VELAMMAL BODHI CAMPUS, THANJAVUR

GRADE XII QUESTION BANK SUB : CHEMISTRY

ONE MARK

1. Account for the following : Zn, Cd, Hg are considered as d-block elements but
not as transition elements.
2. Account for the following : Zn is not considered as a transition element.
3. What are the transition elements? Write two characteristics of the transition
elements.
4.Why are Zn, Cd and Hg non-transition elements?
5. Which transition metal of 3d series does not show variable oxidation states?
6. Why do transition metals and their compounds show catalytic activity?
7. Why are melting points of transition metals high?
8. Why is Cu2+ ion coloured while Zn2+ ion is colourless in aqueous solution?
9. Out of zinc and tin, whose coating is better to protect iron objects?
10. Out of the following transition elements, the maximum number of oxidation
states are shown by
a) Sc (Z = 21) b) Cr (Z = 24) c) Mn (Z = 25) d) Fe (Z = 26).
11. Assertion (A) : Transition metals have high melting point.
Reason (R) : Transition metals have completely filled d-orbitals.
12. Account for the following : Copper(I) compounds are white whereas copper(II)
compounds are coloured.
13. Write the formula of an oxoanion of chromium (Cr) in which it shows the
oxidation state equal to its group number.
14. Write the formula of an oxoanion of manganese (Mn) in which it shows the
oxidation state equal to its group number.
15. How would you account for the following : Transition metals form coloured
compounds?
16. Zn2+ salts are white while Cu2+ salts are coloured. Why?
17. Why do transition elements show variable oxidation states?
18. Assign reason for the following : Copper (I) ion is not known in aqueous
solution.
19. Explain giving reasons : Transition metals and their compounds generally
exhibit a paramagnetic behaviour.

TWO MARK

20. Calculate the spin-only moment of Co2+ (Z = 27) by writing the electronic
configuration of Co and Co2+.
21. Give reason and select one atom/ion which will exhibit asked property : (i)
Sc3+ or Cr3+ (exhibit diamagnetic behaviour) (ii) Cr or Cu (high melting and
boiling point)
22. Give reasons for the following : (i) Transition metals form alloys. (ii) Mn2O3 is
basic whereas Mn2O7 is acidic.
23. Use the data to answer the following and also justify giving reasons :

(i) Which is a stronger reducing agent in aqueous medium, Cr2+ or Fe2+ and why?

(ii) Which is the most stable ion in +2 oxidation state and why?

24. (i) How is the variability in oxidation states of transition metals different from that of
the p-block elements? (ii) Out of Cu+ and Cu2+, which ion is unstable in aqueous
solution and why?

25. Account for the following : (i) Transition metals show variable oxidation states.

(ii) Zn, Cd and Hg are soft metals.

26. Give reasons : (i) Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7 with oxygen but with
fluorine it shows the highest oxidation state of +4. (ii) Transition metals show
variable oxidation states.

27. Account for the following : (i) Transition metals show variable oxidation states. (ii)
Cu+ ion is unstable in aqueous solution.

28. Why do transition elements show variable oxidation states? In 3d series (Sc to Zn),
which element shows the maximum number of oxidation states and why?

29. How would you account for the following : (i) Highest fluoride of Mn is MnF4
whereas the highest oxide is Mn2O7. (ii) Transition metals and their compounds
show catalytic properties.

30. What is meant by ‘disproportionation’? Give an example of a disproportionation

reaction in aqueous solution.

31. Account for the following : (i) Mn2+ is more stable than Fe2+ towards oxidation to
+3 state. (ii) The enthalpy of atomization is lowest for Zn in 3d series of the
transition elements.
32. (i) Write two characteristic of the transition elements. (ii) Which of the 3d-block
elements may not be regarded as the transition elements and why?

33. Assign a reason for each of the following observations : (i) The transition metals
(with the exception of Zn, Cd and Hg) are hard and have high melting and boiling
points. (ii) The ionisation enthalpies (first and second) in the first series of the
transition elements are found to vary irregularly.

34. Assign reasons for the following : (i) Copper(I) ion is not known to exist in aqueous
solutions. (ii) Both O2 and F2 stabilize high oxidation states of transition metals
but the ability of oxygen to do so exceeds that of fluorine.

35. Give reasons for the following : (i) Transition metals exhibit a wide range oxidation
states. (ii) Cobalt (II) is very stable in aqueous solutions but gets easily oxidised in
the presence of strong ligands.

36. Assign reasons for the following : (i) Cu(I) ion is not known to exist in aqueous
solutions. (ii) Transition metals are much harder than the alkali metals.

37. Assign reasons for the following : (i) Transition metals and many of their compounds
act as good catalysts. (ii) Transition metals generally form coloured compounds.

