The Impact of A.

I Tools on Writing Skill Development Among Senior High School

Students

A Research Proposal Paper

Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School Department
Misamis Oriental General Comprehensive High School
Don A. Velez St., Cagayan de Oro City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

By:

Joshua James S. Cañete

John Art G. Baril
Enrico N. Glova
Nash R. Dapiton
Mary Nicole R. Maagad
Abegail Lyka O. Bongat
Sarah A. Clasio
Mohaimah T. Casanali

2024 – 2025

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 Table of Contents

Page
Title Page ………………………………………………………………………… i

Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………… ii

I. Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Background

Introduction …………………………………………………………………

Theoretical Framework …………………………………………………

Conceptual Framework …………………………………………………

Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………...

Hypotheses ………………………………………………………………...

Scope and Delimitation of the Study ………………………………...

Significance of the Study …………………………………………………

Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………

II. Chapter 2: The Literature Review

Introduction …………………………………………………………………

Sub-topic 1 …………………………………………………………………

Sub-topic 2 …………………………………………………………………

Sub-topic 3 …………………………………………………………………

III. Chapter 3: The Research Methodology

Research Design ………………………………………………………...

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 Research Setting ………………………………………………………...

Research Participants and Sampling …………………………………

Research Instrument ………………………………………………..

Data Collection ………………………………………………………..

Research Procedure ……………………………………………………….

Design Phase ………………………………………………..

Implementation Phase ……………………………………………….

Evaluation Phase ………………………………………………..

Data Analysis ………………………………………………………..

Ethical Considerations ………………………………………………..

REFERENCES …….………………………………………………………….

APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………..

Research Instrument ……………………………………………….

Letter of Request to Conduct Study ……………………………….

Letter of Consent for the Respondents ……………………………….

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 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field of study within computer science that aims to transfer

human cognitive processes and intellect into machines for a range of human support

applications (Karthikeyan et al., 2021). Salido (2023), stated that artificial intelligence has

the potential to bring about a huge change in the field of education by making it possible to

personalize and adjust students' educational experiences in a way that boosts both students'

academic performance and their overall level of comprehension. In today’s modern world,

technology such as tools for artificial intelligence are more much advance.

In recent years, AI tools like ChatGPT, QuillBot, and Grammarly has become more

well- known and used by the students to support them in their schoolwork especially in

their writing activities. Writing skills refer to the ability to express thoughts, ideas, and

information effectively through written language. These skills include the correct use of

grammar, vocabulary, spelling, clarity, and organization of ideas to communicate clearly

(Harmer, 2015). AI tools can support students by helping them to generate ideas and correct

grammar, enabling students improve their writing (Chen & Xie, 2021). AI tools like

ChatGPT and QuillBot help students by enhancing their ability to generate ideas, improve

clarity, and structure their essays precisely. Students often write essays and research, and

tools like

Grammarly can help ensure grammatical accuracy, which is important for delivering ideas

(Biber et al., 2016). Clarity ensures that the reader easily understands the writer’s intended

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meaning, as it prevents misinterpretation and strengthens the structure of the words which

is important for students writing skills (Graham & Perin, 2016). Students rely on precise,

clear writing to explain ideas easier, and making sure their writing is accurate and no errors,

especially in data gathering (Liu et al., 2018). Using the right words enhances precision and

expression, helping students convey the meaning effectively (Schmitt, 2017). Students need

to be concise in writing. Grammar refers to the system of rules that govern the structure of

language, including clarity, punctuation, spelling, and word usage (Hudson, 2017).

Spelling is also one of the most important skills in writing. It is the correct

arrangement of letters to form a word. It’s about knowing how to write a word correctly so

that it is recognizable and clear. Good spelling ensures that words are understood and that

writing appears more polished (Cameron & Plummer, 2015). Research suggest that AI tools

can increase efficiency and to improve learning (Zawacki-Richter et al., 2019).

Furthermore, AI’s role in writing and to support ideas is acknowledge as having the

potential to boost students’ academic outputs and completing assignments with confidence

(Holmes et al., 2019).

However, while existing literatures often focuses on the general advantage on the

use of AI in higher education settings, it has neglected the impact of AI tools in the writing

skills development. For instance, Zawacki-Richter et al., (2019) points out a systematic

review of AI applications in higher education but does not explore the impact of AI tools in

writing skills for senior high school students. Similarly, Holmes et al., (2019) discuss the

benefits of AI in education setting, but do not address how these benefits specifically

impact essential writing skills, such as grammar, clarity, spelling, and vocabulary.

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 By addressing this gap, this study examines the relationship between the use of AI

tools and the development of writing skills among senior high school student. By focusing

on specific writing skills, such as vocabulary use, spelling, grammar, and clarity, this study

aims to determine if there is a connection between using AI tools and how well students

develop these skills.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The research study is supported by the Self-Regulated Learning Theory of Zimmerman

(1989). This theory states that students achieve success by making progress and evaluating

their work on their own. AI tools, like Grammarly and ChatGPT, help students develop

writing skills independently by giving feedback and suggestions for improvement. These

tools encourage students to set writing goals, review their own work, and make corrections,

which can lead to better writing skills over time.

Moreover, if students always rely on AI rather than doing it for themselves to learn,

it may affect students’ ability to comprehend and develop these skills (Dizon, 2020). Thus,

the purpose of this study is to know whether AI tools help students in building writing skills

development.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

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 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

AI TOOLS WRITING SKILLS

• Vocabulary
• ChatGPT usage
• Spelling
• Grammarly
• Gramma
• QuillBot r
• Clarity

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram

This study looks at the impact of AI tools among senior high school students in

MOGCHS. As illustrated by the diagram, there have been references to AI tools and writing

skills. These are 1.) ChatGPT, 2.) QuillBot, and 3.) Grammarly. In writing skills, these are

1.) Vocabulary usage, 2.) Spelling, 3.) Grammar, and 4.) Clarity. These AI tools are used by

the students for their writing skills and how these AI tools impact their skills in writing.

(Lai

& Hwang, 2016).

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research aims to determine the impact of AI tools on the writing skills

development of senior high school students of Misamis Oriental General Comprehensive

High School.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the demographic profiles of the respondents in terms of:

a) Age

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 b) Sex

c) Strand/Track

d) Type of AI Writing Tools used

2. What are the perceived benefits and drawbacks of using AI tools (ChatGPT,

QuillBot, Grammarly) on writing skills development students, specifically in terms

of:

a) Vocabulary Use

b) Spelling

c) Grammar

d) Clarity

3. Is there a significant relationship between the use of AI tools and specific writing

skills such as, vocabulary, spelling, clarity, and grammar) of senior high school

students in various academic strands?

HYPOTHESES

H₀1: AI tools have no significant impact to the overall writing skills.

