Power generation on highway by using Vertical windmill and Solar System
Abstract:
In today’s modern life, the demand on electricity is greater than the production of it. One of the
biggest issues that has been realized is that natural resources are going to be finished one day and a
replacement is to be found. In order to overcome such problems, the use of renewable energy
sources is very important. Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar has gained command
over the last few decades. The output of these sources depends on the weather conditions Hence if,
there is a combination of two sources then the desirable electrical power can be produced. The
proposed hybrid power generation system uses wind and solar resources. The proposed system
focuses on use of air on highway divider with the help vertical axis wind turbine. When the vehicle
passed on the highway it produces a considerable amount of air due to its speed. This air
tangentially strikes on the blade of the vertical axis wind turbine and it makes a rotation of the
turbine in only one direction. The solar system is used to generate electrical energy. The electrical
output of vertical axis turbine and the solar system is stored in a battery. This stored energy can be
used for automatic street lighting, toll gates, etc.
INTRODUCTION
The demand for electricity is rising in modern times, and the depletion of natural resources and the
pollution caused by conventional energy sources must be addressed. Renewable energy sources, such
as wind and solar power, offer a solution to these problems. India, with its large population, has a
significant demand for electricity, and a shift towards nonconventional power generation methods
is necessary. The use of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) on highways is a cost-effective and
environmentally friendly method of power generation. A hybrid system using both wind and solar
energy sources can supplement each other in case of unavailability. The rotor turbine is designed to
rotate from traffic in both lanes, making it an efficient way to generate power on highways. The
solar panel uses the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) principle. An additional feature of this
system is street light control using light-dependent resistors (LDR) and infrared (IR) sensors.
Overall, this method is not only cost-effective but also highly efficient.
LITERATURE SURVEY
Liu, J et.al,[1], Review on the technical perspectives and commercial viability of vertical axis wind
turbines, 2019. In the context, the existing technical challenges and specific solutions in the
development of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) is presented.This paper will present a fresh
look at cutting-edge VAWTs in order to look into new opportunities and possibilities for their
commercial potential. A thorough comparison between VAWTs and HAWTs was done, with
various sections focusing on their aerodynamic performance, efficiency, power density in a wind
farm, and ability of self-starting. The goal of this review paper is to identify the future of
commercial VAWTs in the market for wind turbines, which is now dominated by traditional
HAWTs, as well as technical obstacles, design issues, and market potential. The paper will go over
the major technical obstacles that will keep VAWTs from competing with HAWTs in the
future.Also the investigation on whether VAWTs are more competitive in offshore applications or
not as a result of lessons learned from onshore turbine installations is done. Kumar.R et.al,[2]
A critical review of vertical axis wind turbines for urban applications, 2018. By doing exploratory
searches among the signals present on the internal field bus system and contrasting the observed
signal relationships across a variety of equipment that performs comparable activities, it is possible
to perform the exploratory searches. this research offers an alternative method that accumulates
knowledge over time. As vehicles of similar 6 make will have the same type of data signals flowing
in their CAN (controller area network) and data bus, they can use it as a reference to find vehicles
with errors. They used an internet module to collect signals from vehicle Controller networks and
data transmission buses and compared them with the data from other vehicles of similar make.
Tasneem.Z, et.al,[3]
An analytical review on the evaluation of wind resource and wind turbine for urban application:
prospect and challenges, Developments in the Built Environment, 2020. The goal of this review
article is to highlight the current state of technology for urban wind farms as well as its economic
and environmental implications. On the basis of recent data, thr observations and forthcoming
trends in research have been provided. Conclusion: More investigation into the wind mapping and
the appropriate building of turbine is needed in order to make the wind farm in urbans, a reliable
and workable alternative for decentralised power generation. The study concluded that VAWTs are
more preferable than HAWTs because they are more economical, environmentally friendly, and
less susceptible to turbulence and changing wind conditions. Savonius turbines are good for their
low-cost and are extremely reliable projects, whilst Darrieus turbines are suggested for fairly priced
and effective wind farm facilities. H-rotors are efficient in cities, but further research is needed
before they can be considered a distinct UWT technology. The importance of dispersed power
generators, such as urban wind farms, is underlined as a means of addressing the present energy
demand. Amjith, L. R et.al,[4]
Analytical review on Design, modeling and economic performance of a vertical axis wind turbine,
