© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Curious George by Margret and H.A. Rey. Copyright © 2010 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
All rights reserved. The character Curious George®, including without limitation the character’s name and the
character’s likenesses, are registered trademarks of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

Chapter 10
Chapter

10
Data

Cur

balloons?
of balloons.
ious Ab

you can sort these

four hundred sixty-fi ve

out Math w

What are some ways

ith

465
Look at the different kinds
Name

Read a Picture Graph

Use the picture graph.
1. How many children chose
Fruit We Like
pear? — children
orange 2. Circle the fruit that more
children chose.
pear

Read a Tally Chart

Complete the tally chart.
3. How many children chose red?
Color We Like Total
T
Total
— children
green
4. Which color did the fewest
red children choose?

blue ———

Addition and Subtraction Facts

Write the sum or difference.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5. 10 2 4 5 — 6. 4155— 7. 6155—

8. 9235— 9. 5175— 10. 11 235—

Family note: This page checks your child’s understanding

GO Assessment Options
Online Soar to Success Math
of important skills needed for success in Chapter 10.

466 four hundred sixty-six

 Name
Review Words
Vocabulary Builder tally marks
more than
fewer than
Visualize It
Draw tally marks to show each number.

1111 11
1
7 4

tally
marks

10 13

Understand Vocabulary
Write a number to complete the sentence.

1. 10 apples is more than

— apples.

2. 6 bananas is fewer than

— bananas.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3. grapes is more than 6 grapes.

—

4. oranges is fewer than 5 oranges.

—

GO • eStudent Edition
Chapter 10 Online • Multimedia eGlossary
four hundred sixty-seven 467
Chapter 10 Game Making
Materials
• small bag
•
2
3 6
• 25 3
Tens
When you have 10 on your
ten frame, make a tally mark
7

5 4

Play with a partner. on the tally chart. Then put the

7

1 Put 25 in a bag.5 4
10 back in the bag.
2

2 Toss the . Take that many

3 6
4 The first player to make
and put them on your 10 tally marks wins.
7

5 4
ten frame. Take turns.
7

5 4

Player 1 Player 2

Making Tens
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Player Tally

Player 1

Player 2

468 four hundred sixty-eight

 Name Lesson 10.1
Collect Data
Essential Question How do you use a tally chart
to record data from a survey?

Take turns pulling a cube from the bag.

Draw a tally mark in the chart for each cube.

Cube Colors
Color Tally

blue

red

green
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Explain how tally

HOME CONNECTION • Your child made tally
marks to record the color of cubes pulled from
marks help you
a bag. This activity prepares children for using keep track of what
and recording data in this chapter.
has been pulled. MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES

Chapter 10 four hundred sixty-nine 469

 Model
Model and
and Draw
Draw
You can take a survey to collect data.
You can record the data with tally marks.
Greg asked his classmates which lunch
is their favorite.

Favorite Lunch
The tally marks in the
Lunch Tally tally chart show the
children’s answers. Each
pizza
tally mark stands for one
sandwich child’s choice.

salad

pasta

Share and Show

1. Take a survey. Ask 10 classmates
which pet is their favorite. Use Favorite Pet
tally marks to show their choices. Pet Tally
2. How many classmates chose
cat
dog?
classmates dog
3. Which pet did the fewest fish
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

classmates choose?
bird

4. Did more classmates choose cat or dog?

How many more? more classmates

470 four hundred seventy
 Name

On Your Own
5. Take a survey. Ask 10 classmates Favorite Indoor Game
which indoor game is their favorite.
Use tally marks to show their Game Tally
choices.
board
6. How many classmates chose card
board game?
computer
classmates
puzzle

7. Which game did the most classmates

choose?

8. Did more classmates choose a card game or

a computer game?

How many more? more classmates

9. Which game did the fewest classmates choose?

10. How many classmates did not choose a board

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

game or a puzzle? Explain how you know.

Chapter 10 • Lesson 1 four hundred seventy-one 471

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

PROBLEM SOLVING
Claire asked her classmates to choose
their favorite subject. She made this Favorite Subject
tally chart.
11. How many more classmates chose
Subject Tally
math than reading? reading
— more classmates math
12. How many classmates did science
Claire ask?

— classmates

13. Write a new question about the data in

the chart. Then write the answer to your question.

