PIE CHART

Summary:

A pie chart shows information using sectors of a circle.

EXAMPLES:

1. The pie chart below shows the various items sold by a certain shop

Bibles Books
80
120
Pens

If the total sale value of the items was sh 720,000, find the sales value of:

(i) pens

(ii) books

2. The pie-chart below shows the daily expenditure of a certain family.

Others Bread
130
150
Food
If sh 2000 is spent on bread, find that:

(i) total daily expenditure of the family

(ii) daily expenditure of the family on food

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3. The pie chart below shows the number of students taking various subjects in a
certain class

ECON MATH
90
150
CRE

If the number of students taking CRE is 120, find the:

(i) population of the students in the class

(ii) number of students taking mathematics

4. The pie chart below shows the number of voters for party A, B and C in an
election

A C
66
144
B

Find the percentage of voters for party C

6. A family spends its income on the following items in a month

Items food wages travel others

Amount (sh) 42,000 9,000 6,000 4,000
Show the family’s expenditure in a pie chart

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EER:

1. The pie chart below shows the number of voters for party A, B and C in an
election

A C
120
150
B
If the total number of votes is 300, find the number of votes for party C

2. A family spends its income on the following items in a month

Items food wages travel Others

Amount (sh) 35,000 12,000 10,000 15,000
Show the family’s expenditure in a pie chart

3. The pie chart below shows the number of voters from polling stations A, B, C, D
and E in a constituency.

93º B
18º
E 82º
C
106º

If the number of voters in station A is 6,231, determine the:

(i) voter population in the constituency.

(ii) number of voters in polling station C.

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4. A company’s cost is split as follows:

Wages 45%

Food 30%

Travel 15%

Others 10%

Show this information in a pie chart

7. The pie-chart below shows the daily expenditure of a certain family.

Others Bread
130o
150o
Food

If sh 2000 is spent on bread, find the:

(i) total daily expenditure of the family

(ii) daily expenditure of the family on food

5. The expenditure of a certain football club is as follows:

Items food wages travel others

Amount (sh) 35,000 12,000 10,000 15,000
Draw a pie chart showing the club’s expenditure

STATISTICS

Summary:

1. For a set of n values:

sum of values sum

 
(i) mean (Average) number of values count

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 (ii) Median is the middle value when the given data is listed in order of

magnitude. If the number of items is even, the average of the middle two is

used.

(iii) Mode is the value that occurs most frequently.

There can be more than one mode in a given data.

(iv) Range is the difference between the largest and smallest values

EXAMPLES:

1. Find the mean, mode and median of the following numbers: 7, 8, 10, 12 and 8.

2. Find the mean, mode and median of the following numbers: 31, 28, 30, 33, 25
and 30.

3. The mean of 3, 7, 10, 8 and x is 6. Find x

4. The marks scored by a boy in four tests were 45, 70, 35 and 40. When he does a
fifth test the mean mark of the five tests is 50. Find his scored mark in the fifth test

5. If the mean of 6 numbers is 30, find the sum of these numbers

6. The mean marks for a French test in a class of 30 boys and 20 girls are 60 and
70 respectively. Find the mean mark for the whole class

Soln:

(30 60)  (20 70)

  64
Required mean 30  20

15 1 years .
7. In a class of boys and girls, the average age is 2 The class has 12
16 3 years .
boys whose average age is 4 Find the size of the class, if the average
age of the girls is 15 years.

Soln:
5
If n = number of girls

(12 16 75)  (15 n)

 15 5
 12  n

n = 30

 Class size = 12 + 30 = 42

8. The mean age of a class of 30 students is 16 years 3 months. If 12 students

whose mean age is 14 years 6 months left the class, find the mean age of those who
remained.

Soln:

(30 16 25)  (12 14 5)

  17 4167
Required mean 30  12

9. The mean weight of a class of 30 boys is x kg. When two boys with a total weight
of 150kg are absent, the mean weight of those present is 2kg less than the mean
weight of the whole class. Find the value of x.

Soln:

If mean for those present = x  2

30x  150
x 2
 30  2

 x = 47
EER:

1. The mean of n numbers is 5. If the number 13 is included with the n numbers,

the new mean is 6. Find the value of n.

2. In a set of 10 numbers, the mean of 6 numbers is 64.5 and that of the 10

numbers is 68. Find the mean of the other four numbers.

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3. The mean of 3, 7, 3, x, 8, 10 and x is 7. Find x

4. The mean heights of 20 boys and 15 girls are 160m and 152m respectively.

Find the mean height of the 35 boys and girls.

5. The average age of 6 men is 45 and 5 of the men are 47, 40, 38, 46 and 43

years old. Find the age of the sixth man.

6. The average age of 6 men is 37 and one of them is 42 years old. Find the
average age of the other five men.

7. The average age of a class of 30 boys is 14 years 4 months. If five boys whose

average age is 15 years 2 months leave the class, find the average age of the 25

remaining boys.

8. In a class of 30 students, there are 20 boys whose average age is 19 years 7

months and the rest are girls. Given that the mean age for the whole class is 18
years 4 months, find the mean age of the girls in the class.