2020. The main goal of the project was to build and to model a small-scale VAWT that was used to
supply electricity for applications with minimal demand. The rotational performance of Savonius
rotor blades in two novel configurations was compared to that of the conventional straight and
curved blades. Using MATLAB simulation, a mathematical model was developed that took into
account the mechanical, electrical, tip speed ratio, and wind power coefficient. The model was
validated using measured data from the constructed turbine. The tests was conducted for the
rotational performances of four styles of Savonius rotor blade types and were examined too. In all
four designs, the straight blade is determined to be the least efficient, with the twisted blade type
showing the best performance. Belmili, H et.al,[5]
Study, design and manufacturing of hybrid vertical axis Savonius wind 7 turbine for urban
architecture, 2017. It is stated that a modest household renewable energy conversion system has
been studied, designed, and manufactured. It is based primarily on a vertical axis wind turbine with
a Savonius-rotor type that is locally produced and is outfitted with a photovoltaic panel and a
storage Battery. This method can be applied to both building integration and remote areas. This
method can be modified to ensure an uninterrupted electrical 7 supply in remote areas. The
analysis, design, and production of a residential renewable energy conversion system are presented
in this work. This system is based mostly on a locally produced Savonius rotor-type vertical axis
wind turbine. Zhang,Z et.al,[6]
Knowledge structure and research progress in wind power generation (WPG) from 2005 to 2020
using CiteSpace based scientometric analysis, 2021. The study’s conclusions about the
sustainability elements of WPG systems are briefly provided by contrasting the sustainability traits
for various sources of WPG. The goal of the work is to demonstrate the intellectual background,
current research status, and state-of-the-art knowledge structure of WPG related literature using
scientometric analysis based on CiteSpace. From the investigation following can be drawn:
According to the elements impacting it, the most popular journals for WPG-related research were
Renewable Energy, Energy, Energy Conversion and Management, Energies, and Journal of Wind
Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. Regarding the core domains, performance, design, wind
turbine, optimization, and model were the top five co-occurring terms connected to WPG listed
based on counts. China is the most significant country among others in the wind energy harvesting,
holding 29 percent of the total with 224 publications. Chougale, P. K. N et.al,[7]
Highway windmill, 2018. In this work, VAWT is used to overcome the challenge of supplying
lighting over the entire length of a highway (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine). This study sought to
develop a highly portable and environmentally friendly method of producing electricity utilising
wind energy and other renewable energy sources. By utilising the latest vertical axis turbine
approach and customising the blade design, we can create a reliable energy-generating system that
operates in and around our residential area regardless of the direction of the wind. The goal of this
essay is to lessen the effects of global warming. If the turbine’s speed rises, the alternator’s speed
rises as well, resulting in more power being produced at the output terminal. Vignesh, J et.al,[8]
Design and fabrication of vertical axis wind mill with solar system, 2020. This paper’s major goal
is to design and build a vertical axis wind mill that can function even in light winds. The best use of
wind energy was made possible by the design and construction of a windmill with a solar system
for power generation and irrigation. Padmanaban, S et.al,[9]
On The Structural Implementation of Magnetic Levitation Windmill, 2017. This article describes
the optimal structural design and performance of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) that uses
magnetic levitation technology. The additional benefits, such as spinning at low wind speed, greater
efficiency, minimal noise emission, etc. are quantified with the support of conventional VAWT.
One maglev turbine with a large capacity provides extra productivity when compared to
conventional horizontal wind turbines. Utilizing magnets 8 to spin quickly and with less friction as
it removes tension
from the turbine shaft increases the efficiency of the turbine. In comparison to traditional wind
turbines, the suggested turbine plan produces more electricity while maintaining a greater
efficiency. Prabowo, A. R et.al,[10]
Investigation on Savonius turbine technology as harvesting instrument of non-fossil energy:
Technical development and potential implementation, 2020. In this paper, the Savonius turbine
technology is evaluated as a tool for harvesting clean energy.The use of the technology in water and
open air conditions follows a succession of advances on turbine performance and technical
adjustments. Several key influencing factors are noted, including rotor design, operation depth, and
nozzle attachment. Cashman, A et.al,[11]
A review on the historical development of the lift-type vertical axis wind turbine: From onshore to
offshore floating application, 2020. The lift-type vertical axis 8 wind turbine (VAWT) and its
historical progression from the invention of it in the early 1930s are covered in this study. Because
the HAWT dominated the wind energy industry in the 1990s, this assessment emphasises how little
engineering work was done on the VAWT. However, the data also indicates that the VAWT has
entered a Renaissance era in which the offshore floating wind turbine industry is currently using it.