38. (i) Which metal in the first transition series (3d-series) exhibits +1 oxidation state
most frequently and why? (ii) Which of following cations are coloured in aqueous
solutions and why? Sc3+, V3+, Ti4+, Mn2+ (At. Nos. Sc = 21, V = 23, Ti = 22,
Mn = 25)

39. How would you account for the following? (i) Transition metals exhibit variable
oxidation states. (ii) Transition metals and their compounds act as catalyst.

40. How would you account for the following? (i) Many of the transition elements are
known to form interstitial compounds. (ii) The metallic radii of the third (5d) series
of transition metals are virtually the same as those of the corresponding group
member of the second (4d) series.

41. How would you account for the following? (i) With the same d-orbital configuration
(d4) Cr2+ is a reducing agent while Mn3+ is an oxidising agent. (ii) Most of the
transition metal ions exhibit characteristic colours in aqueous solutions.
42. How would you account for the following : (i) The E°M2+/M for copper is positive
(+0.34 V). Copper is the only metal in the first series of transition elements
showing this behaviour. (ii) The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition
metals are nearly the same as those of the corresponding members of the second
(4d) series

43. Explain the following observations : (i) Many of the transition elements are known to
form interstitial compounds. (ii) There is a general increase in density from
titanium (Z = 22) to copper (Z = 29).

44. Explain the following observations. (i) With the same d-orbital configuration (d4),
Cr2+ is a reducing agent while Mn3+ is an oxidising agent. (ii) There is hardly any
increase in atomic size with increasing atomic numbers in a series of transition
metals.

45. Explain the following : (i) The enthalpies of atomization of transition metals are quite
high. (ii) The transition metals and many of their compounds act as good catalysts.

46. Give reason : (i) Sc (21) is a transition element but Ca (20) is not. (ii) The Fe2+ is
much more easily oxidised to Fe3+ than Mn2+ to Mn3+.

47. How is the variability in oxidation states of transition elements different from that of
non-transition elements? Illustrate with examples.

48. Account for the following : i) Mn2+ compounds are more stable than Fe2+
compounds towards oxidation to their +3 state.

ii) Cr2+ is reducing and Mn3+ oxidizing when both have d4 configuration.

49. Assign reasons for each of the following : (i) Transition metals generally form
coloured compounds. (ii) Manganese exhibits the highest oxidation state of +7
among the 3rd series of transition elements.

50. How would you account for the following : (i) Cr2+ is reducing in nature while with
the same d-orbital configuration (d4) Mn3+ is an oxidising agent. (ii) In a
transition series of metals, the metal which exhibits the greatest number of
oxidation states occurs in the middle of the series.
51. State reasons for the following : (i) Cu (I) ion is not stable in an aqueous solution. (ii)
Unlike Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe3+ and the subsequent other V2+ ions of the 3d series of
elements, the 4d and the 5d series metals generally do not form stable cationic
species.

52. Explain giving a suitable reason for each of the following : (i) Transition metals and
their compounds are generally found to be good catalysts. (ii) Metal-metal bonding
is more frequent for the 4d and the 5d series of transition metals than that for the
3d series.

3 Mark

53. Following ions are given : Cr2+, Cu2+, Cu+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn3+ Identify the ion
which is (i) a strong reducing agent. (ii) unstable in aqueous solution. (iii) a strong
oxidising agent. Give suitable reason in each.

54. Give reasons : (i) Eº value for Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that
for Fe3+/Fe2+. (ii) Iron has higher enthalpy of atomization than that of copper. (iii)
Sc3+ is colourless in aqueous solution whereas Ti3+ is coloured.

55. Account the following : (i) Transition metals form large number of complex
compounds. (ii) The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic whereas the highest
oxide is amphoteric or acidic. (iii) E° value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is highly
positive (+1.57 V) as compared to Cr3+/Cr2+.

56. Following are the transition metal ions of 3d series : Ti4+, V2+, Mn3+, Cr3+ (Atomic
numbers : Ti = 22, V = 23, Mn = 25, Cr = 24) Answer the following : (i) Which
ion is most stable in aqueous solution and why? (ii) Which ion is strong oxidising
agent and why? (iii) Which ion is colourless and why?

57. Account for the following : (i) Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7 with
oxygen but with fluorine, it shows the highest oxidation state of +4. (ii) Cr2+ is a
strong reducing agent. (iii) Cu2+ salts are coloured, while Zn2+ salts are white.

58. From the given data of E° values,

answer the following questions : (i) Why is E°(Cu2+/Cu) value exceptionally
 positive? (ii) Why is E°(Mn2+/Mn) value highly negative as compared to other
elements? (iii) Which is a stronger reducing agent Cr2+ or Fe2+? Give reason.

