BATTI
WORKSHOP
2023-24
WHAT WE DO?
WHAT ALL YOU
SAW IN THE LAST
VIDEO?
Schematic Diagrams and PCB Design on Altium
WHAT ALL YOU
SAW IN THE LAST
VIDEO?
Schematic Diagrams and PCB Design on Altium
• Soldering
WHAT ALL YOU
SAW IN THE
LAST VIDEO?
WHAT ALL YOU SAW IN
THE LAST VIDEO?
TESTING-
Testing
WHAT ARE LINEAR
POTENTIOMETERS?
• A linear potentiometer is a type of position sensor.
• Linear potentiometers are often rod actuated and connected to
an internal slider or wiper carrier. The rod will be connected to a
device or object which requires measurement.
• The linear potentiometer proportionally divides an applied
regulated voltage over its operational range and provides a
proportional voltage output relevant to the position of the wiper.
• Linear potentiometers are a contacting type of sensor which
means that the moving parts make contact with each other
during use. This makes them sufficiently robust to be used
within a variety of applications.
• They can function in wide temperature ranges and offer long life,
high accuracy, repeatability and are relatively inexpensive.
WHAT ARE GATES?
• Logic Gates perform basic logical functions that are fundamental
to digital circuits.
• They work based on a combination of digital signals coming from
its inputs.
• Most logic gates have two inputs and one output, and they are
based on Boolean algebra. At any given moment, every terminal is
in one of the two binary conditions: True[1] or False[0].
• There are three fundamental logic gates: AND, OR, NOT.
WHAT ARE COMPARATORS?
• A comparator circuit compares two voltages and outputs either a 1(the voltage at the
plus side; input) or a 0 (the voltage at the negative side; reference) to indicate which is
larger.
• They are often used to check whether an input has reached some predetermined value.
• We said before that the basic op-amp comparator produces a positive or negative
voltage output by comparing its input voltage against a reference voltage.
• Generally, a resistive voltage divider is used to set the input reference voltage of a
comparator, but a battery source, zener diode or potentiometer for a variable reference
voltage can all be used.
WHAT ARE RELAYS AND WHAT
ARE OTHER OPTIONS WE CAN
USE AS VOLTAGE/CURRENT
CONTROLLED SWITCHES-
• A Relay is a simple
electromechanical switch.
• While we use normal switches
to close or open a circuit
manually, a relay uses an
electrical signal to control an
electromagnet, which in turn
connects or disconnects
another circuit.
• The Optocoupler is an electronic component which
can be used in many different applications as an
interface between low voltage digital or control
WHAT ARE RELAYS circuits and large power electronic devices.
• A LED that produces infrared light and a
AND WHAT ARE semiconductor photosensitive device that is used to
OTHER OPTIONS detect the emitted infrared beam. Both the LED and
photo-sensitive device are enclosed in a light-tight
WE CAN USE AS body or package with metal legs for the electrical
VOLTAGE/CURRENT connections as shown.
CONTROLLED
SWITCHES-
OPTOCOUPLERS
WHAT ARE RELAYS AND WHAT ARE OTHER
OPTIONS WE CAN USE AS
VOLTAGE/CURRENT CONTROLLED SWITCHES-
MOSFETS
• MOSFET stands for metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. It
is a field-effect transistor with a MOS structure.
• Typically, the MOSFET is a three-terminal device with gate (G), drain (D)
and source (S) terminals. Current conduction between drain (D) and
source (S) is controlled by a voltage applied to the gate (G) terminal.
PROBLEM STATEMENT-
1) THERE ARE MANY RULES WHICH WE HAVE TO KEEP IN MIND
WHILE DESIGNING OUR VEHICLE AND ONE OF THEM IS 0.5
SEC RULE OF THE BSPD (BRAKE SYSTEM PLAUSIBILITY DEVICE).
2) THIS BASIC RULE IN LAYMAN LANGUAGE (AT THIS LEVEL)
MEANS THAT IF THE ERROR SIGNAL PERSISTS FOR MORE
THAN 500ms THEN THE CAR SHOULD SHUT-DOWN.
3) NOW WHAT IS THIS ERROR SIGNAL-
AS WE LEARNT PREVIOUSLY THAT WE TAKE POTENTIOMETER
READINGS FROM BRAKE PEDAL AND THROTTLE PEDAL VIA
LINEAR POTENTIOMETERS AND IF THE VALUE OF VOLTAGE
WE GET FROM BOTH THE PEDALS IS GREATER THAN SOME
THRESHOLD VALUE AT THE SAME TIME FOR 500ms THEN THE
PATH WILL OPEN.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS RULE IS
DRIVER SAFETY BECAUSE IT IS IN A
PANIC SITUATION ONLY THAT THE
DRIVER WILL PRESS THE THROTTLE AND
BRAKE PEDAL TO A GREAT EXTENT,
TOGETHER.
SO, WHAT YOU HAVE TO DO??
A SIMPLE AND EASY TO USE CIRCUIT SIMULATION SOFTWARE.
OPEN
FALSTAD
NOW FOLLOW US TO
DRAW AND SIMULATE
ONE OF THE
IMPORTANT CIRCUIT IN
OUR VEHICLE.