H₀2: AI tools have no significant impact to learners’ vocabulary use.

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 H₀3: AI tools have no significant impact to learners' mastery in spelling.

H₀4: AI tools have no significant impact to learners’ grammar in writing.

H₀5: AI tools have no significant impact to learners’ writing clarity.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This research will be conducted at Misamis Oriental General Comprehensive High

School (MOGCHS) during the 2024-2025 school year, focusing only on senior high school

students. It will not include students from other grade levels or the entire population of

MOGCHS. This study will examine how AI tools affect writing skills, including grammar,

vocabulary, spelling, and clarity. Data will be collected using tests designed that made by

the researchers for this research.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study would be significant to the following groups of people:

Students. This study will help senior high school students understand how AI tools can

improve their writing skills, like grammar, vocabulary, spelling, and clarity. It can support

students to use AI as a tool to enhance their writing.

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Teachers. This research will provide insights into how AI tools can be used to improve

writing instruction. It will help teachers make better decisions about using technology in

their classrooms to support students' writing development.

Future Researchers. This study will be useful for future researchers who want to explore

how AI tools can impact writing skills further. It will provide a starting point for studies on

AI in education and its role in improving writing.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

To better comprehend the research, the following terms are defined theoretically:

Artificial Intelligence Tools. AI tools are software or applications powered by artificial

intelligence designed to assist with tasks like writing, editing, and generating text. These

tools analyze data to improve efficiency and accuracy in specific tasks (Brown et al., 2021).

ChatGPT. ChatGPT is an AI language model developed by OpenAI that generates

humanlike responses to text inputs. It is widely used for answering questions, drafting text,

and assisting with writing tasks (OpenAI, 2023).

Clarity. Clarity in writing refers to how well the intended message is understood by the

reader. It involves using precise language and organizing ideas effectively to avoid

confusion

(Williams, 2015).

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Grammar. Grammar is the set of rules that govern the structure of language, including

sentence formation, punctuation, and spelling. Proper grammar ensures communication is

accurate and understandable (Crystal, 2017).

Grammarly. Grammarly refers to advance writing assistance that provides feedback on

grammar, punctuation, spelling, and tone to improve users’ writing skills. (Grammarly,

2023). QuillBot. QuillBot is an AI-driven writing assistant designed to help users refine

their text by paraphrasing, summarizing, and improving grammar and sentence structure. It

is frequently used to enhance clarity and coherence in writing (Dwivedi et al., 2021).

Spelling. Spelling is the correct arrangement of letters in a word according to accepted

language conventions. Accurate spelling is crucial for clear and professional

communication (Oxford English Dictionary, 2016).

Vocabulary Usage. Vocabulary usage refers to the selection and application of appropriate

words in writing or speaking to convey meaning of words. It plays a key role in enhancing

communication clarity and overall writing quality (Richards & Renandya, 2016).

Writing Skills. Writing skills are the ability to express thoughts and ideas clearly through

written words, using proper grammar, vocabulary, and organization to ensure clear

communication (Harmer, 2015).

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 LITERATURE REVIEW OUTLINE

I. Overview of AI Tools in Education (Cañete, Casanali)

II. Most Commonly Used AI Tools in Writing (Bongat, Dapiton)

a) ChatGPT

b) Grammarly

c) QuillBot

III. Writing Skills & Core Components (Maagad, Glova)

a) Vocabulary usage

b) Grammar

c) Spelling

d) Clarity

IV. Impact of AI Tools to Writing Skills Development (Cañete, Baril, Clasio)

a) AI Tools in Vocabulary Development

b) AI Tools in Spelling Development

c) AI Tools in Grammar Development

d) AI Tools in Sentence Clarity Development

V. Summary (Maagad, Cañete)

a) Common AI Tools used in Writing

b) How AI Tools affect writing skills development

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter review the literature on how AI tools affect writing skills development. Also,

it discusses of AI tools in education, including ChatGPT, Grammarly, and QuillBot, and

discusses their effects on key writing components such as, vocabulary, grammar, spelling,

and clarity. Lastly, the chapter concludes with a summary of the most commonly used AI

tools and their overall impact on students' writing skills.

AI Tools in Education

International Literature

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT, QuillBot, and Grammarly are

revolutionizing the educational landscape by assisting students in developing their writing

skills. These tools provide instant feedback on grammar, style, and spelling, enabling

students to identify and correct errors efficiently. They emphasize that AI-driven platforms

support personalized learning, allowing students to progress at their own pace. This

flexibility has proved especially helpful in encouraging self-regulated learning, which is

essential for academic success (Kumar & Jain, 2022).

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 Local Literature

Garcia (2022) studied Senior High school students in Mindanao and found that AI tools

like ChatGPT improved their grammar and critical thinking. These tools also encouraged

students to consider different perspectives when revising their work. The study

recommended including AI tools in teaching to strengthen writing in education. In addition,

Dela Cruz (2022) found that Filipino college students who regularly used Grammarly to

improve their grammar accuracy and made fewer writing errors. The study emphasized the

need to teach responsible AI use to ensure students maintain originality.

Most Used AI Tools in Writing

International Literature

The adoption of AI tools such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, and QuillBot has significantly

impacted students’ writing skills and overall learning experiences. Each tool addresses

unique abilities that help students in writing.

ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, has gained attention as a versatile tool for brainstorming,

creating writing, and problem solving. According to Chen & Zhang (2023), ChatGPT is

transforming how students engage with complex topics. Its conversational AI design allows

students to asl detailed questions, explore varying perspectives, and receive customized

feedback tailored to their needs. This makes ChatGPT especially useful for subjects that

require writing activities, such as humanities, social sciences, and even in all tracks.

Furthermore, Xu et al. (2023) observed that ChatGPT encourages collaborative learning by

offering diverse ideas for group writing projects and discussions. This not only boosts

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creativity but also helps students gain a deeper understanding of the content, improving

their ability to write and communicate ideas more effectively.

Grammarly is an AI tool for writing enhancement, is particularly valued for its ability to

provide a real-time grammar correction, detect spelling errors, and improve clarity in a

sentence. Freeman & Marks (2022) noted that Grammarly is indispensable for students

aiming to meet the needs of academic and professional writing. Its ability to adapt

suggestions based on the audience and purpose of document, be it an essay, research paper,

or letter, makes it an essential tool for students whose having a hard time in writing.

Additionally, Grammarly’s emphasis on readability and clarity enables students to

communicate their ideas more clearly and improve their confidence in writing.

QuillBot is another widely used AI tool, renowned for its advanced paraphrasing and

summarization feature. Ahmed & Nordin (2022) highlighted its critical role in helping

students simplify dense academic texts, making it an invaluable resource for those tackling

complex subjects. In addition, QuillBot supports academic integrity by offering detailed

paraphrasing options that help students avoid plagiarism while preserving the original

intent of the content. It can enhance the ideas of students to make a sentence, making it a

practical choice for academic and professional tasks.

