CHAPTER-S PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION Who developed Punnet Square? (CBSE. 2007) Why do certain genes tend to be inherited together in a cell at the time of cell divisio n, (CBS. 2008) What is sex chromosome complement af male bird, (CBSE, ‘Name one autosomal dominant and one autosomal recessive Mendeliandisorder in humans. (CBS.E 2010 Write the genotype of (i) An individual who is carrier of sickle-cell anaemin gene but apparently unaffected (ii) An individual affected with the disease. (CBSE 2010) ‘A human being suffering from Down's syndrome show trisomy of 21" chromosome. Mention the cause of this chromosomal abnormality. (CBS.E. 2010) Name the event during cell division cycle that results in gain or loss of chromosome, (CBSE. 2011) Name the phenomenon and cell responsible for the development of new individual without fertilization as seen in honey bees, (CBS.E, 2011) (@) A garden pea plant (A) Produced inflated yellow pods and unother plant. (B) of the same species produced constricted green pods. (b) A garden pea plant produced axial white flowers. Another of the same species produced (erminal violet flowers. (©) A garden pea plant produced round green seeds. Another of the sate species produced wrinkled yellow seeds. (CBSE 2012) ‘Name the respective pattem of inheritance where Fiphenotype (a) Does not resemble either of the two parents and is in between the two (b) _ Resembles only one of the two parents. (CB S.E, 2012) In a dihybrid cross, when would the proportion of the parental gene combinations be much higher than non-parental type as experimentally shown by Morgan and his group (C.BS.E. 2012) Why is that the father never passes on the gene for haemophilia to his sons? Explain. (CBSE. 2012) Write the possible genotypes. Mendel got when be crossed Fi tall pea plants with ‘dwarf pea plants. (CBS.E 2012) Why ina test cross, did Mendel cross a tall pea plant with a dwarf pea plant only. (CBSE. 2012) PREVIOUS BOARD EXAMINATION Explain what do you know of criss-cross inheritance. (C.BS.E, 2007) What is autopolyploidy ? How docs colchicine induce polyploidy? Name an autopolyploid that has succeeded as a variety. (CBSE 2007) At the time of independence, the population of India was 350 million which exploded to over | billion by May 2000. List any two reasons fur this rise in population and any two steps taken by the government to check this population explosion. (CBSE. 2011) Explain how do the following act as contraciptives (a) CuT(b) ‘Saheli” (CBSE. 2012)21. 31. 32. 33, 35. ) 36, The male Fruitfly and fomale Fowl are heterogametic while the female Fruitfly and the male Fow! are homogametic. Why are they called so? (CBSE. 2008) Explain the patter of inheritance of haemophilia in humans. Why is the possibility of human female becoming haemophilic extremely rare? Explain. (CBSE. 2008) A plant of Antirrhinum majus with red flowers was crossed with another plant of the same species with white flowers. The plants of F; generation bore pink flowers. Explain the pattern of inheritance with the help of a cross. (CBSE. 2008) A woman with blood group O married a maa with AB group. Show the possible blood groups of the progeny. List the alleles involved in this inheritance. (C.BS.E. 2008) ‘A tall Pea plant with yellow seeds (heterozygous for both) is crossed with a dwarf Pea plant with green seeds. Using a Pumnet square work out the cross to show the phenotypes and the genotypes of F; generation. (CBSE. 2008) How does a test cross help in identifying the genotype of the organism? Explain. (C.BS.E.2010) During his studies on genes in Drosophila that were sex-linked T.H. Morgan found Frpopulation phenotypic ratios deviated from expected 1. Explain. the conclusion he arrived at. (CBSE. 2010) When a tall Pea plant was selfed, it produced one-fourth of its progeny as dwarf. Explain with the help of a crass, (CBSE. 2010) Why are F2 phenotypic and genotypic ratios same in a cross between red flowered ‘Snapdragon and white flowered Snapdragon plants? Explain with the help of a cross. (CBS.E. 2010) () Why are Grass hopper and Drosophila said to show male heterogamety? Explain. (iii) Explain female heterogematy with the