9. A class of 15 boys took an examination in which 7 boys got an average mark of

40 and 7 others got an average mark of 50. The average mark for the whole class
was 46. How many marks did the other boy get?

10. The mean of four numbers is 20. If two other numbers (x + 3) and (x + 2) are
added, the new mean is 30. Find the value of x.

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 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLES

Summary:

1. A frequency table shows a summary of values and their frequency

2. (i) Data that is listed is called ungrouped data

(ii) Data that is grouped together in classes is called grouped data

3. The following terms may be needed:

(i) Class boundaries are class groups in continuous form

(ii) Class width = upper class boundary  lower class boundary

(iii) Cumulative frequency is obtained by adding frequencies as you go along

4. In a frequency distribution table, mean can be computed as follows:

=
∑fx,
(i) mean ∑f where

f = frequency (number of times of occurrence)

x = class mid values

= A +
∑ fd ,
(ii) mean ∑f where

A = assumed mean or working mean

d = x  A (deviation)

5. (i) The class which contains the mode is called the modal class

(ii) The modal class is the one with the highest frequency

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6. For grouped data, mode is calculated as follows:

(i) Determine the modal class

(ii)
mode = L + ( D1
D1 + D2 ) c, where

L = lower boundary of the modal class

D
1 = modal frequency  premodal frequency

D
2 = modal frequency  post modal frequency

C= modal class width

7. (i) The class which contains the median is called the median class

1 f
(ii) The median class corresponds to a cumulative frequency of 2

8. For grouped data, median is calculated as follows:

(i) Determine the median class

( )
1
2
∑ f − Cf b
median = L + c,
fw
(ii) where

L = lower boundary of the median class

∑ f = total frequency
Cf b = cumulative frequency before the median class

f w = frequency within the median class

C= median class width
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9 (i) The cumulative frequency curve or an ogive is a curve where cumulative
frequencies are plotted against the upper class boundaries. It can estimate the
median

(ii) A histogram consists of bars with frequency as the vertical and class
boundaries as the horizontal. It can estimate the mode

(iii) A frequency polygon is a line graph drawn by plotting frequency against

class mid values.

NOTE:

(a) The points are joined by straight lines.

(b) The polygon extends to the next lower and higher classes with zero frequencies

EXAMPLES:

1. The marks of students in a test were as follows:

Marks 4 5 6 7 8
No of students 2 6 4 5 3

(a) State the modal mark

(b)Find the:

(i) mean mark

(ii) median mark

2. The marks of students in a test were as follows:

Marks 3 4 5
No of students 3 x 4
Given that the mean mark is 41, find x

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3. The ages in years of 40 students were as follows:

12 13 14 12 15 14 13 16 14 15

13 14 16 15 14 12 13 14 15 13

15 16 15 14 15 12 15 13 12 15

13 15 12 15 16 14 15 14 16 14

(a) Form an ungrouped frequency distribution table for the data

(b) State the modal mark

(c) Find the:

(i) mean mark

(ii) median mark

4. The marks of students in a test were as follows:

Marks 5 8 10 14 18 20
No of students 2 5 12 3 11 7
Calculate the mean mark using an assumed mean of 10,

5. The age distribution of 40 adults were as follows:

Age Frequency Cumulative frequency

20  29 4 4
30  39 12 16
40  49 8 …………
50  59 9 …………
60  69 7 …………

(a) Copy and complete the cumulative frequency column

(b) State the:
(i) class width
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 (ii) modal class
(c) Determine the median class
(d) Calculate the:

(i) mean

(ii) mode

(iii) median

(c) Display the data on a histogram and use it to estimate the mode.

(d) Draw an ogive for the data and use it to estimate the median

(e) Display the data on a frequency polygon

6. The marks of 40 students were as follows:

26 11 10 12 14 16 20 25

21 22 13 17 18 27 30 32

27 35 40 44 39 28 37 26

44 37 36 39 28 46 32 15

16 19 34 43 26 38 48 40

(a) Form a frequency distribution table with a lower class of 10  14.

(b) Calculate the:

(i) mean

(ii) mode

(iii) median

(c) Display the data on a histogram and use it to estimate the mode.

(d) Plot an ogive for the data and use it to estimate the median
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7. The age distribution of 40 adults were as follows:
Ages 20 25 30 35 40 45
24 29 34 39 44 49
Frequency 8 9 10 6 12 5
(a) State the:
(i) class width
(ii) modal class
(b) Determine the median class
(c) Calculate the:

(i) mean

(ii) mode

(iii) median

(d) Display the data on a histogram and use it to estimate the mode.