Local Literature

ChatGPT is gaining popularity among senior high school and college students in the

Philippines. Villanueva & Soriano (2023) explored its use in senior high school students in

Cebu commonly used ChatGPT for brainstorming essay topics and generating creative

ideas. Its conversational design, which mimics an AI tutor, allows students to interact with

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the tool as if they were having a real-time discussion, which helps them better understand

topics and refine their writing.

Grammarly has been used for Filipino students aiming to refine their written outputs,

particularly in English. According to Dela Cruz & Ramos (2021), Grammarly is widely

used in universities across the country, where students benefit from its grammar correction.

The researchers found that students rely on Grammarly not only for identifying

grammatical errors but also for improving word choice, sentence structure, and spelling.

Filipino students frequently use Grammarly for essays, research papers, and cover letters.

QuillBot is another AI tool highly valued in academic contexts, particularly for its

paraphrasing. Umali (2024) conducted a study that explored the integration of AI

technologies in private schools in Calamba City, Laguna, focusing on their impact on

teaching practices and student motivation. The study identified QuillBot as a frequently

used tool among students for rephrasing and simplifying complex academic texts. Teachers

and administrators in the study also acknowledged the tool’s potential to aid students in

developing better comprehension and independent learning habits.

Writing Skills & Core Components

International Literature

Writing skills are essential for effective communication, allowing individuals to convey

their thoughts, ideas, and arguments clearly and persuasively. According to Graham &

Perin (2018), writing skills encompass a range of competencies, including the ability to

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organize ideas, use appropriate vocabulary, and maintain grammatical accuracy. These

skills are important for school, work, and everyday life.

Vocabulary is a key part of writing because people express their ideas clearly and in

detailed. Nation (2017) explained that having a strong vocabulary allows students to write

about complex topics and communicate better. He suggested that students should read and

do exercises to learn new words and how to use them. McCarthy & O Dell (2020) also

showed that practicing specific words related to a topic helps students improve their

writing. They have found that repeated practice with new words makes writing smoother

and more effective.

Grammar is the set of rules that helps sentences make sense and flow well. Larsen

Freeman & Murcia (2016) explained that knowing a grammar helps students write in a way

that is both clear and professional. They found that practicing grammar through real writing

activities, like essays and group reviews, help students get better at using grammar in their

own work. Ellis et al. (2019 showed that writing with fewer grammar mistakes is easier to

understand and more convincing. AI tools like Grammarly also help students check their

grammar while they write.

Spelling is important because it affects how professional and clear a piece of writing tools.

Crystal (2019) found that spelling mistakes can distract readers and make writing seem less

reliable. He recommended teaching spelling alongside lesson on how words are formed and

pronounced. Chen & Zhang (2020) studied students using AI tools like QuillBot and found

that these tool reduced spelling mistakes by 60%. They also noticed that these tools helped

students learn by showing them their mistakes and explaining how to fix them.

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Clarity means making writing easy to read and understand. According to Williams (2017),

clear writing involves using straightforward language, avoiding jargon, and structing

sentences logically to help readers follow the message without confusion and clear.

Williams emphasized that clarity is crucial for academic writing, as it ensures that the

audience can grasp the writer’s intent without misinterpretation. Additionally, studies by

Hall & Smolkin (2020) revealed that clarity improves when writers use tools like outlining

and revising to organize their ideas before drafting. They found that students who precited

these methods wrote essays that were easier to understand and more effective in delivering

their messages.

Local Literature

In the Philippines, knowing more English words is important for students to do well in

writing. Medina & Cruz (2018) studies senior high school students in Metro Manila and

found that many struggled with limited vocabulary. They noted that a lack of access to

English reading materials and insufficient exposure to diverse word usage were the main

challenges. To address this, the researchers suggested introducing reading programs and

creative writing exercises. Their findings revealed that students who participated in these

activities improved their ability to express complex ideas in writing by 30% over one

academic year.

Grammar has a role for effective well-written sentence, ensuring coherence and clarity in

conveying ideas. A study conducted by Lopez & Hernandez (2023) among senior high

school students in Iloilo City highlighted common grammar-related challenges faced by

Filipino learners. These included difficulties with subject-verb agreement, verb tense

15
consistency, and sentence structure. The researchers identified that these issues often

stemmed from inadequate practice, limited exposure to proper grammar usage, and the lack

of personalized feedback in traditional classroom settings. The study revealed that students

often relied on repetitive drills and memorization, which did not sufficiently equip them for

practical application in academic writing tasks such as essays and research papers. To

address these issues, schools in Iloilo have increasingly adopted a hybrid approach that

combines digital tools with hands-on learning. For instance, grammar-checking

applications like Grammarly have been introduced into English classes.

Spelling is essential for ensuring that written outputs appear professional and are easy to

read. Villanueva & Bautista (2023) conducted a study on the spelling abilities of junior

high school students in Cebu and noted that students often struggle with spelling due to the

inconsistencies between English pronunciation and words. The influence of Filipino and

regional languages, which have simpler phonetic systems, further complicates this

challenge.

The researchers found that integrating spelling-focused applications, such as Spelling Bee

platforms and gamified spelling tests, significantly improved students’ spelling abilities.

Moreover, regular classroom activities, like dictation exercises and spelling quizzes, were

found to enhance attention to detail and reduce errors in written assignments.

Achieving clarity in writing is essential for ensuring that readers understand the ideas

being convey or intended. AI tools assist students achieve better clarity by providing

realtime suggestions for sentence structure and organization. In a study by Flores & Reyes

(2018), the researchers investigated how QuillBot was used by senior high school students

16
in Iloilo to improve the clarity of their writing. The study found that QuillBot helped

students simplify complex ideas and restructure sentences for better flow. By providing

multiple paraphrasing options, QuillBot enabled students to choose the clearest and most

straightforward expressions. This process helped students make their writing more

accessible and ensured that their main ideas were clearly communicated. The researchers

also noted that students found QuillBot useful for refining their writing, especially in

research papers where clarity is crucial to conveying information effectively.

Impact of AI Tools to Writing Skills Development

International Literature

ChatGPT in Vocabulary Development

Vocabulary usage is a fundamental component of writing proficiency, as it equips

individuals with the ability to express their ideas accurately and effectively. AI tools like

ChatGPT have been identified as powerful aids in enhancing vocabulary skills. According

to Roberts & Liang (2019), that ChatGPT’s conversational AI capabilities create an

interactive learning environment where students can explore new words in real-time. By

engaging with the tool, students gain insights into the contextual meanings of words,

enabling them to apply these terms appropriately in their essays, research papers, and

creative writing tasks. The study emphasized how ChatGPT’s intuitive design helps

students to understand their work

clearly.

