Differentiation

Geometrical interpretation of the rate change

The slope of the tangent of the function 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 at the point
𝑓 𝑥1 +ℎ − 𝑓 𝑥1
𝑥1 , 𝑓 𝑥1 = tan 𝛼 = lim = the rate of change of the
ℎ→0 ℎ
function at 𝑥 = 𝑥1
The first derivative of a function
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
The expression lim has a unique value at every
ℎ→0 ℎ
value of 𝑥 ∈ the domain of the function, hence it is a function
in 𝑥. This function is called ‘’the derivative function’’ , ‘’the
first derivative of the function’’ or ‘’ the first differential
coefficient’’
Definition
If 𝑓: 𝑎 , 𝑏 𝑅 and ∈ 𝑎 , 𝑏 , then
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = lim in a condition that this limit is existed.
ℎ→0 ℎ
If 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 , then the first derivative of the function is denoted by:
𝑑𝑦 \ \ 𝑑𝑦
, 𝑦 , 𝑓 𝑥 or 𝑓 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Remarks
𝑑𝑦
1) The symbol is mathematical expression not defined as the quotient of 𝑑𝑦 by
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 but it means ‘’The derivative of 𝑦 with respect to 𝑥’’ and read as ‘’𝑑𝑦 by
𝑑𝑥’’
2) The slope of the tangent to the curve of the function 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 at the point
𝑥1 , 𝑓 𝑥1 = 𝑓 \ 𝑥1
Differentiability of a function at a point
It is said that the function 𝑓 is differentiable when 𝑥 = 𝑎 (where a
belongs to the domain of the function) if and only if 𝑓 \ 𝑎 is existed
\ 𝑓 𝑎+ℎ −𝑓 𝑎
where 𝑓 𝑎 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
• If the derivative is found for the function 𝑓 at each point belongs to
the interval 𝑐 , 𝑑 , we say that the function is differentiable in this
interval.
• Any Polynomial function is differentiable
Right and left derivatives
If 𝑥 = 𝑎 belongs to the domain of the function 𝑓 and the function rule on the right
of 𝑎 differs from its rule on the left of 𝑎 , then when we discuss the
differentiability at 𝑥 = 𝑎 we must discuss the right and left derivatives of the
function at 𝑥 = 𝑎 and compare between them where
𝑓 𝑎+ℎ −𝑓 𝑎
The right derivative of the function = 𝑓\ 𝑎+ = lim+
ℎ→0 ℎ

\ − 𝑓 𝑎+ℎ −𝑓 𝑎
And the left derivative of the function = 𝑓 𝑎 = lim−
ℎ→0 ℎ
The relation between the differentiation and continuity
Theorem (without proof)
If the function 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 𝑎, then it is continuous
at this point
Remarks
1)The discussion of continuity or differentiability of a function at a
point we notice that the function must be defined at this point
➢This point must be defined at this point
1)If the function is continuous at a point, then it is not necessary to
be differentiable at this point while if the function is differentiable
at a point, then it must be continuous at this point.
2)If the function is not continuous at a point, then is not
differentiable at this point.
1) Using the definition of derivative, find the derivative of the function 𝑓 where
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 5, when 𝑥 = 3 and show the geometric meaning of the derivative of
the function when 𝑥 = 3

2
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 −5
\
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑣 ℎ =𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
2
𝑣 ℎ = 𝑥+ℎ − 5 − 𝑥2 − 5

𝑣 ℎ = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 − 5 − 𝑥 2 − 5 = 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2
 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 ℎ 2𝑥 + ℎ
𝐴 ℎ = = = 2𝑥 + ℎ
ℎ ℎ

𝑓 \ 𝑥 = lim 2𝑥 + ℎ = 2𝑥 = 2 × 3 = 6
ℎ→0

The geometrical meaning that is the slope of the tangent of the curve of
the function at 𝑥 = 3 is 6
2) Using the definition of the derivative, find 𝑓 \ 𝑥 for the following functions:
a) 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 − 7

\
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑣 ℎ =𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥

