ICT Mid-Test Reviews
o Networking
A process of exchanging information or services among individuals, groups, or
institution.
o Networks are almost used everywhere in this whole world-wide universe; without
network you can’t do any activities related to your gadgets.
o Network Devices
Network devices are the devices that have an internet access and uses network. E.g. =
1. Phone 2. Computer 3. Laptop 4. TV 5. Gaming Consol
o Types of Network Devices
1. L.A.N (Local Area Network)
A group of network devices that is close to each other and usually in the same room.
L.A.N is useful for sharing files and information to one another. The example of L.A.N
is at school, office building, etc.
2. M.A.N (Metropolitan Area Network)
The type of network that interconnects in the geographic area or region. This is
designed for cities or town, large universities, etc.
3. W.A.N (Wide Area Network)
The type of network that works in a large geographic area, such as state, province,
or even countries sometimes. W.A.N often connects L.A.N and M.A.N. The most
popular W.A.N is the internet.
o Wi-Fi (Wi = Wireless) + (Fi = Fidelity)
Wi-Fi enables networking devices to connect and communicate with a wireless
signal.
o Ethernet Cable
A type of a network cable that usually connects L.A.N. This cable carries a signal
between computers at a rate of 10 mg/s.
o Router
This device is used to connect networks together, it allows data to from one to another.
It also helps protect your device from outsiders who wanted to hack your network.
o Modem (Modulator - Demodulator)
This device is used to transmit over data over a telephone or a cable line.
o ISP (Internet Service Provider)
Refers to a company that provides Internet Access, including personal and business
access to the internet. Examples =
1. Windstream 2. AT & T 3. Timer Warner 4. Verizon
o IP (Internet Protocol)
The method where an information is sent between 2 computers on the internet. IP
address es is the backbone of networking, the IP address goes from 0 – 255.
o TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
Set of rules used along with the IP to send data in the form of message units between
computers over the internet. A protocol developed for the internet to get data from one
network device to another.
o Internet (World Wide Web)
A global computer network that provides information and communication across all the
country and most of the world.
o Intranet
A computer network with restricted access within a company or school that uses
software and protocols developed for the internet.
o Server
A computer in a central location that runs software and or stores data, multiple clients
can connect to one server for their processing needs.
o Web Browser
A software application that allows for the browsing of the World Wide Web (Internet).
o Domain Name
1. Used to identify more than 1 IP Addresses
2. Used in RLSs to identify a particular web pages.
EXAMPLE =
1. www.google.com 2. www.ebay.com 3.www.auburn.org 4.
www.whitehouse.gov
Domain Name Extensions
1. Gov = Government Agencies
2. Edu = Educational Institutions
3. Org = Organizations
4. Mil = Military com -> Commercial business
5. Net = Network Organizations