There have been recorded attempts to commercialise floating VAWT technology as well as the
most recent advancements in this field. Hariharan, R et.al,[12]
Design of wind turbine blade material for higher efficiency, 2020. The implementation of
efficiency through the mixing of new materials is examined in this paper.This article comes to the
conclusion that using materials like copper, aluminium, zinc, and other metals will make the blades
survive longer and allow them to revolve smoothly with the wind’s speed.It can also generate the
required amount of power, which can be easily stored and used without wasting any of the power
generated. Oguz, E et.al,[13]
A review of the optimization studies for Savonius turbine considering hydrokinetic applications,
2020. This essay aims to discuss Savonius turbine optimization studies in light of the turbine’s
potential uses in hydrokinetic energy harvesting. There is a full discussion of the studies pertaining to
each structural parameter determining the performance of the turbine. It summarises the Savonius
design optimization studies that only take the operating medium of water into account. In order to
fill the gaps in this field with regard to hydrokinetic application, researchers will be able to use the
data offered in this study as a basis to understand the Savonius turbine research that has already
been done. Mondal, T et.al,[14]
Sun Tracking Solar Panel Without Microcontroller, 2019. There are two primary categories of sun
tracking systems: single-axis solar trackers and dual-axis solar trackers. The suggested idea aims to
create a scalable sun tracking system without a microcontroller, which can be more affordable than
previous solar panel circuits from our perspective. The solar system proposed in this study can
follow the sun using two small solar panels as a reference, track the path by monitoring the
difference between the voltages of the two reference panels, and move the system’s structure using
a stepper motor. Allamehzadeh, H. et.al,[15]
An Update on Solar Energy and Sun Tracker Technology with a Dual Axis Sun Tracker
Application, 2019. This essay provides an overview of solar energy’s history as well as an update
on Sun tracker technology. The major focus of this project is the development of a sun tracker
system using four LDR sensors and electrical control circuits. To ensure the maximum power is
delivered from the solar array to a load, the MPPT algorithm is used. In order to improve the
system’s overall performance, a PID controller was added to the feedback loop. The composite
system is simulated using MATLAB software. Finally, the developed circuits are implemented in a
lab and the composite system’s overall performance is assessed.
Scope of Project
By using vertical windmills and solar systems on highways, we can tap into the renewable sources
of energy and reduce our reliance on non-renewable sources such as coal and oil. The use of
vertical windmills and solar systems on highways can provide an affordable alternative to
traditional power sources, especially in remote areas where the cost of grid connectivity is high. By
installing vertical windmills and solar systems on highways, we can create a network of microgrids
that can supply power to nearby communities and industries. The use of renewable energy sources
can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the power generation sector. The cost of electricity
generated from renewable sources has been declining steadily over the years. The integration of
vertical windmills and solar systems with smart grids can enable real-time monitoring and control
of power generation and consumption, improving grid stability and reducing the risk of blackouts.
Problem statement:
The wind forces from moving vehicles is getting useless, therefore, there exists an immense need of
a system for generating electricity from wind induced by moving vehicles. The problem rises in
designing the exact number of blades for wind turbine which is rectified by the amount of wind
speed and voltage.
EXISTING SYSTEM
In this method use the maximum amount of wind energy from vehicle running on highways. The
unused considerable amount of pressurized air used to drive the vertical axis wind. The generated
energy by VAWT and solar system are stored in a battery and this stored energy which can be used
street lighting, toll gates or in future to provide the charging node to the electrical vehicle [1].
Darrieus vertical wind turbine
The principle of Darrieus Vertical Wind Turbine operation depends on the fact that its blade
speed is a multiple of the wind speed, resulting in an apparent wind throughout the whole
revolution coming in as a head wind with only a limited variation in angle. From the prospective
blade, the rotational movement of the blade generates a head wind that combines with the actual
wind to form the apparent wind. If the angle of attack of this apparent wind on the blade is larger
than zero, the lift force has a forward component that propels the turbine. An angle of attack
between zero and 20 degrees requires a sufficiently high blade speed. A Darrieus turbine can’t
self-starting; it needs to be brought to a sufficiently high blade speed by external means.
Solar panel
A photovoltaic cell is rarely used in single set or individually, since it is unable to supply
sufficient power and voltage of electronic device requirement. Due to this reason, it needs more
set of photovoltaic cells be coupled together and to be connected parallel or in series for energy
production, in order to achieve the higher power output and voltage as possible. A typical
photovoltaic system is made of silicon photovoltaic cells and auxiliary devices which are lead-
acid batteries with a typical voltage of 12 V. This system has the capacity of producing more
than 13V during cloudy days and can charge a 12 V battery. In order to utilize the system
efficiently, it is required to understand that how does it works during various electrical loads
connected in the system.