(e) Draw an ogive for the data and use it to estimate the median

8. The cumulative distribution table shows the marks scored by 50 students.

Marks Cumulative frequency

30  39 5
40  49 13
50  59 23
60  69 39
70  79 46
80  89 50
(a) Draw an ogive for the above data and use it to estimate the:

(i) median mark

(ii) pass mark of the test if 39 students passed

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 (iii) number of students who scored 75 marks and above

(b) Form a frequency distribution table for the above data to calculate the mean
mark

9. The weights in kg of 40 students were as follows:

Weights 30  39 40  49 50  59 60  69 70  79 80  89
Frequency 1 7 9 8 10 5
Calculate the mean weight using an assumed mean of 545

10. The weights of 40 students were as follows:

50 51 50 52 54 56 60 65

61 62 53 57 58 64 70 72

67 75 67 70 56 66 65 69

72 77 76 57 66 68 62 55

56 59 74 73 78 66 67 74

(a) Form a frequency distribution table with class width of 5 starting with class
of 50  54

(b) (i) Display the data on a histogram and use it to estimate the mode

(c) Calculate the:

(i) mean using a working mean of 62

(ii) mode

(iii) median

EER:

1. The weights in kg of 50 babies in a maternity ward were as follows:

14
 Age Frequency Cumulative frequency
20  8 …………
24
25  9 …………
29
30  10 …………
34
35  6 …………
39
40  12 …………
44
45  5 …………
49
(a) Copy and complete the cumulative frequency column
(b) State the:
(i) class width
(ii) modal class
(c) Determine the median class
(b) Calculate the:

(i) mean

(ii) mode

(iii) median

(c) Display the data on a histogram and use it to estimate the mode.

(d) Plot an ogive for the data and use it to estimate the median

(e) Display the data on a frequency polygon

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2. The weights in kg of 50 students were as follows:

Weights 20  24 25  29 30  34 35  39 40  44 45  49
Frequency 8 9 10 6 12 5

(a) Calculate the:

(i) mean

(ii) mode

(iii) median

(b) Display the data on a histogram and use it to estimate the mode

(c) Display the data on an ogive and use it to estimate the median

3. The age distribution of 40 adults were as follows:

Age F x fx Cumulative frequency

20  29 4 245 98 4
30  39 12 ……... ………… 16
40  49 ……...... 445 356 …………
50  59 9 ……... ………… …………
60  69 ……...... 645 4515 …………
f = …… fx =……..

(a) Copy and complete the frequency distribution table above

(b) State the:

(i) class width

(ii) modal class

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 (c) (i) Determine the median class

(ii) Calculate the mean age

4. The cumulative distribution table shows the marks scored by 50 students.

Marks Cumulative frequency

30  39 5
40  49 13
50  59 23
60  69 39
70  79 46
80  89 50
(a) Draw an ogive for the above data and use it to estimate the:

(i) median mark

(ii) pass mark of the test if 39 students passed

(iii) number of students who scored 75 marks and above

(b) Form a frequency distribution table for the above data to calculate the mean
mark

5. The ages in years of 40 students were as follows:

12 13 14 12 15 14 13 16 14 15

13 14 16 15 14 12 13 14 15 13

15 16 15 14 15 12 15 13 12 15

13 15 12 15 16 14 15 14 16 14

(a) Form an ungrouped frequency distribution table for the data

(b) Find the:

(i) mode

(ii) median

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6. The weights in kg of 50 babies in a maternity ward were as follows:

42 31 28 40 23 37 33 44 25 30

36 43 32 24 41 34 27 42 48 26

22 30 41 46 37 29 43 20 32 40

47 26 38 23 40 33 27 45 24 36

20 35 27 32 21 42 30 41 28 47

(a) Form a frequency distribution table with class width 05 starting from 20
24

(b) Calculate the:

(i) mean using an assumed mean of 32

(ii) mode

(iv) median

7. The marks of 40 students were as follows:

11 17 35 34 42 45 28 66

16 21 14 36 41 31 49 37

20 33 37 38 18 38 39 27

26 28 40 33 43 32 29 47

29 32 41 24 44 35 36 23

(a) Form a frequency distribution table for the data starting with a class of
10 14

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 (b) State the:

(i) class width

(ii) modal class

(c) Determine the:

(i) mean mark

(ii) median class

(d) Display the data on a histogram and use it to estimate the mode

(e) Draw an ogive for the data and use it to estimate the median

8. The heights in cm of plants in a garden were as follows:

10.3 9.7 10.2 9.8 10.1

9.9 10.1 9.9 10.1 10.2

10.3 10.0 10.2 10.1 9.8

9.9 10.1 10.0 10.1 9.9

10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 9.9

9.8 9.8 10.0 9.9 10.2

(a) Copy and complete the frequency distribution table below:

Time (x) Frequency(f) Cumulativ fx

e
frequency
9.7 ….. 1 …..
9.8 4 5 …..
9.9 ….. ….. …..
10.0 3 ….. …..
10.1 ….. ….. …..
10.2 ….. ….. …..

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 10.3 ….. ….. …..
f ......  fx ........
( b) Use the table to;

(i) State the modal height

(ii) Calculate the mean and median height

9. The marks of students in a test were as follows:

Marks 3 4 5 6 7 8
No of students 2 3 6 4 3 2

(a) State the modal mark

(b)Find the:

(i) mean mark

(ii) median mark

10. The ages in years of 100 students were as follows:

Age 12 14 16 18 20 22
Frequency 15 25 18 22 12 8
Find the:

(i) mean age

(ii) mode

(iii) median

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