17
 Similarly, Lee & Park (2019) underscored ChatGPT’s ability to enhance students’

vocabulary by providing a wide range of word suggestions, including synonyms, antonyms,

and phrases tailored to the context of their writing. This feature is particularly beneficial for

students who struggle with English words, as it encourages them to better word choices and

improve the overall quality of their work. The researchers noted that ChatGPT’s

suggestions often inspire students to think critically about word usage, enhancing their

ability to construct more compelling and accurate sentences. However, both studies

identified potential drawbacks associated with the reliance on AI tools for vocabulary

development. Roberts & Liang (2019) warned that excessive dependence on AI-generated

suggestions might lead students to adopt words without fully understanding their meanings

or connotations, resulting in superficial learning. Lee & Park (2019) saw these concerns,

noting that the overuse of advanced vocabulary provided by ChatGPT can sometimes lead

to inappropriate word choices or miscommunication, particularly in academic and formal

writing.

Grammarly in Vocabulary Development

Grammarly is widely recognized as a helpful tool for improving vocabulary

development. It provides real-time suggestions to replace common or overused words with

better alternatives, helping users create more effective and engaging writing. By focusing

on the purpose and tone of the text, Grammarly adjusts its suggestions to match the specific

needs of the writer, making it a valuable tool for academic, professional, and casual

writing.

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Johnson & Carter (2018) found that Grammarly helps users expand their vocabulary by

suggesting new words and phrases during the writing process. For example, if a student

repeatedly uses the word "important," Grammarly might suggest alternatives like "crucial"

or "significant" to add variety and improve the overall quality of the writing. This feature

introduces users to different ways of expressing ideas, helping them learn new words

naturally as they write. Taylor & Brooks (2019) also noted that Grammarly encourages

users to think more carefully about their word choices, helping them communicate their

ideas more clearly. Grammarly also helps users avoid common vocabulary mistakes by

providing context-based suggestions. For example, it identifies when a word is used

incorrectly or awkwardly and offers a replacement that fits the sentence better. Peters &

Hamilton (2019) highlighted that this is particularly helpful for non-native English

speakers, who might struggle with understanding subtle differences between similar words.

Grammarly’s corrections ensure that the writing sounds natural and professional. Despite

its many benefits, Grammarly has some limitations when it comes to vocabulary

development. Unlike tools like ChatGPT, which allow for interactive conversations and

detailed explanations, Grammarly mainly focuses on making direct corrections and

suggestions. Freeman & Davis (2019) pointed out that while these suggestions are useful,

they don’t always encourage users to fully understand the meaning or usage of the new

words. In some cases, users might accept Grammarly’s suggestions without learning why

they are better, which could limit deeper learning.

QuillBot in Vocabulary Development

19
 QuillBot is an effective tool for helping students improve their vocabulary. It offers

features like paraphrasing and rephrasing, which allow users to learn new words and

explore different ways of expressing their ideas. These features are especially helpful for

students who want to make their writing more varied and engaging. According to Williams

& Smith (2019), QuillBot suggests synonyms and alternative sentence structures that help

students expand their word choices and avoid repeating the same phrases. This helps

students make their writing more interesting and professional. For example, when a student

inputs a sentence, QuillBot provides several ways to rewrite it, introducing them to new

words they may not have used before. QuillBot is also helpful for simplifying difficult

texts. Ahmed & Nordin (2019) noted that it can break down complicated sentences into

simpler language, making it easier for students to understand. At the same time, this

process exposes students to different words and phrases, which they can use in their own

writing later on. However,

QuillBot has some limitations. Kim & Lee (2019) pointed out that relying too much on

QuillBot can prevent students from fully learning new words. When students use the tool to

rewrite sentences without thinking deeply about the vocabulary, they might not remember

the words or know how to use them in different situations. Another issue is that students

might use words suggested by QuillBot without understanding their proper meaning or

context. This could lead to sentences that sound unnatural or confusing. To prevent this,

teachers recommend using QuillBot alongside other learning activities, like reading books,

practicing writing, and discussing vocabulary in class.

Local Literature

20
ChatGPT in Vocabulary Development

ChatGPT is increasingly recognized as an effective tool for vocabulary development

among Filipino students, particularly those in senior high school and college. A study by

Flores & Delos Santos (2019) in Metro Manila public schools revealed that students often

use ChatGPT to brainstorm essay ideas and clarify the meanings of unfamiliar terms. The

tool's conversational nature allows students to ask detailed questions and receive tailored

feedback. For example, when tasked with writing essays or research papers, students could

explore synonyms, antonyms, and the contextual usage of words in real-time. This

interactive process fosters a deeper understanding of vocabulary and encourages students to

experiment with varied word choices in their writing. Teachers in the study noted that

ChatGPT helps bridge gaps in English proficiency, especially for students less confident in

their language skills. However, they cautioned against over-reliance, as some students may

accept AIsuggested words without fully understanding their meanings or nuances, leading

to occasional misuse.

Grammarly in Vocabulary Development

Grammarly is another widely used tool among Filipino students, especially in private

universities, where academic rigor requires polished writing. Ramos & Cruz (2018)

explored its use in several universities and found that Grammarly provides students with

real-time suggestions for replacing redundant or repetitive words with more effective

alternatives. For instance, if a student repeatedly uses the word "good," Grammarly might

suggest synonyms like "excellent," helping to improve their vocabulary. This not only

enhances the quality of academic papers but also boosts students' confidence in their

21
writing. Additionally, Grammarly’s tone and clarity adjustments ensure that students use

words suitable for their intended audience. While effective, Ramos & Cruz pointed out that

Grammarly’s suggestions sometimes lack cultural nuance, as it focuses on global English

standards rather than local contexts, which may lead to occasional awkward phrasing in

Filipino-specific writing.