𝑣 ℎ = 5 𝑥 + ℎ − 7 − 5𝑥 − 7

𝑣 ℎ = 5𝑥 + 5ℎ − 7 − 5𝑥 − 7 = 5ℎ
5ℎ \
𝐴 ℎ = =5 𝑓 𝑥 = lim 5 = 5
ℎ ℎ→0
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 5
\
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑣 ℎ =𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
2
𝑣 ℎ = 𝑥+ℎ + 5 − 𝑥2 + 5

𝑣 ℎ = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 + 5 − 𝑥 2 + 5 = 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2
2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 ℎ 2𝑥 + ℎ
𝐴 ℎ = = = 2𝑥 + ℎ
ℎ ℎ
𝑓 \ 𝑥 = lim 2𝑥 + ℎ = 2𝑥
ℎ→0
𝑐) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 − 2

𝑣 ℎ =𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
3
𝑣 ℎ = 𝑥+ℎ − 2 − 𝑥3 − 2
3
𝑣 ℎ = 𝑥+ℎ − 𝑥3
3 3
𝑥+ℎ −𝑥
𝐴 ℎ =
ℎ
3 3 3 3
\
𝑥+ℎ −𝑥 𝑥+ℎ −𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = lim = lim = 3𝑥 2
ℎ→0 ℎ 𝑥+ℎ→𝑥 𝑥+ℎ −𝑥
 1
d) 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥

1 1 𝑥 − 𝑥 + ℎ −ℎ
𝑉 ℎ = − = =
𝑥 + ℎ 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 + ℎ 𝑥 𝑥 + ℎ

−1
𝐴 ℎ =
𝑥 𝑥 + ℎ

−1 −1
𝑓 \ 𝑥 = lim = 2
ℎ→0 𝑥 𝑥 + ℎ 𝑥
e) 𝑓 𝑥 = 6 𝑥 + 3

6 𝑥+ℎ+3− 𝑥+3
𝑉 ℎ =6 𝑥+ℎ+3−6 𝑥+3 𝐴 ℎ =
ℎ

\
𝑥+ℎ+3− 𝑥+3 𝑥+ℎ+3+ 𝑥+3
𝑓 𝑥 = 6lim ×
ℎ→0 ℎ 𝑥+ℎ+3+ 𝑥+3

𝑥+ℎ+3 − 𝑥+3 6 6
=6 = =
ℎ× 𝑥+ℎ+3+ 𝑥+3 𝑥+3+ 𝑥+3 2 𝑥+3
3
=
𝑥+3
3) Using the definition of the derivative, find the derivative of the
function 𝑓, then find the slope of the tangent to the curve of the
function 𝑓 at the indicated point:
𝑎) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 at the point −2 , 7

𝑣 ℎ =𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
2
𝑣 ℎ = 𝑥+ℎ − 𝑥 + ℎ + 1 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1

𝑣 ℎ = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 − 𝑥 − ℎ + 1 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1

𝑣 ℎ = 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 − ℎ
 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 − ℎ ℎ 2𝑥 + ℎ − 1
𝐴 ℎ = = = 2𝑥 + ℎ − 1
ℎ ℎ

𝑓 \ 𝑥 = lim 2𝑥 + ℎ − 1 = 2𝑥 − 1 = 2 × −2 − 1 = −5
ℎ→0
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = 3 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 7 at the point −1 , 6

By the same way the result is – 2

4) Prove that the function 𝑓: 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 is differentiable at
𝑥=1

𝑣 ℎ =𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥

𝑣 ℎ = 𝑥+ℎ 2 − 𝑥 + ℎ + 1 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1

𝑣 ℎ = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 − 𝑥 − ℎ + 1 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1

𝑣 ℎ = 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 − ℎ

2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 − ℎ ℎ 2𝑥 + ℎ − 1
𝐴 ℎ = = = 2𝑥 + ℎ − 1
ℎ ℎ
 \
𝑓 𝑥 = lim 2𝑥 + ℎ − 1 = 2𝑥 − 1 = 2 × 1 − 1 = 1
ℎ→0

∴ 𝑓 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 1
5) Discuss the continuity and the differentiability of each of the
following functions at the indicated point:

2𝑥 2 + 1 , 𝑥 ≥ 2
a) 𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ at 𝑥 = 2
𝑥+5 , 𝑥<2

