Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Mandaue City
South District
MAPEH 9
QUARTER 1
ARTS:
PRE-HISTORIC AND ANCIENT ARTS
Ancient arts are like windows of life at dawn of civilization showing how people lived and
what they believed. Prehistoric art dates back to the time before people kept written records
about their culture, ideas, beliefs and living customs. The ancient arts maybe divided into.
✓ Paleolithic period or Old Stone Age
✓ Neolithic period or New Stone Age
During the old stone age or Paleolithic period man lived in danger, hunger and fear and a
struggle to survive from extreme cold and wild animals. Caves were dwelling places for the people
during the Paleolithic period.
Most art work during this period were cave paintings hunting rituals. Models of animals were
made of clay, bones. Shells and ivory.
Venus figures are characterized
by shared stylistic features, such
as an oval shape, large belly,
wide-set thighs, large breasts, and
the typical absence of arms and
feet.
The New Stone Age or Neolithic period saw the development in the building of structures
in the form of Megalith a post and lintel system where a crossbeam is placed above two post.
The most famous of this is the Stonehenge in England.
The name of the monument probably derives from the Saxon stan-hengen, meaning “stone
hanging”.
THE ANCIENT ART
During the Ancient period different major civilization developed in at different major parts of
the globe:
✓ Egypt
✓ China
✓ India
✓ Mesopotamia
✓ Rome
✓ Greece
Ancient Egyptian Culture
Ancient Egypt developed along the banks of the Nile before 3000BC. The arts of ancient
Egypt reflect the endurance and solid foundation of their culture. Egypt was ruled by a leader
called Pharaoh, who was also considered as their God.
The word “pharaoh” means “Great House”, a reference to the palace where the pharaoh resides.
The greatest achievement of the Egyptian art was architecture in the construction of the
great pyramid. The first pyramid was built as tombs for the Pharaoh and other important people.
The tombs were decorated with Stele, a carved stone slab used as monument.
Ancient Chinese Arts and Culture
The history of China is divided into periods known as dynasties or ruling class. The Shang
Dynasty began around 1766 BC.
The ancient Chinese were skilled in all areas of art specially in bronze.
Wu Ding was the 23rd king
of the Shang dynasty and
lived around 1200 BCE.
Ruling for 59 years, he
demonstrated concern for
the people while respecting
and recruiting virtuous and
capable people for his
administration, paving the
way for the heyday of the
Shang dynasty.
Ancient India Arts and Culture
Ancient Indian Art showed that these people have mastered the making of bricks since
2500-5000BC. They were also making relief carvings in soap and also the art of urban planning.
Mesopotamian Arts and Culture
Mesopotamia is the region that lies in the fertile crescent of land between the Tigris and
Euphrates.
The Sumerians were the first people in Mesopotamia to follows a system of writing
called Cuneiform. This system is made up of wedge-shaped characters, that were written on
clay tablets.
Art of Ancient Greece
The city of Athens was the artistic and philosophical center of classical Greek civilization.
Greek civilization passed through these broad stages:
✓ Archaic Period
✓ Classical Period
✓ Hellenistic Period
During the Archaic Period, the Greeks assimilated influences from Egypt. Greek paintings
were similar to the style of Egyptian painting.
In the Classical Period, Greek artists and sculptures showed greater interest in showing
the naturalistic form of the human body. The Greeks also developed the three-column style of
architecture:
✓ Doric – a simple, geometric style
✓ Ionic – taller and more dynamic
✓ Corinthian – complex and organic
Above the city, on a large rock
outcropping called the Acropolis, the
Athenians built one of the world’s
most admired structures, the
Parthenon.
The Hellenistic Period is referred to as the time when artists portray the ordinary
human figure. The Greeks also became more dynamic and less idealized.
Ancient Art of Rome
The Romans were a practical, naturalistic people and their art reflect their way of life.
The Roman’s greatest artistic achievement is in civil engineering, town planning, and
architecture. They created utilitarian and religious structures of impressive beauty and
grandeur. The Romans developed the ability to build the large dome and vaulted interiors to
accommodate their preference for gathering.
The Roman Colosseum
- was commissioned around A.D. 70-72 by
Emperor Vespasian of the Flavian dynasty as a
gift to the Roman people.
- In A.D. 80, Vespasian’s son Titus opened the
Colosseum—officially known as the Flavian
Amphitheater—with 100 days of games,
including gladiatorial combats and wild animal
fights.
ANNO DOMINI
Ancient of the Middle Ages
The period of history beginning about 500 AD is known as the Middle Ages or the
Medieval Times.