QuillBot in Vocabulary Development

QuillBot is a valuable tool, particularly for its paraphrasing and summarization features,

which are essential for vocabulary use. Bautista & Velasco (2017) conducted a study in

Cebu senior high schools, highlighting how QuillBot aids students in rephrasing complex

sentences and introducing alternative expressions. For example, students struggling with

lengthy or intricate passages could input their sentences into QuillBot and receive

simplified or restructured versions. This process not only improves their comprehension but

also exposes them to a variety of new words and phrases they can later incorporate into

their writing. Teachers in the study emphasized the importance of using QuillBot

responsibly, as some students might rely on it excessively, bypassing the critical thinking

needed to develop their vocabulary independently. They further noted that without proper

guidance, students could misuse words suggested by QuillBot, leading to unclear or

inaccurate sentences. Despite the benefits these tools provide, educators and researchers

have identified challenges associated with their use. Perez & Lim (2019) pointed out that

over-dependence on AI tools can hinder the natural learning process, as students may

prioritize speed and convenience over genuine understanding. For example, some students

22
tend to accept AIgenerated vocabulary suggestions without considering their

appropriateness or context, leading to potential misuse or superficial learning. Moreover,

while these tools excel in introducing global vocabulary standards, they sometimes fail to

address localized language needs, which is particularly important in contexts like the

Philippines, where English is not the first language for many students. Teachers also play a

crucial role in guiding students on how to critically evaluate and apply AI-generated

suggestions. By combining the strengths of AI tools with traditional practices, students can

develop a more profound and lasting mastery of vocabulary, enhancing both their academic

performance and communication skills. While these tools provide significant benefits, such

as interactive learning and improved word choice, they must be used responsibly to ensure

a deeper understanding and effective application of vocabulary.

International Literature

ChatGPT in Spelling Development

ChatGPT supports spelling development by identifying and correcting errors as students

engage in interactive writing. Johnson & Rivera (2019) found that ChatGPT not only flags

misspelled words but also provides contextual examples, helping students understand how

corrected words fit naturally into sentences. This process reinforces learning by combining

error correction with usage examples, making it easier for students to remember accurate

spellings. Additionally, the conversational design of ChatGPT allows students to ask about

specific spelling rules or exceptions, fostering a deeper understanding of language

mechanics. However, Martinez & Fields (2019) noted that excessive reliance on ChatGPT

23
might reduce students' motivation to develop their words and proofreading skills, as they

might become overly dependent on the tool for corrections.

Grammarly in Spelling Development

Grammarly is another popular AI tool that specializes in detecting and correcting spelling

mistakes. It flags errors in real time and suggests context-appropriate replacements, helping

students avoid common mistakes like typos or incorrect homophones. Johnson & Patel

(2018) noted that Grammarly is particularly effective for non-native English speakers, as it

simplifies complex spelling rules and provides suggestions tailored to the tone and style of

writing. For instance, Grammarly can identify if a student accidentally uses “there” instead

of “their” and suggest the correct form while explaining why the correction is necessary.

The tool’s ability to offer detailed explanations helps students better understand the root of

their errors. However, Freeman & Taylor (2018) pointed out that Grammarly’s focus on

efficiency sometimes encourages students to accept suggestions without fully

understanding the corrections, which could limit long-term learning. Additionally, when

students always rely on the tool for their mistakes, it may lead to low understanding of the

words.

QuillBot in Spelling Development QuillBot, although primarily known for its

paraphrasing capabilities, also aids in spelling development by indirectly correcting errors

during sentence rewrites. When students input sentences with spelling mistakes, QuillBot

automatically corrects the errors while maintaining the original meaning. This feature

allows students to see the corrected versions of their writing, exposing them to proper

spellings in context. A study by Ahmed & Nordin (2019) found that QuillBot is particularly

24
useful for students tackling complex texts, as it simplifies sentences and corrects spelling

errors simultaneously. This dual function not only improves the readability of their work

but also familiarizes them with correct word forms. However, the same study highlighted a

drawback: QuillBot does not provide explicit feedback about why a correction was made.

As a result, students might benefit from seeing their errors fixed but miss the opportunity to

learn the underlying spelling rules. Despite their significant contributions, AI tools have

certain limitations that educators and students must consider. Overreliance on AI tools can

hinder a student’s ability to develop independent errorrecognition skills. For instance,

Harper & Cruz (2019) emphasized that students who frequently use AI tools may become

passive recipients of corrections, relying on algorithms rather than actively engaging in the

writing process. Another concern is the occasional inconsistency in AI tools when dealing

with regional spelling differences or highly specialized vocabulary.

Local Literature

ChatGPT in Spelling Development

ChatGPT can assist students with spelling development. In a study conducted by Reyes &

Santos (2019) among senior high school students in Quezon City, ChatGPT was found to

help students detect spelling errors during interactive writing exercises. When students

engage in conversational interactions with ChatGPT, the tool not only highlights misspelled

words but also provides suggestions for corrections. This interactive process allows

students to understand common spelling mistakes and improve their accuracy over time.

For instance, when students type sentences with errors, ChatGPT offers immediate

feedback by suggesting proper spellings and explaining the difference between similar

25
words. Teachers participating in the study noted that ChatGPT’s ability to provide detailed

explanations aids students in avoiding repeated errors. However, they also warned that

some students might rely heavily on the tool, limiting their capacity to learn and internalize

spelling rules independently.

Grammarly in Spelling Development

Grammarly is another widely used tool for spelling improvement. According to Dela Cruz

& Villanueva (2018), Grammarly’s real-time error detection and corrections help students

produce polished and accurate written work. Grammarly is particularly useful for students

working on essays and reports, as it instantly identifies spelling mistakes and offers the

correct alternatives. The tool also encourages students to review their work carefully by

showing why a correction is needed. However, the study pointed out that Grammarly’s

focus on standard English can sometimes overlook spelling variations unique to Philippine

English or cultural writing contexts.

QuillBot in Spelling Development

QuillBot contributes to spelling development by helping students restructure sentences and

correct errors during the process. Mendoza & Lim (2019) found that students using

QuillBot improved their spelling as the tool automatically corrected misspelled words

while suggesting better sentence structures. For example, when a student inputs a sentence

with errors, QuillBot provides rewritten versions with the correct spelling. This exposure to

proper word usage allows students to gradually build better spelling habits. The study also

noted that QuillBot’s paraphrasing features introduce students to different ways of

expressing ideas, which helps them expand their vocabulary while improving spelling

26
accuracy. However, over-reliance on QuillBot can lead some students to accept corrections

without fully understanding the changes, which limits deeper learning.

While AI tools offer many advantages for spelling development, some challenges remain.

Garcia & Tan (2019) observed that students who use AI tools excessively may become

overly dependent on them for corrections. This reliance might reduce their ability to

identify and fix errors on their own, especially in situations where AI tools are unavailable.

Educators suggest that while these tools are helpful, they should be used alongside

traditional methods like spelling drills, vocabulary exercises, and teacher-guided lessons to

ensure lasting improvement.

In summary, AI tools like ChatGPT, Grammarly, and QuillBot have a positive

impact on spelling development among Filipino students. They provide instant corrections

and explanations that help students learn and apply correct spelling in their writing.