14. Test Prep Use the tally chart.

Which statement is true? Favorite Meal

13 children voted for breakfast. Meal Tally

35 children voted in all. breakfast © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

12 children voted for dinner.

lunch
Fewer children voted for
lunch than for breakfast. dinner

TAKE HOME ACTIVITY • With your child, take a survey about

favorite games and make a tally chart to show the data.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

472 four hundred seventy-two Standards Practice Book, pp. P223 P224
 Name Lesson 10.2
Read Picture Graphs
Essential Question How do you use a picture graph
to show data?

Use the tally chart to solve the problem.

Draw or write to show what you did.

Favorite Hobby
Hobby Tally

crafts
reading
music

sports
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

— more children

Can the chart be

used to find how many
FOR THE TEACHER • Read the following girls chose music? MATHEMATICAL
problem. Mr. Martin’s class made this tally chart. Explain. PRACTICES

How many more children in his class chose sports

than chose reading as their favorite hobby?

Chapter 10 four hundred seventy-three 473

 Model and Draw
A picture graph uses pictures to show data.

Number of Soccer Games

March

April

May
A key tells how
June many each picture
stands for.
Key: Each stands for 1 game.

Share and Show

Use the picture graph to answer the questions.

Favorite Snack
pretzels

grapes

popcorn

apples © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Key: Each stands for 1 child.

1. Which snack was chosen by the fewest children?

———

2. How many more children chose pretzels

than apples?
— more children

474 four hundred seventy-four

 Name

On Your Own
Use the picture graph to answer the questions.

Number of Pencils
Alana

Teresa

John
Brad
Key: Each stands for 1 pencil.

3. How many pencils do Alana and

Brad have? _ pencils

4. How many more pencils does Teresa

have than Alana has? _ more pencils

5. How many pencils do the four

children have? _ pencils

6. Christy has 7 pencils. Write two sentences to

describe how her number of pencils compares
to the data in the picture graph.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

—————————
—————————
—————————
—————————
—————————

Chapter 10 • Lesson 2 four hundred seventy-fi ve 475

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

PROBLEM SOLVING

Favorite Balloon Color

green

blue

red
purple

Key: Each stands for 1 child.

7. How many children chose the color

blue or chose the color green? — children

8. Which three colors were chosen

by a total of 13 children?

—————————

9. Test Prep Use the

picture graph. How many Number of Pets
pets do the three children
Scott
have?
6 Andre © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5 Maddie
4 Key: Each stands for 1 pet.
3

TAKE HOME ACTIVITY • Have your child explain how

he or she solved Exercise 9.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

476 four hundred seventy-six Standards Practice Book, pp. P225–P226
 Name Lesson 10.3
Make Picture Graphs
Essential Question How do you make a picture graph
to show data in a tally chart?

Take turns pulling a cube from the bag.

Draw a smiley face in the graph for each cube.

Cube Colors

blue

red

green

orange

Key: Each stands for 1 cube.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Explain how you

know that the number
HOME CONNECTION • Your child made
a graph by recording smiley faces for the of smiley faces for blue
colors of cubes taken from a bag. This matches the number MATHEMATICAL
activity prepares children for working with PRACTICES
picture graphs in this lesson. of blue cubes.

Chapter 10 four hundred seventy-seven 477

 Model and Draw
Each picture in the graph stands for 1 fl ower.
Draw pictures to show the data in the tally chart.

Number of Flowers Picked Number of Flowers Picked

Name Tally
T ly
Tal Jessie
Jessie Inez
Inez Paulo
Paulo Key: Each stands for 1 flower.

Share and Show

1. Use the tally chart to complete the picture graph.
Draw a for each child.

Favorite Sandwich Favorite Sandwich

Sandwich Tally
T
Tal ly cheese
cheese ham
ham tuna
tuna turkey
turkey
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Key: Each stands for 1 child.

2. How many children chose tuna?

— children

3. How many more children chose cheese

than ham? — more children

478 four hundred seventy-eight

 Name

On Your Own
4. Use the tally chart to complete the picture graph.
Draw a for each child.

Favorite Fruit Favorite Fruit

Fruit Tally
T
Tal ly apple
apple plum
plum banana
banana
orange
orange
Key: Each stands for 1 child.