Sculpture and painting were used to express ideas of the times which is considered the
Dark Ages. The architecture found expression in magnificent churches.
The art and architecture during the middle age include
✓ Byzantine art,
✓ Romanesque, and
✓ Gothic.
Byzantine Art
The Byzantine Empire lies
in the Eastern part of the later
Roman Empire (385-1463) and its
capital was Constantinople.
The Byzantine art of
painting is characterized by
precision, formality, and very rich
color. Byzantine architecture is
characterized by large domes and
lavishes of tiles and other
decorations.
Romanesque Art
Romanesque art developed from Roman principles during the 11 th and 13th Centuries.
Architectural art is characterized by massiveness and elaborate ornamentation; rounded arches
are often in tiers.
Warfare was common during the Romanesque period hence, kings and rich landowners
were forever fighting to protect or enrich their properties and themselves. They build castles and
fortress-like dwellings with thick walls and very few windows.
Gothic Art
With the growth of Trade at the end of the Romanesque period in Europe, land replaced
money as the measure of wealth. However, the church is considered to have great effect on the
people as well as in the art.
One of the greatest contribution of the Gothic artist is the Cathedral, a large complex
church created as a seat of the office for a bishop.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Mandaue City
South District
MAPEH 9
QUARTER 1
ARTS:
CLASSICAL PAINTINGS
(GREEK AND ROMAN)
Paintings from Classical Greek Era
• Paintings during the classical era were most commonly found in vases, panels and tomb.
It depicts natural figures with dynamic compositions.
• Most of the subjects were battle scenes, mythological figures, and everyday scenes It
reveals a grasp of linear perspective and naturalist representation.
Most common methods of Greek painting:
1. Fresco- method of painting water-based pigments on a freshly applied plaster usually on a
wall surfaces. Colors are made with grind powder pigments in pure water, dry and set with a
plaster to become a permanent part of the wall. Ideal for murals, durable and has a matte
style.
2. Encaustic– developed to use by Greek ship builders, who used the hot wax to fill the cracks
of the ship. Soon pigments (colors) was added and used to paint a wax hull.
Vase painting
Kerch Style also referred to as Kerch Vases are
red-figured pottery
named after the place where it was found.
Shapes commonly found are:
1. pelike (wine container)
2. lekanis (a low bowl with two horizontal handles
and a low broad foot)
3. lebes gamikos (with high handles and lid use to
carry bridal bath)
4. krater (bowl use for mixing wine and water)
Panel Painting
There are paintings on flat panels of
wood. It can be either a small, single piece
or several panels joined together. Most of
the panel paintings no longer exist
because of its organic composition.
Tomb / Wall Painting
Tomb or wall painting was very popular during
the classical period. It uses the method frescos
either tempera (water-base) or encaustic (wax). It
has a sharp, flatly outlined style of painting and
because it uses water-based materials, very few
samples survived.
Paintings from the Romantic Era
• Most of the paintings in this era were copied or imitated from Hellenic Greek
paintings. Fresco technique was used in brightly colored backgrounds; division of the
wall into a multiple rectangular area (tic-tac-toe design); multipoint perspective; and
a tromped-l’-oil effect.
• Roman paintings have a wide variety of subjects, animals, everyday life, still life,
mythological subjects, portraits and landscapes.
• The development of landscape painting is the main innovation of Roman painting
from Greek painting
Mosaic
• It is an art process where an image is created using an assemblage of small pieces of
colored glass, stones, or other materials.
• This technique used for decorative art or interior decorations.
Starry Night Mosaic Photograph
Lou Ann Bagnall
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Mandaue City
South District
MAPEH 9
QUARTER 2
HEALTH:
SAFETY AND FIRST-AID
Accident Prevention
- safety makes it possible in a safe manner
• Children and elderly - occur in the home
• Older children and young adults – playing some sports
• Adults – on the road or at work
- awareness and common sense are the keys to accident prevention and treatment.
What is First-Aid?
- immediate and temporary care given to a person in case of an emergency or sudden
illness
Priorities in First-aid
1. Remove the victim from the dangerous situation like fire, flood, and explosion.
2. Check if the victim is breathing and feel if there is a pulse or heartbeat
3. Provide artificial resuscitation if necessary and make sure that the victim has an open
airway.
4. Check for bleeding, head or neck injuries, or serious bodily injuries. Control the bleeding
and splint fractures before moving the victim.
5. If poisoned, check the kind of poison before administering first-aid.
6. Always call an adult when an accident happens.
7. Administer first-aid as fast as you can.
8. always call a doctor if the injury is serious.