International Literature

ChatGPT in Grammar Development

ChatGPT is particularly effective in identifying and addressing grammatical errors through

interactive conversations. Martin & Hughes (2019) conducted a study with university

students in Singapore, demonstrating how ChatGPT's ability to clarify grammatical

concepts benefits learners, especially those struggling with complex rules like conditional

sentences and tense usage. The conversational nature of ChatGPT enables users to ask

follow-up questions about corrections, allowing for deeper understanding and practical

application. For example, when students submit grammatically incorrect sentences,

ChatGPT not only provides the corrected version but also explains why the original

27
sentence was incorrect. This fosters a more engaging learning experience compared to

static feedback. However, Martin & Hughes also noted that ChatGPT's responses might

sometimes lack context-specific accuracy, particularly in academic writing. This highlights

the importance of using ChatGPT as a supplementary tool rather than a sole resource for

grammar improvement.

Grammarly in Grammar Development

Grammarly, known for its precision and user-friendly interface, has gained popularity

among students and professionals alike for its ability to enhance grammar and sentence

structure. Johnson & Taylor (2018) studied its impact on undergraduate students in the

United States and found that Grammarly helped identify common errors such as misplaced

modifiers, incorrect punctuation, and run-on sentences. The tool's tone detection features

further aids users in refining their writing style to suit formal or informal contexts, a critical

skill for academic and professional writing. Grammarly also helps non-native English

speakers navigate challenging grammatical constructs by offering simplified explanations

alongside corrections. For instance, it flags passive voice usage and suggests ways to

convert it into active voice, making sentences more direct and engaging. However, Johnson

& Taylor observed that Grammarly occasionally misinterprets context, providing

corrections that, while grammatically accurate, may not align with the writer’s intent. This

is especially evident in creative or expressive writing, where rigid corrections can diminish

the originality of the text.

QuillBot in Grammar Development

28
QuillBot, with its advanced paraphrasing and rephrasing capabilities, can help student for

their grammar improvement. Patel & Kumar (2019) explored its usage among Indian

students, finding that QuillBot effectively restructures sentences to correct grammatical

errors while preserving the original meaning. This makes it particularly useful for students

working on academic assignments or professional documents. For instance, when a user

inputs a poorly structured sentence, QuillBot provides several alternatives, exposing

students to different grammatical constructions and helping them internalize proper

sentence formation. Patel and Kumar also highlighted QuillBot's ability to address

repetitive sentence patterns, encouraging users to diversify their writing. Despite these

benefits, the researchers warned that students who rely too heavily on QuillBot may miss

out on opportunities to practice critical grammar skills. Accepting AI-generated suggestions

without analyzing them can hinder long-term learning and understanding of grammar rules.

Moreover, global studies emphasize the dual role of AI tools in grammar learning.

According to Delgado & Martinez (2019), who studied the integration of AI tools in

writing workshops across Europe, these technologies provide unparalleled accessibility to

grammar corrections, especially for students with limited access to traditional resources.

The study highlighted that tools like ChatGPT, Grammarly, and QuillBot complement

traditional instruction by offering individualized feedback that teachers may not always

have the capacity to provide. However, the researchers also pointed out that these tools

might encourage a "quick-fix" mentality among students, where they rely on automated

corrections rather than engaging in the process of understanding grammar concepts deeply.

However, Hamilton & Lee (2019) study states that AI tools might create a dependency that

hinders independent grammar learning. Students who rely heavily on tools like Grammarly
29
or QuillBot may struggle to identify and correct errors on their own, particularly in contexts

where such tools are unavailable. Furthermore, while AI tools excel at identifying and

fixing surface-level grammar mistakes, they sometimes misinterpret nuanced contexts, such

as informal rhetorical sentence structures, potentially leading to errors in formal writing.

Local Literature

ChatGPT in Grammar Development

ChatGPT plays an instrumental role in helping students address grammar issues in

real time. De la Torre & Santos (2018) observed that the tool’s interactive nature allows

students to engage in simulated conversations where grammatical errors are identified and

corrected. For instance, when students input grammatically flawed sentences, ChatGPT

provides corrections alongside detailed explanations, helping them understand the

underlying rules. This dynamic interaction is particularly beneficial for Filipino students, as

many struggle with specific grammar challenges such as, the proper use of modifiers, and

sentence structure.

Similarly, Perez & Dominguez (2019) conducted a study on the use of ChatGPT

among senior high school students in Batangas and found that the tool is frequently used

for drafting essays, editing research papers, and preparing academic presentations. The

researchers emphasized how ChatGPT’s ability to provide context-based corrections allows

students to apply grammar rules more effectively in their work. However, they also

cautioned that excessive reliance on the tool may discourage students from actively

learning grammar, potentially leading to a superficial understanding of language rule.

Grammarly in Grammar Development

30
Grammarly is a dependable tool for improving grammar accuracy, particularly in academic

writing. According to Lopez & Castillo (2019), Grammarly provides instant corrections for

common grammar mistakes, such as verb tense errors, improper punctuation, and structure

of words. The study, conducted among university students in Metro Manila, highlighted

how Grammarly’s explanations of grammar rules help students internalize these concepts,

leading to long-term improvements in their writing skills. Grammarly’s feedback is

particularly valuable for Filipino students transitioning to English as their primary medium

of instruction. Belen & Gonzales (2018) found that Grammarly effectively bridges the gap

for students struggling with verb tense consistency and proper preposition usage, two

common areas of difficulty among non-native English speakers. Additionally, the tool’s

ability to offer alternative phrasing and sentence structure suggestions encourages students

to explore varied ways of expressing their ideas.

However, Freeman & Davis (2019) noted that Grammarly’s corrections can

sometimes lean toward overly formal or rigid styles, which may not always align with the

intended tone of creative or casual writing. Furthermore, some students accept

Grammarly’s suggestions without fully understanding why the corrections are necessary,

potentially limiting their deeper learning of grammar rules.

QuillBot in Grammar Development

QuillBot, known for its paraphrasing and rephrasing capabilities, indirectly supports

grammar development by encouraging students to refine their sentence structures and

improve grammatical accuracy. A study by Villanueva & Ramos (2017) in Cebu revealed

that QuillBot is frequently used by students revising essays and research papers. The tool

31
provides grammatically correct alternative sentences, allowing students to identify and

correct their mistakes while learning new ways to structure their ideas. According to

Santiago & Cruz (2019), that QuillBot’s paraphrasing feature is especially useful for

students who struggle with sentence construction and coherence. Additionally, the tool’s

simplicity in explaining its changes makes it accessible to younger students and non-native

English speakers. Despite its benefits, QuillBot has its limitations. Kim & Lee (2019) noted

that students who over-rely on QuillBot’s suggestions may miss opportunities to learn the

nuances of grammar, such as idiomatic expressions or stylistic variations. Excessive use of

the tool may result in overpolished writing that lacks the student’s personal grammar skill

or creativity.

