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Week 6, Lecture 1

The document discusses single stage cascode amplifiers, detailing their structure and advantages, such as higher gain. It explains the procedure for calculating the voltage gain and output resistance of cascode amplifiers, including the role of transconductance. Additionally, it highlights the importance of considering non-idealities in calculations and provides an example for finding output impedance.

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abhinav24162
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19 views8 pages

Week 6, Lecture 1

The document discusses single stage cascode amplifiers, detailing their structure and advantages, such as higher gain. It explains the procedure for calculating the voltage gain and output resistance of cascode amplifiers, including the role of transconductance. Additionally, it highlights the importance of considering non-idealities in calculations and provides an example for finding output impedance.

Uploaded by

abhinav24162
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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W6-L1

Analog CMOS Circuit Design

 Single Stage MOS Amplifiers


- Cascode Amplifiers

1
Single Stage Cascode Amplifiers
The cascade of a CS stage and a CG stage is called a cascode topology. It can give higher
gain.

The drain (o/p) of the CS stage


is connected to the source (i/p)
of the CG stage

“Telescopic” cascode
Cascode Current Source: (1  g m RS ) ro  RS  (1  g m ro ) RS  ro

Vb1-VTH Vb1+IDRS-VTH
nMOS current source nMOS degenerated current source
2
Single Stage Cascode Amplifiers
We are looking for a device that can degenerate the current source but shouldn’t follow
Ohm’s law

Cascode Current Source: Rout  (1  g m ro ) RS  ro

Rout  (1  g m ro1 )ro 2  ro1


 g m ro1ro 2

Cascode current source with a load = cascode amplifier

How to find out the gain of this cascode amplifier?

3
Single Stage Cascode Amplifiers
Procedure to Calculate Voltage Gain of Cascode Amplifier:

vin Linear Circuit vout

Iout
(a) + Place an ac short at the o/p port
vin Linear Circuit Measure resulting current in the circuit
-

I out
 Gm = transconductance of the circuit
Vin
Ix
(b)
Linear Circuit +- Vx Find out the output resistance
ac short all independent sources

Vout I out Vout


AV    Gm Rout
Vin Vin I out
4
Single Stage Cascode Amplifiers
(a) Transconductance of circuit:

Gm= ?
If we don’t consider
non-idealities for
(b) Output Resistance: calculating Gm

Now,
the circuit can be viewed as a common-source stage with a degeneration resistor equal to rO1
as gm2ro2>>1 and gmb2ro2>>1
|| RD Av   g m1 ( RD )
5
Single Stage Cascode Amplifiers
If we want more gain, replace that RD by a current source

||ro3 Av   g m1 (r01 g m 2 r02 || r03 )

 If non-idealities are considered for calculating Gm, then Gm= ?


Impedance seen looking into the source of M2 is equal to

Using current division:

≈gm1 We will approximate Gm≈gm1


6
Cascode MOS Amplifiers
Output Impedance of NMOS cascode amplifier with PMOS cascode load

Gm≈gm1

Rout is equal to the parallel combination of the NMOS cascode output


impedance and the PMOS cascode output impedance

7
Cascode MOS Amplifiers
Example: 1 Find Rout

H.W.

Ans:

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