First-Aid Kit
A first-aid kit will prepare you to treat minor illnesses and injuries and deal with more
serious ones until the victim can receive medical help. Be alert to dial the local emergency
number.
Always check the kit periodically to be sure any used items or expired medications are
replaced.
Characteristics of a Good First Aider
A person who will administer first–aid must possess the following characteristics.
1. Basic knowledge of first-aid.
2. Can make a quick assessment of the accident and be able to give effective
remedies.
3. Must not show nervousness and be able to explain the case to assist
medical personnel as the need arises.
Types of Injuries
Several types of injuries demand the first action. In this case, protection must be taken
immediately.
A. Wounds and hemorrhage
B. Shock
C. Respiratory emergencies
D. Poisoning
E. Animal bites
F. Burns
A. Wounds and Hemorrhage
- Wounds are injuries to living tissue caused by a cut, blow, or another impact, typically in
which the skin is cut or broken.
- Hemorrhage or severe bleeding is a serious case of emergency and can be external or
internal.
1. Control bleeding by:
• Direct pressure or elevation
• Apply pressure on bleeding parts
• Use a tourniquet if necessary
• Place the tourniquet just above the wound but not
touching its edges. Tighten just enough to stop
bleeding.
Common causes of such bleeding are bullet wounds, crashing injuries, perforated ulcers,
puncture wounds, and other organ injuries.
What should you do?
A. External Bleeding
1. Apply a compress and cold pack on the wound.
2. Elevate the injured part.
3. Apply pressure on the affected blood vessel to stop the flow of the blood.
B. Internal Bleeding
Keep the victim down and quiet.
B. Shock
Psychological shock results from severe emotional trauma. The symptoms include pale,
cold, and moist skin and breathing are rapid and shallows. The victim has a weak pulse
and a blank stare.
Fainting and Shock
What should you do?
• If someone faints, leave her lying down.
• Loosen tight clothing.
• Wipe the face with a cool cloth.
• In clinical shock, seek medical help immediately.
C. Respiratory Emergencies
Choking
- occurs when a foreign object lodges in the throat or windpipe, blocking the flow of air
Warning Signs
• Gasping or noisy breathing or breathing may stop
• Clutching the throat
• Inability to speak or cough
• Bluish or ashen skin color
• Swelling of veins in head and neck
Heimlich Maneuver
D. Poisoning
• First contact a poison control center, your emergency number, or your physician for
instructions. Follow the instructions you are given exactly.
• If the person is conscious, you may be told the following: If the poison was swallowed,
give the person water or milk to dilute the person; then induce vomiting to eliminate
the poison.
E. Animal Bites
• Most snake bites occur on the legs or arms.
• The bite of a poisonous snake usually leaves on or two fang marks.
• A non-poisonous snake leaves marks like a horseshoe or series of scratches.
What should you do?
1. Wash the wound with soap and water or alcohol.
2. Place a ligature (constricting band) between the bite and the heart.
3. Place the bitten area on ice water.
4. A knowledgeable first aider can make an incision slightly beyond the fang mark and suck the
wound provided he has no cuts or wounds in the mouth.
5. Get immediate help.
F. Burns
Burns are caused by:
✓ boiling liquids
✓ fire
✓ hot gases to the respiratory system
✓ electric current
✓ chemicals
✓ friction
✓ contact with extremely cold surfaces like dry ice
Burns are classified as:
First Degree when there is reddening of the skin
Second Degree when there is blistering of the skin
Third Degree when the skin is chapped
In more serious and extensive second-degree or third-degree burns, the loss of body
fluids produces serious shock and danger of infection.
What should you do?
1. Immerse the affected area in cold or ice water or ice pack
2. Do not break the blister.
3. Seek medical help for proper treatment.
FIRST AID KIT (CLASS PROJECT)
• Alcohol
GROUP 1
• Band-Aid
• Absorbent Cotton
GROUP 2 • Betadine
• Digital Thermometer
GROUP 3 • Container
• Bandages
GROUP 4 • Scissors
• Tissue
• Medications (Ex. Paracetamol)
GROUP 5 • Cotton buds
• Wipes (unscented)
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Mandaue City
South District
MAPEH 9
QUARTER 1
MUSIC:
MUSIC OF MEDIEVAL
PERIOD
MUSIC OF THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD
Medieval period started in 700 and ended at 1400. It was also known as the Middle Ages
or the “Dark Ages”, which was known to be the fall of the Roman Empire. When Rome fell,
everything vanished and life became difficult. Because of the life situation, the faith of the people
paved way to the influence of the Christian church they created a great impact on Europe’ culture
and political affairs.