5. How many children chose banana?

— children
6. How many fewer children chose plum
than banana? — fewer children

7. Which fruit did the most children choose?

—————

8. How many more children chose banana

than orange? — more children
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

9. Which three fruits were

chosen by a total of 10 children?

TAKE HOME ACTIVITY • Ask your child to explain how to

read the picture graph on this page.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

Chapter 10 • Lesson 3 Standards Practice Book, pp. P227–P228 four hundred seventy-nine 479
Name

Mid-Chapter Checkpoint
Concepts and Skills
Use the picture graph to answer the questions.

Favorite Season
spring

summer

fall

winter

Key: Each stands for 1 child.

1. Which season did the fewest children

choose?
———
2. How many more children chose spring
than fall?
— more children
3. How many children chose a season that
was not winter?
— children
4. James took a survey. 5 children
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

chose green as their favorite

color. Which group of tally marks
should James use to show this?

480 four hundred eighty

 Name Lesson 10.4
Read Bar Graphs
Essential Question How is a bar graph used to
show data?

Use the picture graph to solve the problem.

Draw or write to show what you did.

Red Trucks Seen Last Week

Morgan

John

Cindy

Carlos

Key: Each stands for 1 red truck.

— red trucks
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Describe how the

FOR THE TEACHER • Read this problem to data in the graph for
children. Morgan made a picture graph to show John and for Cindy MATHEMATICAL
the number of red trucks that she and her
friends saw last week. How many red trucks did are different. PRACTICES

the four children see last week?

Chapter 10 four hundred eighty-one 481

 Model and Draw
A bar graph uses bars to show data.
There are
Look at where the bars end. 8 children playing
This tells how many. soccer.

Children Playing Games

basketball
Outdoor Game

jump rope
soccer
tag

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Number of Children

Share and Show

Use the bar graph.
1. How many green marbles are Marbles in a Bag
in the bag? 7
6
green marbles
Number of Marbles

5
2. How many more blue marbles
than purple marbles are in 4 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

the bag? 3

more blue marbles 2

1
3. How many marbles are in the bag?
0
marbles red blue green purple
Color

482 four hundred eighty-two

 Name

On Your Own
Use the bar graph.

Favorite Place to Go
aquarium
zoo
Place

beach
museum

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Number of Children

4. How many children chose the 5. Which place did the fewest
beach? children choose?

children

6. How many more children chose 7. How many children chose a

the zoo than the aquarium? place that was not the zoo?

more children children

8. Find the number of children who chose the

aquarium and the beach. Then find the number
of children who chose the zoo and the museum.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Describe how these two numbers are different.

—————————
—————————
—————————
—————————
Chapter 10 • Lesson 4 four hundred eighty-three 483
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

PROBLEM SOLVING
Use the bar graph.
Trees at the Farm
9. How many maple trees 8
are there?
7
maple trees

Number of Trees
6
5
10. How many fewer apple trees
than oak trees are there? 4
3
fewer apple trees
2
1
11. How many trees are
not apple trees? 0
oak pecan maple apple
trees Tree

12. Suppose 7 more trees are brought to the farm.

How many trees would be at the farm then? Explain.

13. Test Prep Look at the bar graph 3

above. How many oak trees are at
6
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

the farm?
7
8

TAKE HOME ACTIVITY • Ask your child to explain how

he or she solved Exercise 10.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

484 four hundred eighty-four Standards Practice Book, pp. P229–P230
 Name Lesson 10.5
Make Bar Graphs
Essential Question How do you make a bar graph
to show data?

Use the bar graph to solve the problem.

Draw or write to show what you did.

Writing Tools in the Box

6
Number of Writing Tools

5
4
3
2
1
0
chalk crayon marker pencil
Writing Tool

— writing tools
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Describe how the

information in the
FOR THE TEACHER • Read the following
graph for crayon and
problem. Barry made this bar graph. How for marker is MATHEMATICAL
many writing tools are in the box? PRACTICES
different.