OBJECTIVES
The main objective of project is to use the maximum amount of wind energy from vehicle
running on highways
The model of hybrid solar wind turbine in single setup and then investigate the feasibility of
the hybrid solar vertical wind turbine system, energy output and storage.
The generated energy by using Hybrid tree is stored in a battery and this energy can be used to
provide the charging node to the electrical vehicle.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system is consists of following system are,
Hybrid Tree
Automatic Electric Charging
HYBRID TREE
Savonius turbine
Savonius turbines are one of the simplest turbines. Aerodynamically, they are drag-type
devices, which is essentially two cups or half drums fixed to a central shaft in opposing
directions. Each cup or drum catches the wind and so turns the shaft, bringing the opposing
cup or drum into a flow of the wind. This cup or drum then repeats the process, so causing the
shaft to rotate further and completing a full rotation.
Principles of Savonius rotor wind turbine
Savonius turbines are one of the simplest turbines. Aerodynamically, they are drag-type
devices, consisting of two blades (vertical – half cylinders). A two blades savonius wind turbine
would look like an "S" letter shape in cross section as shown in Fig 1. The Savonius wind
turbine works due to the difference in forces exert on each blade. The lower blade (the concave
half to the wind direction) caught the air wind and forces the blade to rotate around its central
vertical shaft. Whereas, the upper blade (the convex half to wind direction) hits the blade and
causes the air wind to be deflected sideway around it.
Fig 1. Savonius Wind Turbin
The Schematic drawing showing the drag forces exert on two blade Savonius. Because of the
blades curvature, the blades experience less drag force when moving against the wind than the
blades when moving with the wind. Hence, the half cylinder with concave side facing the wind will
experience more drag force than the other cylinder, thus forcing the rotor to rotate. The
differential drag causes the Savonius turbine to spin. For this reason, Savonius turbines extract much
less of the wind's power than other similarly sized lift type turbines because much of the power that
might be captured has used up pushing the convex half, so Savonius wind turbine has a lower
efficiency.
Block Diagram
METHODOLOGY
The proposed project aims to create a system that can generate power on highways using a
combination of vertical axis turbine and solar energy. The project will be divided into three stages,
with the first stage being focused on energy generation. In this stage, the design of the vertical axis
turbine will be developed, and the optimal placement of the solar panel over the turbine will be
determined. The solar panel will operate using the concept of maximum power point tracker
(MPPT), which will ensure that it operates at its maximum efficiency. The generated power will be
used efficiently and stored onto the battery.
The second stage of the project will involve energy monitoring. The power generated by the
renewable source of energy will be monitored and uploaded to the cloud using ThingSpeak, where
the data will be stored and analyzed for a set duration. The third stage of the project will involve the
usage of the generated power for two end applications: EV charging stations and street light control.
The overall working of the project will be such that whenever the air strikes the savonious type of
vertical axis wind turbines, some amount of electricity will also be generated and stored in the
battery for further use. The solar panel will operate using LDR sensors, which will detect maximum
sunlight and then rotate the motor to the corresponding direction, producing electrical energy by
vehicle headlights during night time.
Flowchart
Fig 2 : Flowchart
Hardware Requirement
1. Arduino UNO (Atmega - 328 )
2. IR Sensor
3. LDR Sensor
4. Current Sensor
5. Switches
6. ESP8266
7. Solar PV Panel
8. Fans
9. Generator motors
10. Voltage Sensors
Software Requirement
1. Arduino IDE
2. Proteus Design Tool
Expected Output
In today's world, the focus is on creating machines that limit greenhouse gas emissions and promote
the use of renewable energy sources over non-renewable ones. Utilizing innovative ideas,
renewable energy sources can be implemented in various applications to provide clean energy
while reducing costs and minimizing environmental damage. Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
(VAWTs) are a low-cost, environmentally-friendly option that can be used for small-scale
operations and maintenance. Combining wind and solar energy on highways is an effective way to
generate continuous power, providing an alternative to depleting energy sources. Grouping turbines
on long strips of highways can produce significant amounts of energy to power street lights, rural
areas, and public places, while also allowing for potential profits from selling excess power to the
grid.
For our project, we will install vertical turbines on highways to generate electricity from wind energy
produced by passing vehicles. Additionally, solar panels will be placed to capture solar energy
during the day and energy from vehicle headlights during the night. The power generated will be
used to light up the streets at night using a smart energy conservation system that turns on the lights
only when there is vehicle movement, saving up to 50 percent of energy. LDR sensors will detect
day and night time to automatically turn the lights on and off. We will monitor power generation
and consumption using a sensor network and upload the data to the cloud using IoT technology.
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