MA-1-02 (TO): Linear Algebra and Differential Equations
©Indian Institute of Technology Jammu
Assignment -III
January 30, 2024
1. Let
U1 = {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 0} and U2 = {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 − x2 + x3 = 0}
be subspaces of the vector space R3 .
(a) Find bases for U1 , U2 and U1 ∩ U2 .
(b) Determine the dimension of U1 + U2 .
(c) Describe U1 , U2 , U1 ∩ U2 and U1 + U2 geometrically.
2. Let V = M2×2 (F). Find a basis {A1 , A2 , A3 , A4 } for V such that A2j = Aj for each
j.
3. Let W be the subspace of M2×2 (R) consisting of the symmetric 2 × 2 matrices. Show
that the set
n 1 −2 0 −1 1 2 2 1 −1
2 o
S= , , , ,
−2 4 −1 1 2 3 1 9 2 −1
generates W . Find a subset of S that is a basis for W .
4. Find bases for the row space, the column space and the null space for each of the
following matrices:
0 1 −1 −2 1
1 2 1 5 1 3 2 1 1 −1 3 1
(a) 2 4 −3 0 (b) 2 6 4 2 1 −1
(c) 8 3
1 2 −1 1 3 9 6 0 0 −2 2 1
3 5 −5 5 10
In each of (a) and (b), find a basis for the row space consisting entirely of the row
vectors of the given matrix.
5. Find the rank and nullity of the matrices given in Question 4, and also verify the
dimension theorem for matrices.
6. Find a subset of S = {p1 , p2 , p3 , p4 } that forms a basis of the vector space P2 of
all polynomials of degree ≤ 2, where p1 = 1 − x + x2 , p2 = x − x2 , p3 = x, p4 =
7−x+2x2 . Express the vectors in S that are not in the basis as a linear combination
of the basis vectors.
1
7. Let A be a square matrix of size n ≥ 1. Let N (B) denote the null space of any
matrix B. Show that the following hold.
(a) The null spaces of the powers of A satisfy
{0} = N (A0 ) ⊆ N (A) ⊆ . . . ⊆ N (Am )
for any non-negative integer m.
(b) If there exist a positive integer m such that N (Am ) = N (Am+1 ), then N (Am ) =
N (Am+j ) for any integer j ≥ 1.
(c) N (An ) = N (An+j ) for any j ≥ 1.
1 1 2 a
8. Let A = 2 2 3. Find all the real numbers a and b such that b is in the
3 3 4 a+b
a
column space of A. Are there real numbers a and b such that b can be written
a+b
as a unique linear combination of the column vectors of A?
9. (a) Let V be the subspace of P3 of all polynomials of the form a0 +a1 x+a2 x2 +a3 x3
where a1 = a2 . Find a basis of V . What is dim(V )?
(b) Let W be the subset of P2 of all polynomials f (x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 such that
f (1) = 0. Show that W is a subspace. Find a basis of W . What is dim(W )?
10. Find a basis and the dimension of the solution space of the homogeneous system:
x1 + 3x2 − 2x3 + 2x5 = 0
2x1 + 6x2 − 5x3 − 2x4 + 4x5 − 3x6 = 0
5x3 + 10x4 + 15x6 = 0
11. Let U1 and U2 be two subspaces of a vector space V . Show that U1 + U2 is also a
subspace of V . Further, show that span(U1 ∪ U2 ) = U1 + U2 .
12. Find a subset of the vectors
v1 = (2, 0, −3), v2 = (5, 3, −6), v3 = (1, 3, 0), v4 = (2, −1, 4), v5 = (5, 1, 2)
that form a basis for the subspace spanned by these vectors. Express each vector
not in the basis as a linear combination of the basis vectors.
Due date: February 9, 2024.