help of an example. (CBSE. 2010) Explain the sex determination mechanism in humans. How is it different in birds. (CBS.E. 2010) Explain the mechanism of sex determination in insects like Drosophila and Grass hopper. (CBSE. 2010) Work out a crass between true breeding red and white flowered Dogfower (Snapdragon) plants up to Fsprogeny. Explain the results of Fyand F: generations. (CBS.E. 2010) How are dominance, codominanice and incomplete dominanee pattems of inheritance different from one another? (CBSE. 2011) (a) Sickle cell anaemia in humans is a result of point mutation. Explain. (>) Write the genotypes of both the parents who have produced a sickle celled anaemic offspring. (CBSE. 2011) A Pea plant with purple flowers was crossed with plant having white flowers. The progeny produced only purple flowers. On selfing, these plants produced 482 plants with purple flowers and 162 plants with white flawers. What genetic mechanisms accounts for these results ?- Explain. (CBSE. 2011) (a) Explain the phenomenon of multiple allelism and codominance taking ABO bblood group as an example. ‘What is the phenotype of a wi Gili? (C_BS.E. 2012) Explain how does trisomy of 21" chromosome occur in humans. List any four characteristic features in am individual suffering from it. (C.BS.E. 2012) 13.37. Given below is the representation of amino acid composition of the relevant translated portion of B chain of haemoglobin, related to the shape of human red blood cells, DIAGRAM 38. 4 43, 47. (a) Is this representation indicating a normal human or a sufferer from certain related genetic disease? Give reason in support of your answer. (b) What difference would be notice in the phenotype of the normal and the sufferer related to this gene? (©) Who ate likely to suffer more from the defect related to the gene represented the males, the females or both males and females equally? And why? (CBSE. 2012) (a) Explain sex determination in humans. (b) How do human males with XXY abnormality suffer? (CBSE. 2012) ‘Snapdragon shows incomplete dominance for flower colour. Work out a cross and explain the phenomenon. How is this inheritance different from Mendelian pattern of inheritance ? Explain. (CBSE. 2012) Name the phenomenon that leads to situation like “XO" abnormality in humans. How do humans with “XO’ abnormality suffer ? Explain C.BS.E. 2012) A true breeding Pew plant homozygous for axial violet flowers is crossed with another Pea plant with terminal white flowers (avy). (a) What would be the phenotype and genotype of F; and F: generation? (b) Give the phenotypic ratio of F2 generation, (c) List the Mendal 'sgeneralisations which can be derived from the above cross. (C.B.S.E. 2008) A homozygous tall Pea plant with green seeds is crossed with a drarf Pea plant with yellow seeds. (i) What would be the phenotype and genotype of FI? (ii) Wark out the phenotypic ratio. of F2 generation with the help of Punnet square. (C_B.S.E. 2008) AAnapdragon plant homozygous for red flowers when crossed with a white flowered plant of the same species produced pink flowers in F, generation, (a) What is this phenotypic expression called? (b) Work out the cross to show the F2 generation when FI was self pollinated. Give the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of F: generation. (c) How do you compare the F; phenotypic and genotypic ratios with those of Mendelian ionoliybrid Frratios. (CBSE. 2008) Inheritance pattern of flower colour in Garden Pea and Snapdragon differs. Why is this difference observed? Explain showing the crosses uptoF: generation, (C.B.S.E, 2008) You are given a red flower bearing pea plant and a sed flower bearing Snapdragon plant. How would you find the genotypes of these two plants with respect to the colour of the flower. Explain with the help of crosses. Comment upon the pattern of inheritance seen in these two plants. (C.B.S.E. 2009) Hint. Red Pea plant can be homozygous or heterozygous. Red Snapdragon is homozygous). A particular garden pea plant produces only violet (a) Is it homozygous dominant for the trait ar heterozygous? (b) How would you ensure its genotype? Explain with the help af crosses. (CBSE. 2009) (a) How does chromosomal disorder differ from a mendelian disorder? (b) Name any two chromosomal aberration associated disorders. (c) List the characteristics of the disorders mentioned above that help in their diagnosis. (CBSE. 2010) cry48, 49, 53. 