𝑓 2 = 2 × 22 + 1 = 9
𝑓 2+ = 2 × 22 + 1 = 9

𝑓 2 −
=2+5=7 𝑓 2+ ≠ 𝑓 2−

∴ 𝑓 is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 2 ∴ 𝑓 is not differentiable at = 2

 𝑥2 , 𝑥>2
𝑏) 𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ at 𝑥 = 2
4𝑥 − 1 , 𝑥 ≤ 2

𝑓 2 =7
+ −
𝑓 2 =4 𝑓 2 =7

∴ 𝑓 is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 2

∴ 𝑓 is not differentiable at = 2
6) Discuss the differentially of each of the following functions at the
indicated points:

𝑥2 + 2 , 𝑥 ≥ 1
a) 𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ at 𝑥 = 1
2𝑥 + 1 , 𝑥 < 1
𝑥+ℎ 2 + 2 − 𝑥2 + 2
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
𝑓 \ 2+ = lim = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 + 2 − 𝑥 2 + 2 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 ℎ 2𝑥 + ℎ
= lim = lim = lim = lim 2𝑥 + ℎ
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0

= 2𝑥 = 2 × 1 = 2
\ −
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥 2 𝑥 + ℎ + 1 − 2𝑥 + 1
𝑓 2 = lim = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ

2𝑥 + 2ℎ + 1 − 2𝑥 + 1 2ℎ
= lim = lim =2
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ

∵ 𝑓 \ 2+ = 𝑓 \ 2−

∴ 𝑓 is differentiable at = 1
 2𝑥 − 3 , 𝑥 ≤ 1
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ 2 at 𝑥 = 1
𝑥 −2 , 𝑥 >1

By the same way and 𝑓 is differentiable at = 1

 𝑥 2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≤ 2
7) Show that the function 𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ is
𝑥 + 2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 > 2
not – differentiable when 𝑥 = 2

2 22 2 2
𝑥 + ℎ − 𝑥 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 ℎ + ℎ − 𝑥
𝑓 \ 2+ = lim = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ
= 2𝑥 + ℎ = 4

𝑥+ℎ +2 − 𝑥+2
𝑓 \ 2− = lim =1
ℎ→0 ℎ

∴ 𝑓 is not differentiable at 𝑥 = 2
8) Discuss the differentiability of each of the following functions at the
indicated points:
𝑥−1
a) 𝑓 𝑥 = at 𝑥 = 2
𝑥+1

𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅 − −1

\
1 2+ℎ−1 1 1 1+ℎ 1
𝑓 𝑥 = − = lim −
ℎ 2+ℎ+1 3 ℎ→0 ℎ 3 + ℎ 3
1 3 + 3ℎ − 3 − ℎ 2 2
= lim = lim =
ℎ→0 ℎ 3 3+ℎ ℎ→0 3 3 + ℎ 9
∴ 𝑓 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 2
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 4 at 𝑥 = 4

𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 4 ≥ 0
𝑥≥4

𝑥+ℎ−4− 𝑥−4 ℎ 1
lim = =
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ ℎ

∴ 𝑓 is not differentiable at 𝑥 = 4
c) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2 at 𝑥 = 2

𝑥−2 𝑥 ≥2
ቊ
−𝑥 + 2 𝑥 < 2

\ +
𝑥+ℎ−2 − 𝑥−2
∴ 𝑓 2 = =1
ℎ

\ −
− 𝑥 + ℎ + 2 − −𝑥 + 2
𝑓 2 = = −1
ℎ
∴ 𝑓 is not differentiable at 𝑥 = 2
9) If each of the following functions is continuous at the indicated point, then
find the value of 𝑎 , then discuss the differentiability of these functions at
same point:

𝑥+1 , 𝑥≤1
a) 𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ at 𝑥 = 1
3 − 𝑎𝑥 2 , 𝑥 > 1

−
𝑓 1 =2
𝑓 1+ = 3 − 𝑎
3−𝑎 =2

𝑎=1
 𝑥+1 , 𝑥≤1
𝑓 𝑥 =ቊ
3 − 𝑥2 , 𝑥>1

3− 𝑥+ℎ 2 − 3 − 𝑥2
𝑓 \ 𝑥 + = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

3 − 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 − 3 − 𝑥2
𝑓\ 𝑥+ = lim = lim −2𝑥 − ℎ = −2𝑥 = −2
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0