59. Assign suitable reasons for the following : (i) The Mn2+ compounds are more stable
than Fe2+ towards oxidation to their +3 state. (ii) In the 3d series from Sc (Z = 21)
to Zn (Z = 30), the enthalpy of atomization of Zn is the lowest. (iii) Sc3+ is
colourless in aqueous solution whereas Ti3+ is coloured.

60. Give reasons for the following : (i) Mn3+ is a good oxidising agent. (ii) E°M2+/M
values are not regular for first row transition metals (3d-series). (iii) Although ‘F’
is more electronegative than ‘O’, the highest Mn fluoride is MnF4, whereas the
highest oxide is Mn2O7.

61. Give reasons : (i) d-block elements exhibit more oxidation states than f-block
elements. (ii) The enthalpies of atomization of the transition metals are high. (iii)
The variation in oxidation states of transition metals is of different type from that
of the non-transition metals.

62. Explain the following : (i) Copper (I) ion is not stable in an aqueous solution. (ii)
With same (d4) configuration Cr (II) is reducing whereas Mn (III) is oxidising. (iii)
Transition metals in general act as good catalysts.

63. How would you account for the following : (i) Metal-metal bonding is more
extensive in the 4d and 5d series of transition elements than the 3d series. (ii) Mn
(III) undergoes disproportionation reaction easily. (iii) Co (II) is easily oxidised in
the presence of strong ligands.

64. Account for the following : (i) The transition metals and their compounds act as good
catalysts. (ii) The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic, the highest is
amphoteric/acidic. (iii) A transition metal exhibits higher oxidation states in oxides
and fluorides.

5 Mark

65. The elements of 3d transition series are given as Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

Answer the following : (i) Write the element which shows maximum number of
oxidation states. Given reason. (ii) Which element has the highest melting point?
 (iii) Which element shows only +3 oxidation state? (iv) Which element is a strong
oxidising agent in +3 oxidation state and why?

Some Important Compounds of Transition Elements

66. Account for the following : Chromates change their colour when kept in an acidic
solution.

67. Orange colour of Cr2O72– ion changes to yellow when treated with an alkali. Why?

68. Complete the following equation : 2MnO4– + 6H+ + 5NO2–

69. Complete the following equation : 3MnO42– + 4H+

70. Complete the following equation : MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e–

71. Complete the following chemical equation: SO2 + MnO4– + H2O

72. Give reason : Orange solution of potassium dichromate turns yellow on adding
sodium hydroxide to it.

73. Write the balanced chemical equations involved in the preparation of KMnO4 from
pyrolusite ore (MnO2).

74. Write the balanced ionic equations showing the oxidising action of acidified
dichromate (Cr2O72–) solutions with (i) iron (II) ion and (ii) tin (II) ion

75. When MnO2 is fused with KOH in the presence of KNO3 as an oxidizing agent, it
gives a dark green compound (A). Compound (A) disproportionates in acidic
solution to give purple compound (B). An alkaline solution of compound (B)
oxidises KI to compound (C) whereas an acidified solution of compound (B)
oxidises KI to (D). Identify (A), (B), (C) and (D)

76. Complete and balance the following chemical equations :

(i) Fe2+ + MnO–4 + H+ (ii) MnO–4 + H2O + I–

77. Complete the following equations :

(i) 2MnO–4 + 16H+ + 5S2– → (ii) KMnO4 + Heat→

78. When chromite ore FeCr2O4 is fused with NaOH in presence of air, a yellow coloured
compound (A) is obtained which on acidification with dilute sulphuric acid gives a
compound (B). Compound (B) on reaction with KCl forms an orange coloured
crystalline compound (C). (i) Write the formulae of the compounds (A), (B) and
(C). (ii) Write one use of compound (C).

79. Complete the following chemical equations :

(i) 8MnO4– + 3S2O32– + H2O → (ii) Cr2O72– + 3Sn2+ + 14H+ →

80. Complete the following equations.

(i) 2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2 (ii) Cr2O72– + 14H+ + 6I–

81. Describe the preparation of potassium permanganate. How does the acidified
permanganate solution react with oxalic acid? Write the ionic equations for the
reaction.

82. Describe the oxidising action of potassium dichromate and write the ionic equations
for its reaction with (i) an iodide (ii) H2S.