55, 56, S51. Explain the eauses, inheritance pattern and symptoms of any two mendelian genetic disorders, (CBSE. 2010) Write the symptoms of haemophilia and sickle-cell anaemia in humans. Explain how the inheritance patterns of the two diseases differ from each other. (C.B.S.E, 2010) {a) State the law of independent assortment. (>) Using Punnet square, demonstrate the law of independent assortment ina dihybrid cross involving two heterozygous parents. (C.BS.E. 2010) ABO blood grouping in human population exhibits four possible phenotypes from six different genotypes. Explain different mechanisms of inheritance involved in exhibiting the possibility of four phenotypes and six genotypes. (CBSE. 2010) (a) Why is haemophilia generally observed in human males? Explain the conditions under which a human female can be haemophilic. (b) A pregnant human female was advised to undergo MTP. It was diagnosed by bher doctor that the foots she was carrying has developed from: 2ygore Formed by an XX-egg fertilized by a Y- carrying sperm. Why was she advised to undergo MTP? (C.B.S.E2011 {a) A true-breeching homozygous pea plant with green pods and axial flowers ax dominant characters, is crossed with recessive homozygous pea plant having yellow pods and terminal flowers. Work out the corssuptoP: generation giving the phenotypic ratios of F, and Fs generations respectively, (b) State the Mendelian principle which can be derived from such a cross and not from monohybrid cross. (CBSE. 2011) ‘What is the inheritance pattem observed in the size of starch grains and seed shape in PisumSativum. Work out the monohybrid cross showing the above traits. How does this pattem of inheritance deviate from that of Mendelian law of dominance? (C.B.S.E. 2012) (a) List the three different allelic forms of gene ‘I’ in humans. Explain the different phenotypic expressions, controlled by these three forms. (>) A-woman with blood group “A* marries a man with blood group ‘O". Discuss the possibilities of the inheritance of the blood groups in the following starting with “Yes” or “No” for each (i) They produce children with blood group *A’ only. (ii) They produce children some with ‘0’ boood group and some with “A” blood ‘group. (CBSE. 2012) (@) A. garden pea plant bearing terminal, violet flowers when crossed with another pea plant bearing axial violet flowers, produced axial violet flowers and axial white flowers in the ratio of 3:1. Work out the cross showing the genotypes of the parent pea plants and their progeny. (b) Name and state the law that can be derived from this cross and not from a dihybrid cross. (CBSE. 2012) (a) Four children with four different blood groups are bom to parents where the mother has blood group ‘A’ and the father has blood group ‘B’. Work out the cross lo show the genotypes of the parents and all four children. {b) Explain the contribution of Alfred Sturtevant in chromosome mapping. (CBSE2012) $5.A colour-blind child is bom to a normal couple. Work outa cross to show how it is possible, Mention the sex of this chitd OR Mendel published his work on inheritance of characters im 1865, but it remained 1548. 49. Si. 52. 53. 55, 36. 57. Explain the causes, inheritance pattern and symptoms of any two mendelian genetic disorders, (CBSE 2010) Write the symptoms of haemophilia and sickle-cell anaemia in humans, Explain how the inheritance patterns of the two diseases differ from each other. (C.B.S.E. 2010) (a) State the law of independent assortment. iM assortment is ihybrid cross involving two heterozygous parents, (CBSE 2010) ABO blood grouping in human population exhibits four possible phenotypes from six different genotypes. Explain different mechanisms of inheritance involved in exhibiting the possibility of four phenotypes and six genotypes. (CBSE. 2010) (a) Why is haemophitia generally observed in human males? Explain the conditions under which a human female can be haemophilic. (b) A pregnant human female was advised to undergo