𝑥+ℎ +1 − 𝑥+1
𝑓\ 𝑥− = lim = lim 1 = 1
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0

The function is not differentiable

 𝑎𝑥 2 + 1 , 𝑥 ≥ 2
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ at 𝑥 = 2
4𝑥 − 3 , 𝑥 < 2

𝑓 2− = 4 × 2 − 3 = 5

𝑓 2+ = 4𝑎 + 1

4𝑎 + 1 = 5

𝑎=1
 𝑥2 + 1 , 𝑥≥2
𝑓 𝑥 =ቊ
4𝑥 − 3 , 𝑥<2

𝑥+ℎ 2 + 1 − 𝑥2 + 1 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 + 1 − 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑓 \ 2+ = lim = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ

2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2
= lim = lim 2𝑥 + ℎ = 2𝑥 = 4
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0

4 𝑥 + ℎ − 3 − 4𝑥 − 3
𝑓\ 2− = lim =4
ℎ→0 ℎ

∴ The function is differentiable

 Rules of differentiation
1) Derivative of the constant function

If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎 where 𝑎 is a real number, then 𝑓 \ 𝑥 = 0

Example:

➢If 𝑓 𝑥 = 4 , then 𝑓 \ 𝑥 =0
 𝑛
2) Derivative of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑛 where 𝑛 ∈ 𝑅, then 𝑓 \ 𝑥 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
Example:

➢If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 , then 𝑓 \ 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3

If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥 𝑛 where 𝑎 is a constant, then 𝑓 \ 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛−1

Example:

➢If 𝑓 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 5 , then 𝑓 \ 𝑥 = 10 𝑥 4
3) Derivative of the sum or difference between two functions
If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are two differentiable functions with respect to the variable
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 ± 𝑔 𝑥 , then = 𝑓 \ 𝑥 ± 𝑔\ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
In general:
If 𝑓1 , 𝑓2 , ........... , 𝑓𝑛 are differentiable functions with respect to the
variable 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑓1 𝑥 ± 𝑓2 𝑥 ± ............. ± 𝑓𝑛 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
, then = 𝑓 \1 𝑥 ± 𝑓 \ 2 𝑥 ± ............ ± 𝑓 \ 𝑛 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Example:
➢If 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 7 , then 𝑓 \ 𝑥 = 10 𝑥 + 2
4) Derivative of the product of two functions

If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are two differentiable functions with respect to 𝑥 and

𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 × 𝑔 𝑥 , then = 𝑓 𝑥 × 𝑔\ 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 × 𝑓 \ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
• = The first × derivative of the second + the second × derivative
𝑑𝑥
of the first
Corollary

If 𝑓 , 𝑔 , ℎ are three differentiable functions with respect to 𝑥 and

𝑑𝑦
= 𝑓 𝑥 × 𝑔 𝑥 × ℎ 𝑥 , then = 𝑓 \ 𝑥 × 𝑔 𝑥 × ℎ 𝑥 + 𝑔\ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
× 𝑓 𝑥 × ℎ 𝑥 + ℎ\ 𝑥 × 𝑓 𝑥 × 𝑔 𝑥
5) Derivative of the quotient of two functions
𝑓 𝑥
If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are two differentiable functions with respect to 𝑥 and 𝑦 =
𝑔 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑔 𝑥 ×𝑓\ 𝑥 − 𝑓 𝑥 × 𝑔\ 𝑥
where 𝑔 𝑥 ≠ 0, then: = 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑔 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 − 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟

=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 2
1)Find the first derivative of each of the following:

1) 𝑦 = 5𝑥

𝑦\ = 5
2) 𝑦 = 𝑥 4

\ 3
𝑦 = 4𝑥
 4
3) 𝑦 = 𝜋 𝑥3
3

4
𝑦 = 𝜋 × 3𝑥 2 = 4𝜋𝑥 2
\
3
 3
4) 𝑦 =
𝑥2

−2
𝑦 = 3𝑥

−6
𝑦 \ = −2 × 3𝑥 −3 = −6𝑥 −3 = 3
𝑥
 −4
5) 𝑦 =
𝑥5

−5
𝑦 = −4𝑥

\ −6 −6 20
𝑦 = −4 × −5𝑥 = 20𝑥 = 6
𝑥
 8 5
6) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 1