Chapter 10 four hundred eighty-fi ve 485

 Model and Draw
Abel read 2 books, Brad read
4 books, Cara read 1 book, Books Read
and Lynn read 3 books. 5

Number of Books
4
Complete the bar graph to show
this data. 3
2
1
0
Abel Brad Cara Lynn
Children

Share and Show

Ella is making a bar graph to show the
Our Pets
8
kinds of pets her classmates have.
• 5 classmates have a dog. 7
Number of Classmates

• 7 classmates have a cat. 6

• 2 classmates have a bird. 5
• 3 classmates have fi sh. 4
1. Write labels and draw bars
3
to complete the graph.
2 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2. How will the graph change if

1
one more child gets a bird?
0
dog cat bird fish
Pet

486 four hundred eighty-six

 Name

On Your Own
Dexter asked his classmates which
pizza topping is their favorite.
• 4 classmates chose peppers.
• 7 classmates chose meat.
• 5 classmates chose mushrooms.
• 2 classmates chose olives.

3. Write a title and labels for the bar graph.

4. Draw bars in the graph to show the data.

peppers

meat
mushrooms

olives
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

5. Which topping did the most classmates choose?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

6. Did more classmates choose peppers

and olives than meat? Explain.

——————————
——————————
——————————

Chapter 10 • Lesson 5 four hundred eighty-seven 487

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

PROBLEM SOLVING
Cody asked his classmates
which zoo animal is their • 6 classmates chose bear.
favorite. • 4 classmates chose lion.
• 7 classmates chose tiger.
Use the data to complete • 3 classmates chose zebra.
the bar graph.
7. Write a title and labels.
Draw bars. 8
7
8. How many more classmates
chose bear than zebra? 6

more classmates 5
4
9. How many fewer 3
classmates chose lion than
classmates that chose the 2
other zoo animals? 1
fewer classmates 0
bear lion tiger zebra

10. Test Prep Look at the bar graph bear

above. Which animal did the tiger
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

most classmates choose?

lion
zebra

TAKE HOME ACTIVITY • Ask your child to describe how he or she

used the favorite zoo animal data to complete the bar graph.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

488 four hundred eighty-eight Standards Practice Book, pp. P231–P232
 Name
PROBLEM SOLVING
Problem Solving • Display Data Lesson 10.6
Essential Question How does making a bar graph help
when solving problems about data?

Maria recorded the rainfall in her town for September 4 inches

four months. How did the amount of rainfall October 3 inches
change from September to December? November 2 inches
December 1 inch

What do I need to find? What information do

how the amount of rainfall
I need to use?
changed from September to the amount of rainfall in
December each of the four months

Show how to solve the problem.

5
Amount in inches

4
3
2
1
0
Sept Oct Nov Dec
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The amount of rainfall

HOME CONNECTION • Your child made a bar graph

to show the data. Making a graph helps your child
organize data to solve problems.

Chapter 10 four hundred eighty-nine 489

Try Another Problem • What do I need to
Make a bar graph to solve the problem. find?
• What information
do I need to use?
1. Matthew measured the height of his
plant once a week for four weeks.
Describe how the height of the plant May 1 2 inches
May 8 3 inches
changed from May 1 to May 22.
May 15 5 inches
May 22 7 inches

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
May 1 May 8 May 15 May 22

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The height of the plant

How many inches

did the plant grow
from May 1 to May 22?
Explain. MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES

490 four hundred ninety

 Name

Share and Show

Make a bar graph to solve the problem.

2. Bianca wrote the number of hours that Week 1 1 hour

she practiced playing guitar in June. Week 2 2 hours
Describe how the amount of practice Week 3 4 hours
time changed from Week 1 to Week 4.
Week 4 5 hours

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4

The amount of practice time

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3. If Bianca’s practice time is 4 hours in Week 5, how does

her practice time change from Week 1 to Week 5?

Chapter 10 • Lesson 6 four hundred ninety-one 491

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense
On Your Own
Solve.

4. How many strings are 9 inches

X
long?
X X X
strings X X X X
X X X X

5. How many strings are

6 7 8 9
more than 6 inches long?
Lengths of Strings in Inches
strings

6. Test Prep Use the bar graph. How did the amount
of snowfall change from Week 1 to Week 4?

Snowfall
Snowfall in inches

4
3
2
1
0
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4
Week
The amount of snowfall stayed the same.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The amount of snowfall increased.

The amount of snowfall decreased.
The amount of snowfall decreased and then increased.