83. How do you prepare : (i) K2MnO4 from MnO2? (ii) Na2Cr2O7 from Na2CrO4?

84. Complete the following equations : (i) Cr2O7 2– + 2OH– (ii) MnO4– + 4H+ + 3e–
(AI 2014)

85. Complete the following equations : (i) 2MnO4– + 5S2– + 16H+ → (ii) Cr2O72– +
2OH– → (Foreign 2014)

86. Complete the following equations : (i) 2CrO42– + 2H+ (ii) KMnO4 Heat (AI 2013)

87. Complete the following chemical equations : (i) Cr2O72– + H+ + I– (ii) MnO4– +
NO2– + H+ (Delhi 2012)

88. Complete the following chemical equations : (i) MnO–4(aq) + S2O2–3(aq) + H2O(l)
→ (ii) Cr2O2–7(aq) + Fe2+(aq) + H+(aq) → (AI 2011)

89. Complete the following reactions in an aqueous medium : (i) MnO4– + C2O42– +
H+ → (ii) Cr2O72– + H2S + H+ →

90. Complete the following chemical equations : (i) Fe3+ + I– → (ii) CrO42– + H+ →
91. Describe the reactions involved in the preparation of K2Cr2O7 from chromite ore.

(3 marks)

92. Explain the method of preparation of sodium dichromate from chromite ore. Give the
equation representing oxidation of ferrous salts by dichromate ion.

93. Complete the following reactions. (i) MnO2 + KOH + O2 → (ii) I– + MnO4– + H+
→ (iii) Cr2O72– + Sn2+ + H+ →

94. Complete the following chemical equations : (i) Cr2O72– + 6Fe2+ + 14H+ → (ii)
2CrO42– + 2H+ → (iii) 2MnO4– + 5C2O42– + 16H+ → (Delhi 2013)

95. Describe the preparation of potassium permanganate from pyrolusite ore. Write
balanced chemical equation for one reaction to show the oxidizing nature of
potassium permanganate.

96. Describe the preparation of potassium dichromate from chromite ore. What is the
effect of change of pH on dichromate ion?

97. Describe the preparation of potassium permanganate from pyrolusite ore. What
happens when acidified potassium permanganate solution reacts with ferrous
sulphate solution? Write balanced chemical equations. 98. Complete the following
chemical equations : (i) MnO4– + C2O42– + H+ (ii) KMnO4 Heated (iii)
Cr2O72– + H2S + H+

98. Complete the following chemical equations : (i) MnO4– + C2O42– + H+ (ii) KMnO4
Heated (iii) Cr2O72– + H2S + H+

The Lanthanoids (1 mark)

99. Give reasons for the following : Eu2+ is a strong reducing agent.

100. Account for the following : Zr and Hf have almost similar atomic radii. (1/5, AI
2015)

101. Name a member of the lanthanoid series which is well known to exhibit +2
oxidation state.

102. Name a member of the lanthanoid series which is well known to exhibit +4
oxidation state.
103. What are the different oxidation states exhibited by the lanthanoids?

104. How would you account for the following : Zr (Z = 40) and Hf (Z = 72) have almost
identical radii.

105. How would you account for the following : Among lanthanoids, Ln(III) compounds
are predominant. However, occasionally in solutions or in solid compounds, +2
and +4 ions are also obtained.

106. Give reason : There is a gradual decrease in the size of atoms with increasing atomic
number in the series of lanthanoids.

107. What is meant by ‘lanthanoid contraction’?

(2 marks)

108. What is lanthanoid contraction? What are its two consequences?

109. What is lanthanoid contraction and what is it due to? Write two consequences of
lanthanoid contraction.

110. What is lanthanoid contraction? Mention its main consequences.

111. What is lanthanoid contraction? What are the consequences of lanthanoid

contraction?

112. What is lanthanoid contraction? What is its effect on the chemistry of the elements
which follow the lanthanoids?

The Actinoids

113. Write one similarity and one difference between the chemistry of lanthanoid and
actinoid elements. (1/5, Delhi 2017)

114. Chemistry of actinoids is complicated as compared to lanthanoids. Give two

reasons. (1/5, Delhi 2017)

115. Give reasons : Actinoids show irregularities in their electronic configurations. (1/3,
Delhi 2016)

116. How would you account for the following : Actinoid contraction is greater than
lanthanoid contraction? (1/3, Delhi 2015)
117. Give reasons for the following : Actinoids exhibit a greater range of oxidation states
than lanthanoids. (1/3, AI 2014C, Delhi, AI 2012, 1/2, Delhi 2011)

118. Assign reasons for the following : From element to element actinoid contraction is
greater than the lanthanoid contraction. (1/3, AI 2014C)

119. How would you account for the following : Lanthanoids form primarily +3 ions,
while the actinoids usually have higher oxidation states in their compounds, +4 or
even +6 being typical.

120. Explain giving reasons : The chemistry of actinoids is not as smooth as that of
lanthanoids.

(2 marks)

121. Why do actinoids show a wide range of oxidation states? Write one similarity
between the chemistry of lanthanoids and actinoids.

122. With reference to structural variability and chemical reactivity, write the differences
between lanthanoids and actinoids.

123. Give three points of difference between lanthanoids and actinoids.