AI tools like ChatGPT, Grammarly, and QuillBot have significantly influenced grammar

development among Filipino students and international. They provide immediate feedback,

accessible explanations, and alternative sentence structures that help students refine their

grammar skills and improve their writing quality. However, these tools also have

drawbacks, such as fostering over-reliance and limiting deeper learning of grammar rules.

International Literature

ChatGPT in Sentence Clarity Development

ChatGPT has shown significant potential in improving sentence clarity by providing

instant feedback and suggestions for rewording unclear or overly complex sentences.

Brown & Carter (2019) emphasized that ChatGPT’s advanced natural language processing

capabilities help users identify ambiguous phrases and offer concise alternatives that
32
convey the intended meaning effectively. For instance, when presented with a verbose

sentence,

ChatGPT provides streamlined options that improve both clarity and readability. Moreover,

Wilson & Zhao (2018) found that ChatGPT is particularly beneficial for non-native English

speakers who often struggle with sentence structure and coherence. By engaging in a

conversational process, users can refine their writing and make it more understandable.

This is especially useful in academic and professional settings, where clarity is essential.

However, the study also pointed out a drawback, some users tend to rely heavily on the

tool’s suggestions without critically evaluating their suitability, which may result in

sentences that lack a personal touch or originality.

Grammarly in Sentence Clarity Development

Grammarly has long been recognized as a leading tool for refining sentence clarity.

Johnson & Mitchell (2017) noted that Grammarly’s features, such as clarity-focused

rewrites and the removal of redundant phrases, make it an indispensable tool for students

and professionals alike. The software’s ability to detect and simplify overly complicated

sentences helps users produce writing that is more concise and impactful. For example,

Grammarly might suggest transforming a sentence like “The reason for the delay was due

to the fact that the train arrived late” into “The train’s late arrival caused the delay,”

improving both clarity and flow. Miller & Sanders (2019) further explored Grammarly’s

effectiveness and found that the tool adapts its suggestions to different writing contexts,

such as academic, creative, or professional writing. This adaptability ensures that the text

aligns with the writer’s intent and audience expectations. However, a limitation identified

33
in the study is Grammarly’s reliance on algorithmic corrections, which sometimes overlook

the nuances of tone or context, leading to overly formal or impersonal suggestions. Despite

this, the researchers concluded that Grammarly remains a highly effective tool for writers

aiming to enhance clarity in their work.

QuillBot in Sentence Clarity Development

QuillBot has emerged as a powerful AI tool for sentence clarity due to its paraphrasing and

summarization features. Martinez & Green (2019) highlighted that QuillBot’s ability to

generate multiple rephrased versions of a sentence allows users to choose the most suitable

option for their intended message. This feature is particularly beneficial for students

revising their essays or research papers, as it enables them to simplify complex ideas while

retaining their original meaning. Thompson & Rivera (2018) observed that QuillBot’s

context-aware suggestions contribute significantly to improving clarity. By analyzing the

surrounding text, the tool ensures that its rephrased sentences fit seamlessly into the overall

structure of the writing. This makes it especially useful for academic writers who need to

maintain a consistent tone and flow. However, the study cautioned against over-reliance on

QuillBot, as excessive use may hinder the development of independent writing skills. Users

may become dependent on the tool’s suggestions, potentially limiting their ability to

critically assess and revise their own work.

Local Literature

ChatGPT in Sentence Clarity Development

ChatGPT has proven to be a helpful resource for Filipino students seeking to refine

sentence clarity. According to David & Morales (2019), senior high school students in
34
Quezon City used ChatGPT to simplify complex sentences, particularly in research papers

and essays. The tool’s ability to analyze the input and suggest clearer phrasing allowed

students to better organize their ideas and eliminate redundancy. This feature is especially

beneficial for students who struggle with expressing their thoughts concisely.

Another study by Ramos & Alcaraz (2018) found that ChatGPT was effective in

helping students detect ambiguous or vague sentences in their drafts. By providing

alternative phrasings and breaking down long sentences into more manageable parts, the

tool enabled students to improve both readability and coherence. However, the researchers

also noted that over-reliance on ChatGPT could discourage students from independently

evaluating their sentence structures, potentially limiting their critical thinking skills.

Grammarly in Sentence Clarity Development

Grammarly is widely used in the Philippines to enhance sentence clarity by identifying and

addressing unclear or overly complex sentences. According to Soriano & Lim (2018),

university students in Metro Manila reported that Grammarly’s clarity-focused suggestions

helped them eliminate wordiness and improve the logical flow of their ideas. For example,

Grammarly frequently flagged sentences that were too lengthy or contained unnecessary

modifiers, recommending shorter, more direct alternatives.

Padilla & Ramos (2019) also observed that Grammarly's tone detection feature

assisted students in tailoring their writing for different audiences. For instance, students

writing formal essays were able to refine their sentences to ensure they were concise.

However, the researchers highlighted that Grammarly’s automated suggestions sometimes

35
lacked the contextual sensitivity required for nuanced writing, which could lead to overly

generic phrasing.

QuillBot in Sentence Clarity Development

QuillBot’s paraphrasing feature is an invaluable tool for improving sentence clarity

among Filipino students. A study by Alvarez & Lim (2019) in high schools across Laguna

found that QuillBot was instrumental in helping students rewrite unclear sentences. By

presenting multiple paraphrasing options, the tool encouraged users to experiment with

different sentence structures, fostering greater understanding of clarity in writing.

Additionally, a study by Lopez & Fernandez (2018) emphasized QuillBot’s role in

simplifying technical and academic texts. Students reported that the tool made their writing

more accessible to a wider audience by rephrasing jargon-heavy sentences into simpler

language. However, the researchers also observed that some students overly relied on

QuillBot, sometimes misapplying the tool’s suggestions due to a lack of contextual

understanding.

Summary

Our review of related literature highlights the common AI tools used in writing and

their effects on writing skills development. Among the most commonly used AI tools are

ChatGPT, Grammarly, and QuillBot. ChatGPT is often used for brainstorming ideas,

generating creative outputs, and offering real-time suggestions to improve vocabulary and

grammar. Grammarly focuses on correcting grammar, improving clarity, and refining the

tone and style of writing, which makes it helpful for academic and professional outputs.

QuillBot, on the other hand, is mainly used for paraphrasing and summarizing texts. It

36
helps students simplify complex ideas and avoid plagiarism while improving the quality of

their work. These tools are widely acknowledged for their ability to provide instant

feedback, improve writing precision, and make students more engaged with their writing

tasks.

The impact of AI tools on writing skills development is significant across various

aspects. For vocabulary, tools like ChatGPT and QuillBot help students discover new word

choices and learn their contextual meanings, while Grammarly offers suggestions for better

word use in real time. In spelling, AI tools detect and correct errors effectively, making

them particularly useful for non-native English speakers who often struggle with common

mistakes. For grammar, AI tools provide feedback that improves accuracy and sentence

structure, although relying too much on these tools may prevent students from fully

understanding grammar rules on their own. In terms of clarity, features like sentence

rewrites and paraphrasing from tools such as Grammarly and QuillBot make writing more

readable, coherent, and easier to understand.

