında,
gerisinde)
Ahead: In a forward direction or position.
(Baş tarafında, pruvasında)
Quarter: One of the two after parts of the
ship, one on each side of the centreline.
Strictly, a ship's port or starboard quarter is
on a bearing 45° from the stern, but the
term is more often rather loosely applied to
any point approximately on that
bearing. (Kıç omuzluk)
Fore: Toward the front or bow of the ship.
(Pruvaya doğru)
Aft: Toward the rear or stern of the ship.
(Pupaya doğru)
Port / Starboard bow (İskele / Sancak
başomuzluk)

10
Athwartship (Enine, bordadan bordaya):
Having a position across a vessel from side
to side at right angles to the keel.

Amidships: The central part of a ship, both

longitudinally and transversely. (Geminin
ortasında)

Leeward/side: The side away from the

wind. Opposite of windward.
(Rüzgar altı)

Windward: The side toward the wind.

Upwind or the direction from which the
wind is blowing. Opposite of leeward.
(Rüzgar üstü)

True Bearing: In navigation, bearing is the

horizontal angle between the direction of
an object and north.
(Hakiki kerteriz)

11
 Navigating the Open Seas

It was a calm morning as the crew prepared for another day on the ship. The wind was steady, and the sun was
just beginning to rise ahead of them. Standing on the bridge, Captain Sarah called out to her crew, "We need to
adjust our course to avoid the storm ahead!"

Chief Officer James was quick to respond. He looked at the compass and noted the bearing of the storm, which
was just slightly to windward. "Captain, the storm is coming from our starboard quarter. We should steer a bit
to port side to avoid it."

Able Seaman Mike was at the helm, carefully steering the ship. As he turned the wheel, he kept an eye on the
bow, making sure they were heading in the right direction. The ship slowly shifted to port side, bringing the
storm abeam. Now, the wind was coming from their windward side, but the ship remained steady.

Captain Sarah looked over the starboard side and saw the waves rising. "Make sure everything is secure on the
lee side," she instructed. Mike nodded and made sure the crew was ready in case the weather got rough.

As they sailed ahead, the storm remained astern, safely behind them. The ship moved steadily forward, with the
stern facing the receding storm. The crew remained vigilant, keeping the ship on course, and avoiding any
danger.

Later that day, the wind shifted, and the ship was now sailing with the wind from astern. Captain Sarah knew it
was a good time to make some distance. "Let's make the most of this wind," she said. "We'll adjust our course
and ordered ahead at full speed."

As the day turned to evening, the ship sailed quietly through the calm waters, the crew resting easy after a
successful day of navigating the open seas. They knew that understanding the directions and working together
was key to keeping the ship and everyone on board safe.

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which side of the ship is referred to as the left-hand side when facing the bow?
A) Starboard Side
B) Port Side
C) Abeam
D) Lee Side
2. If something is located toward the rear of the ship, which term best describes its position?
A) Ahead
B) Fore
C) Astern
D) Windward
3. What does the term "abeam" mean?
A) Directly behind the ship
B) At right angles to the centre line of the vessel
C) Toward the bow of the ship
D) In a forward direction

12
 4. Which term describes the direction toward the wind?
A) Windward
B) Leeward
C) Ahead
D) Abeam
5. Where is the "quarter" of a ship located?
A) At the stern
B) Toward the bow
C) On either side of the centre line, near the stern
D) Amidships
True or False:
1. The term "astern" refers to a position toward the front of the ship. True / False
2. "Port side" is the right-hand side of the ship when facing forward. True / False
3. "Bearing" is the horizontal angle between the direction of an object and north. True / False
4. "Windward" refers to the side of the ship that is away from the wind. True / False
5. "Ahead" describes a direction that is forward from the ship’s current position. True / False
Fill in the Blanks:
1. The ___________ side of the ship is the left side when facing forward toward the bow.
2. The direction toward the rear of the ship is called ___________.

3. A position directly at right angles to the centre line of the ship is referred to as ___________.

4. The ___________ side is the side of the ship that is away from the wind.

5. The ___________ is the horizontal angle between the direction of an object and north.
Short Answer:
1. Explain the difference between "windward" and "leeward."

2. Describe the position on the ship that the term "quarter" refers to.

3. What does "abeam" mean, and why is it important in navigation?

4. What does "astern" indicate about the direction of an object relative to the ship?

5. Why is it important for sailors to understand the meaning of "bearing"?

13
14