𝑦 \ = 24 𝑥 7 − 10𝑥 4 +6
7) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 6 + 𝑥 −9

𝑦 \ = 12𝑥 5 − 9𝑥 −10
2) Find the first derivative of each of the following:
3
1) 𝑦 = 𝑥5
5
𝑦= 𝑥3

5 2 5 3
𝑦\ = 𝑥3 = 𝑥2
3 3
 6
2) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 𝑥

1
𝑦 = 2𝑥 6 + 3𝑥 2

\ 5
3 −
1
𝑦 = 12𝑥 + 𝑥 2
2

3 1
𝑦 \ = 12𝑥 5 + ×
2 𝑥
 2
3) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3𝑥 − 𝑥

1 1
3 1
2
𝑦 = 𝑥 3𝑥 − 𝑥2 = 3𝑥 − 𝑥 2

1 1
2
1
𝑦 \ = 9𝑥 2 − 1 𝑥 2 = 9𝑥 − 1 𝑥
2 2
 𝑥 −2 𝑥
4) 𝑦 =
𝑥

1
𝑦 =1− 2𝑥 2

1 1
\ −
𝑦 = −𝑥 2 =−
𝑥
3) Find the first derivative of each of the following:

1) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5 4𝑥 − 7

\
𝑦 = 1 4𝑥 − 7 + 4 𝑥 − 5 = 4𝑥 − 7 + 4𝑥 − 20 = 8𝑥 − 27
 2 3
2) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 1

\ 3 2 2
𝑦 = 2𝑥 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 1 + 3𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 3
 2 3
3) 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 1 7𝑥 + 𝑥 at 𝑥 = 1

𝑦 \ = 8𝑥 7𝑥 3 +𝑥 + 21𝑥 2 +1 4𝑥 2 −1

= 130
4) Find the first derivative of each of the following:
4
1) 𝑦 =
𝑥2
−2
𝑦 = 4𝑥

\ −3 −3
−8
𝑦 = −2 × 4𝑥 = −8𝑥 = 3
𝑥
 5𝑥−2
2) 𝑦 =
5𝑥+1

5𝑥 + 1 5 − 5𝑥 − 2 5 25𝑥 + 5 − 25𝑥 + 10 15
𝑦\ = = = 2
5𝑥 + 1 2 5𝑥 + 1 2 5𝑥 + 1
 5𝑥 − 7
3) 𝑦 =
3 𝑥 − 11

\
3𝑥 − 11 5 − 5𝑥 − 7 (3)
𝑦 =
3𝑥 − 11 2

15𝑥 − 55 − 15𝑥 + 21 −34

= 2
= 2
3𝑥 − 11 3𝑥 − 11
5) Find the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 if each of the following
functions is differentiable at the indicated point:

𝑥3 + 4 , 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑎) 𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ at 𝑥 = 1
𝑎𝑥+𝑏 , 𝑥 >1

∵ 𝑓 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 1 𝑎+𝑏 =5 𝑎=3

∴ 𝑓 is continuous at 𝑥 = 1 𝑓 \ 1+ = 𝑓 \ 1− ∴𝑏=2

∴ 𝑓 1 + = 𝑓 1− 3𝑥 2 = 𝑎
 𝑥2 − 𝑎 , 𝑥 ≤ 2
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = ቊ at 𝑥 = 2
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 , 𝑥 > 2

+ −
𝑓 2 =𝑓 2 2𝑥 = 𝑎

4 − 𝑎 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎=4

3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4 3×4+𝑏 =4

\ + \ − 𝑏 = −8
𝑓 2 =𝑓 2
 𝑥 3 −1 4 𝑑𝑦
6) If 𝑦 = , then prove that: 𝑥 =3
𝑥3 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑥 3 × 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 − 1 × 3𝑥 2 3𝑥 5 − 3𝑥 5 + 3𝑥 2
= 6
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥6
3 2
3𝑥
= 6 = 4
𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 4 3
∴ ×𝑥 = × 𝑥 4
= 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 4