Although AI tools have greatly enhanced the development of writing skills, they

also have negative impact. Over-dependence on these tools may hinder critical thinking and

limit students' ability to learn fundamental skills independently. Thus, while these tools can

improve writing efficiency and quality, they should be used responsibly and in combination

with traditional learning practices to ensure balanced skill development.

37
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CHAPTER III

THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methodology used in the study, including the

research design, research setting, participants and sampling, research procedure, research

instrument, data analysis, and ethical considerations. It explains how data was collected and

analyzed to determine the relationship between the use of AI tools and the development of

writing skills among senior high school students. Given the study's focus on identifying

correlations, a quantitative correlational research design was employed. The research

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instrument, a questionnaire adapted from a previous study, was used to collect data from

respondents.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study will employ a quantitative correlational research design to examine the

relationship between the use of AI tools and writing skills development among senior high

school students. A correlational approach was chosen as it allows the researchers to

determine the extent to which two variables AI tool usage and writing skill proficiency are

related. This design is appropriate since it enables an objective and statistical analysis of

patterns and relationships without manipulating any variables (Creswell, 2014).

Quantitative research is applicable in this study as it provides measurable and numerical

data that can be analyzed using statistical methods, allowing researchers to identify trends

and relationships effectively (Babbie, 2020).

RESEARCH SETTING

The study will be conducted at Misamis Oriental General Comprehensive High

School (MOGCHS) during the 2024–2025 school year. The school chosen as the research

site since it has all diverse strands making it an ideal setting for analyzing the impact of AI

tools on students' writing skills across different strands. The research will only be

applicable in MOGCHS and will not include outside of the school.

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RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS AND SAMPLING

The respondents of the study are the senior high school students enrolled in

MOGCHS. In this study, the researchers employed a simple random sampling technique

to select participants from the senior high school population of MOGCHS since the

researchers wants to randomly selects the participants. The total population of senior high

school students in MOGCHS is 911 population. The use of simple random sampling

enhances the fairness and objectivity of the participant selection process, eliminating bias

and allowing for more generalizable findings.

Slovin’s Formula

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 n= N
¿¿

911
n= 2
1+ 911 ( 0.05 )

911
n= ❑
1+ 911 ( 0.0025 )

911
n= ❑
1+2.2775

911
n=
3.2775

n = 278

By using Slovin’s formula, the result came out 278 which is the sample population

of the researchers.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The primary research instrument used in this study is a structured questionnaire

adapted from previous research on AI tools and writing skills. The questionnaire consisted

of demographic information (includes age, sex, academic strand, and AI tools frequently

used.), AI tool usage frequency, and Perceived Writing Skill Development (Assesses the

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 impact of AI tools on students' vocabulary, spelling, grammar, and clarity). Using the

Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).

DATA COLLECTION

Prior to data collection, consent is obtained from the school administration and the

respondents. Students are informed about the purpose of the study, confidentiality, and their

right to withdraw from the participation at any time. The population consists of all senior

high school students enrolled in all strands at Misamis Oriental General Comprehensive

High School during 2024-2025 school year, totaling 911 students (Including G11 – G12).

Using simple random sampling, researchers randomly select participants from all strands.

From each strand, a proportional number of students are randomly selected to ensure

representation from all strands, resulting a sample size of 278. An adapted research

questionnaire is designed to measure the impact of AI tools in writing skills.

RESEARCH PROCEDURE

Researchers will request a permission from the principal before starting the data

collection procedure. The researchers will distribute a questionnaire to the participants,

ensuring that they have given their consent. The questionnaire will have a permission

statement allowing the researchers to carry out the survey. The researchers themselves will

personally administer the questionnaires to the participants. They will explain each item on

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the questionnaire, and once the questionnaire is distributed, the participants will start

answering the questions. The data collected will be organized and summarized using a

scoring procedure. Then data will be interpreted and analyzed using statistical tools to gain

insights and draw conclusions.

DATA ANALYSIS

The collected data will be analyzed using inferential statistical methods to determine

the impact of AI tools (ChatGPT, QuillBot, Grammarly) on the writing skills development

of senior high school students at Misamis Oriental General Comprehensive High School.

The sample size was determined using Slovin’s Formula, ensuring a representative sample

from the total population of 911 senior high school students. With a 5% margin of error,

the computed sample size is 278 respondents. The data will be collected through a

structured questionnaire using a Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly

Agree) to assess students' perceived impact of AI tools on their writing skills (vocabulary,

spelling, grammar, and clarity). To determine whether AI tools significantly impact

writing skill development, an Independent Samples T-Test will be conducted for each

hypothesis.

T-Test Variables:

Independent Variable (IV): AI tool usage: ChatGPT, Grammarly, Quillbot (Users vs. Non-

users).

Dependent Variable (DV): Writing skills (Vocabulary, Spelling, Grammar, Clarity).

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Hypothesis for the T-Test:

H₀₁: AI tools have no significant impact on overall writing skills.

H₀₂: AI tools have no significant impact on learner's vocabulary use.

H₀₃: AI tools have no significant impact on learner's spelling mastery.

H₀₄: AI tools have no significant impact on learner's grammar proficiency.

H₀₅: AI tools have no significant impact on learner's writing clarity.

Decision Rule (Significance Level = 0.05):

If p ≤ 0.05, reject the null hypothesis (H₀) → AI tools significantly impact writing skills.

If p ≥ 0.05, fail to reject the null hypothesis (H₀) → AI tools do not significantly impact

writing skills.

The results of the t-test will determine whether AI tools significantly improve the

writing skills of the student in senior high school. The findings will be presented in tables

and compared with previous research to analyze trends and implications.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

This will follow the ethical principles to ensure the protection of participants' rights,

privacy, and well-being. Before participating, students will be given a clear explanation of

the study. They will sign a consent form to confirm that they understand the research and

agree to participate. No personal details (like names or age) will be shared. The results will
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be presented as a group, not individually. All information will be kept safe and private. The

study will not cause stress, embarrassment, or discomfort. The survey questions will be

neutral and safe. The research will be truthful data will not be changed or manipulated. The

results will be fairly analyzed without bias. The study will follow the school’s research

guidelines. Approval from the school administration will be obtained before conducting the

study. By following these ethical considerations, the researchers will ensure transparency,

integrity, and respect for participants’ rights. The study will be conducted responsibly to

contribute meaningful and ethical findings for the school community.

REFERENCES

Babbie, E. (2020). The practice of social research (15th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods

approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

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