TAKE HOME ACTIVITY • Have your child explain how

he or she solved Exercise 5.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

492 four hundred ninety-two Standards Practice Book, pp. P233–P234
 Name

Chapter 10 Review/ Test

Vocabulary
Use a word in the box to complete each sentence.
bar graph
1. You can take a survey to collect
——. picture graph
(p. 470) data
2. A
—— uses pictures to show
data in a graph. (p. 474)

Concepts and Skills

Use the tally chart to complete the picture graph.
Draw a for each bird.

Birds Counted at the Park Birds Counted at the Park

Child Tally Reggie
Reggie Kate
Kate Ted
Ted
Mandy
Mandy
Key: Each stands for 1 bird.

3. Which child counted the most birds?

———
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. How many fewer birds did Ted count than

Reggie counted?
— fewer birds

5. How many birds did the four children count?

— birds

Chapter 10 four hundred ninety-three 493

Fill in the bubble for the correct answer choice.

6. Use the tally chart.

How many children chose
apple muffins? Favorite Muffin
13 Muffin Tally
8
banana
7
5 blueberry
apple

7. Use the bar graph.

How many more yellow toy Toy Cars Sold
cars than green toy cars
red
were sold?
green
Color

1
3 yellow
4 blue
5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of Toy Cars

8. Use the picture graph.

How many stickers do Megan Stickers We Have
and Lin have?
Shane
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4
Megan
5
6 Lin

7 Elroy

Key: Each stands for 1 sticker.

494 four hundred ninety-four

 Name

Fill in the bubble for the correct answer choice.

9. Use the picture graph.

How many fewer books did Books We Read
Joy read than Tony?
Joy
1
2 Dave

3 Sasha
5 Tony

Key: Each stands for 1 book.

10. Use the tally chart. How many

Favorite Toy
children chose truck?
Toy Tally
5
8 ball
10 truck
12 doll

11. Use the bar graph.

How many more mums than Basket Flowers
6
roses are in the basket?
Number of Flowers

5
1
4
2
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3
3
8 2
1
0
rose tulip daisy mum
Flower
Chapter 10 four hundred ninety-fi ve 495
Constructed Response
Favorite Juice
12. The data for grape juice is not
apple
shown in the picture graph. If
13 children voted in all, how berry
many pictures should there
orange
be for grape juice?
grape
— pictures
Key: Each stands for 1 child.
Explain your answer.

Performance Task
13. In a survey for favorite vegetable, 3 children chose squash,
4 children chose beans, 6 children chose corn, and 5 children
chose carrots. Write labels and draw bars to complete the graph.

Favorite Vegetable
Vegetable

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of Children
Write a sentence to describe the data in the graph.

496 four hundred ninety-six

 Geometry and Fractions

by Tami Morton
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Describing and analyzing shapes

497
 A farmer’s job is never done. Farmers are busy
during all of the seasons of the year. They grow © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

fruits and vegetables for people to eat.

What shapes do you see?

498 Why is a farmer’s work important?

 In the spring, farmers get the fields ready.
They plow the fields and fertilize the soil.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

They plant their seeds.

What shapes do you see?

How is a farmer’s work today

different from long ago? 499
 In the summer, farmers take care of their
crops. They make sure that the plants have © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

enough water when it does not rain.

What shapes do you see?

Why does a farmer need to know

1
500 about changes in the weather?
 In the fall, farmers harvest many fruits
and vegetables. They sell most of these
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

fruits and vegetables to other people.

What shapes do you see?

Why does a farmer grow more fruits and

vegetables than his or her family can eat? 501
 In the winter, farmers clear the fields
and get ready for the next season.
They plan what they are going to plant.
They check their machines.
A farmer’s job is never done.
What shapes do you see?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Why are the seasons

502
1 important to a farmer?
 Name

Write About the Story

Look at the pictures of the farm objects.
Draw a picture and write your own story
about the objects. Tell about the shapes cylinder cube
that the objects look like. cone circle
sphere triangle
square rectangle
rectangular prism
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

503
 What shape do you see?
Draw a line to match the shape with the name.

cylinder rectangular prism circle

Circle each shape that has a curved surface.

cylinder rectangular prism

cube cone
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

sphere

Write a riddle about a shape. Ask a classmate

to read the riddle and name the shape.

504