Emergence of the church music started through Pope
Gregory I, who made monophonic plainchants as the approved
music of the Catholic Church. His action made the monophonic
plainchants famous, that is why later on it was known as “Gregorian
Chants”. These chants were originally transmitted orally, then later
on scholars agreed to put it in notation.
What are the characteristics of Gregorian Chants?
• Monophonic
• Free meter
• Modal
• Usually based on Latin liturgy
• Use of Neume notation
- All notes sung on the same word or syllable are grouped
into an entity
Example of Gregorian Chant written in Neume:
Music which was not bound by the Catholic traditions emerged during the latter part of
Medieval Period, it was called as secular music. Group of Musicians which were known as
Troubadours perform these songs across Europe. Later on these songs were Troubadour Music.
What are the characteristics of Troubadour Music?
• Usually monophonic
• Sometimes with improvised accompaniment
• Tells of chivalry and courtly love
• Originated in France
• Written in the French language
Famous Composer of the Medieval Period
• known as Adam le Bossu (adam the hunchback)
• a trouvere and musician
• one of the oldest secular composers
• his musical play, - Jeu de Robin et Marion was
considered the earliest surviving secular French
play with music.
Adam de la Halle’s famous compositions include:
“Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion”
“La Chanson du roi de Sicile”
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Mandaue City
South District
MAPEH 9
QUARTER 1
PHYSICAL EDUCATION:
PHYSICAL FITNESS
SKILL RELATED FITNESS
There are many ways to keep the body healthy and physically fit. To be able
to participate in some games and sports you need nutritious food and proper exercise to
keep your body physically strong. Teenagers like you can also begin to develop some
skills such as balance, coordination, agility, speed, and power in order to become a good
athlete someday.
Try to lean the different skill-related fitness programs for athletes’ health and for
body enhancement to be able to participate in some athletic games in school. As you
make your workout on the different exercises, record results and effects of the different
skill development activities for the required athletic fitness.
The Importance of Fitness
As a rule, healthy and physically fit people are usually better able to deal with the
pressures of life. They are also less susceptible to certain diseases such as heart diseases.
Being fit means ready to handle whatever comes your way from day to day. Before
preparing for a fitness program you have to determine your goal. What kind of fitness
program do you like to do?
1. Health-related program is for the betterment of your health.
This includes the following:
1. Flexibility
2. Muscle strength and endurance
3. Heart and lung endurance
2. The Physical enhancement program makes you look more beautiful.
3. Skill-related fitness program is for the development of physical health for
sports and athletic events.
Skill-related fitness is a program used to develop the qualities necessary to become a
good athlete in various sports events.
These skills are:
Balance Speed
Coordination Power
Agility Reaction Time
• Balance is the process of orienting yourself in space which includes muscle
reflexes visual cues and reaction time for the maintenance of equilibrium at her be
a static or a dynamic balance. Skill in balance is required in sports such as skating,
volleyball, diving, gymnastic, bowling (keeling), and discus throw.
• Coordination is the ability to shift smoothly from one position to another.
Dancing requires total body coordination during movements according to a musical
beat. Basketball, soccer, tennis, and badminton are sports that require
perfect coordination of hand and feet
• Agility is the ability to move the entire body accurately to a sudden change of
direction. Among the sports that require agility are football, soccer basketball,
hurdle, tennis, and badminton.
• Speed is the ability of the body to perform any movement in the shortest possible
time. To move quickly and rapidly is a skill needed in many physical activities.
Speed is very important in sports such as relay, swimming, hurdle, and
baseball.
• Power is the ability to transform energy into an explosive force that will cause the
body to move fast or spring about. Power is very important in such sports as
swimming, weight lifting, shot put, javelin, and discus throw.
• Reaction Time is the time needed for a muscle group to move in response to a
given stimulus called reflexes. This skill is a combination of other skills such as
agility, coordination, speed, and power. Fast reaction time is needed in relay and
swimming.
HOW TO DEVELOP MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE
Muscular strength can be gained through weight training by the following methods:
isokinetic, isotonic, and isometric programs. All methods used in developing strength and
also be used to develop muscular endurance but only on specific muscles.
1. Isokinetic method requires special machinery that is only available in health
clubs and gyms.
- constant rate of movement
2. Isotonic method makes use of free weights like barbells and dumbbells to
develop muscular strength and endurance.
- tension remains the same, whilst the muscle's length changes.
- muscle contraction
Concentric contraction – Muscle fibers shorten
Eccentric contraction – Muscle fibers lengthen
3. Isometric method involves a muscle producing tension but staying the same
length. This occurs when the body is fixed in one position.
- helps maintain strength