MTP. It was diagnosed by her doctor that the foetus she was carrying has developed from a zygote formed by an XX-egg fertilized by a Y- carrying sperm. Why was she advised to undergo MTP? (C.BS.E2011 (a) A true-breeching homozygous pea plant with green pods and axial flowers as dominant characters, is crossed with recessive homozygous pea plant having yellow pods and terminal flowers. Work out the corssuptoF2 generation giving the phenotypic ratios of F; and F: generations respectively. (b) State the Mendelian principle which can be derived from such a cross and not from monohybrid cross. (CBSE. 2011) What is the inheritance pattem observed in the size of starch grains and seed shape in PisumSativum. Work out the monohybrid cross showing the above traits. How does this pattern of inheritance deviate from that of Mendelian law of dominance? (CBSE. 2012) (a) List the three different allelic forms of gene ‘I’ in humans, Explain the different phenotypic expressions, controlled by these three forms. (6) A woman with blood group ‘A’ marries a man with blood group ‘O”. Discuss the possibilities of the inheritance of the blood groups in the following starting with “Yes” or “No” for each. (They produce children with blood group *A’ only. Gi) ‘They produce children some with “O" boood group and some with ‘A” blood group. (CBSE.2012) (@) A garden pea plant bearing terminal, violet flowers’ when crossed with another pea plant bearing axial violet flowers, produced axial violet flowers and axial white flowers in the ratio of 3:1, Work out the crass showing the genotypes of the parent pea plants and their . (b) Name and state the law that can be derived from this cross and mot from a dihybrid cross. (CBSE. 2012) (a) Four children with four different blood groups are bom to parents where the mother has blood group ‘A’ and the father has blood group ‘B’. Work out the cross to show the genotypes of the parents and all four children, (b) Explain the contribution of Alfred Sturtevant in chromosome mapping. (CBS.E2012) 55.A colour-blind child is born to a normal couple. Work out a cross to show how it is possible. Mention the sex of this child. OR Mende! published his work on inheritance of characters in 1865, but it remained 15unrecognised till 1900. Give three reasons for the delay in accepting his work. (C.BSE2014) 56. How does the gene 'T control ABO blood groups in humans ? Write the effect the gene thas on the structure of red blood cells, OR Write the types of sex-determination mechanisms the following crosses show. Give an example of each type. (i) Female XX with Male XO. Gi) Female ZW with Male ZZ (C.BS.E.2014) 57.A cross was carried out between (wo pea plants showing the contrasting traits of height of the plants: The result of the cross showed 50% parental characters. @) Work out the cross with the help of a Punnett square. Gi) Name the type of the ems carried out. (C.B.S.E.2014) 58.A cross between u normal couple tesulted in a son who was haemophilic and a normal daughter, In course of time, when the daughter was married to a normal man, to tete ‘surprise. the grandson was also haemophilic (a) Represent this cross in the form of a pedigree chart, Give the genotypes of the daughter and her husband. (b) Write the conelusion you draw of the inkeritance pattern of this disease, (CBS E2014) 59. Women are often blamed for producing female children. Consequently, they are ill- treated and ostracised. How will you address this issue scientifically if you were to conduct an awareness programme to highlight the values involved? (C.B.S.E.2014) 60.A. colour-blind child is bon to-a normal couple. Wark out a cross to show how it is possible. Mention the sex of this child. oR Mende! published his work on inheritance of characters in 1865, but it remained unrecognised till 1900. Give three reasons for the delay in accepting his work. (CBS.E.2014) 61. How does the gene '! contra! ABO Blood groups in humans ? Write the effect the gene ‘has on the structure of red blood cells. oR ‘Write the types of sex-determination mechanisms the following exosses show. Give an example of each type. (i) Female XX with Male XO (ii) Female ZW with Male 2Z (C_B.S.B.2014) 16