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Signals Basic Operations

The document outlines basic operations on signals, focusing on two variable parameters: amplitude and time. It describes operations such as amplitude scaling, addition, subtraction, multiplication, time shifting, time scaling, and time reversal, providing examples for each. The document emphasizes the mathematical relationships involved in manipulating signal amplitudes and their timing characteristics.

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Manisha Sahni
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93 views4 pages

Signals Basic Operations

The document outlines basic operations on signals, focusing on two variable parameters: amplitude and time. It describes operations such as amplitude scaling, addition, subtraction, multiplication, time shifting, time scaling, and time reversal, providing examples for each. The document emphasizes the mathematical relationships involved in manipulating signal amplitudes and their timing characteristics.

Uploaded by

Manisha Sahni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Signals Basic Operations


There are two variable parameters in general:

Amplitude
Time

The following operation can be performed with amplitude:

Amplitude Scaling

C x(t) is a amplitude scaled version of x(t) whose amplitude is scaled by a factor C.

Addition

Addition of two signals is nothing but addition of their corresponding amplitudes. This can be best
explained by using the following example:
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As seen from the diagram above,

-10 < t < -3 amplitude of z(t) = x1(t) + x2(t) = 0 + 2 = 2


-3 < t < 3 amplitude of z(t) = x1(t) + x2(t) = 1 + 2 = 3

3 < t < 10 amplitude of z(t) = x1(t) + x2(t) = 0 + 2 = 2

Subtraction

subtraction of two signals is nothing but subtraction of their corresponding amplitudes. This can be
best explained by the following example:

As seen from the diagram above,

-10 < t < -3 amplitude of z (t) = x1(t) - x2(t) = 0 - 2 = -2

-3 < t < 3 amplitude of z (t) = x1(t) - x2(t) = 1 - 2 = -1

3 < t < 10 amplitude of z (t) = x1(t) + x2(t) = 0 - 2 = -2

Multiplication

Multiplication of two signals is nothing but multiplication of their corresponding amplitudes. This can
be best explained by the following example:
Page 3 of 4

As seen from the diagram above,

-10 < t < -3 amplitude of z (t) = x1(t) ×x2(t) = 0 ×2 = 0


-3 < t < 3 amplitude of z (t) = x1(t) ×x2(t) = 1 ×2 = 2

3 < t < 10 amplitude of z (t) = x1(t) × x2(t) = 0 × 2 = 0

The following operations can be performed with time:

Time Shifting

x(t ± t0) is time shifted version of the signal x(t).

x (t + t0) → negative shift

x (t - t0) → positive shift

Time Scaling
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x(At) is time scaled version of the signal x(t). where A is always positive.

|A| > 1 → Compression of the signal


|A| < 1 → Expansion of the signal

Note: u(at) = u(t) time scaling is not applicable for unit step function.

Time Reversal

x(-t) is the time reversal of the signal x(t).

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