Junior Secondary School One

LEARNERS NOTE

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

FIRST TERM
 LEARNERS NOTE FOR JSS 1 FIRST TERM

SCHEME OF WORK

1. Different Information Ages

2. Historical Development of Computers
3. Generation of Computers (1st, 2nd and 3rd generations)
4. Generation of computers (4th & 5th Generations)
5. Basic Computer Concept
6. Data and Information
7. Information Transmission
8. I.C.T. Evolution
9. ICT Application in Everyday Life 1
10. ICT Application in Everyday Life 2
11. Revision
12. Examination

Instructional Materials:

1. Classic Computer Studies Book 1

2. Video & Picture Materials
 WEEK ONE 2. The Bronze Age: This was the period when most
tools and weapons used were made of bronze.
TECHNOLOGY OF DIFFERENT INFORMATION
Technology during this period was also
AGES
primitive.
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners 3. The Iron Age: This was the period when iron
should be able to: was used for making tools and weapons .It was
around 1200BC and technology was primitive
a) Understand what technology means
during this period.
b) List the different ages of technology 4. The middle age: This was the period when man
started discovering better ways of improving
his life .The technology was improved upon as
CONTENT tools and weapons from a combination of
substances. Eyeglasses, gun powder, ship, clock
What is technology? and the compass were also improved upon.
Technology can be defined as the technical 5. The industrial age: This was the period when
means or method that people use to improve there was availability of electric power,
their lives and environment. It is a method of combustion engine and factories for
using tools and machines to carry out task production. Features of the Industrial Age
efficiently. included discovery of electricity, Industrial
production of goods, internal combustion
engine were introduced, massive improvement
DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT OF in technology.
TECHNOLOGY AGES 6. The electronic age: This is the period when
electronic calculators, electronic typewriter
As human beings develop, the technology he and the computer system were introduced.
uses develops too. These are the different ages Features of electronic age included the
of technology development: electronic machines and devices were
a) The Stone age discovery, computers were made, electronic
b)The bronze age circuit and chips were introduced, technology
became advanced.
c) The iron age
d)The middle age
e) The industrial age
CLASS TASK
f) The electronic age
1. What is technology?

1. The Stone Age: This was the period when all 2. State one characteristics for each of the ages of
tools and weapons were made of technology.
stones .Occupations of man during this period
were hunting, farming and gathering of fruits.
Technology were primitive during this age
 TICKET-OUT

1. Classic Computer Studies, page 7, essay

questions 1-6
 WEEK TWO 4. Sticks: These are shaped woods that were used
for measuring land areas and for other counting
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
and measuring needs.
COMPUTERS
5. Writing on the wall: In early ages ,man use
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners object like charcoal, mud ,limestone and chalk
should be able to: to write strokes on the wall for counting

a) Understand the various early counting device

that existed
MECHANICAL DEVICE
b) State various examples of the mechanical,
These are the devices that involve the use of
electro-mechanical, electronic and modern
physical forces to operate them. The following
machines.
are examples of mechanical devices in order
they were invented and used.

CONTENT 1. Abacus: Abacus is known to be the first

mechanical calculating device which was used
Historical development of computer can be
to be performed arithmetic calculation such as
categorized into three. These include:
addition and subtraction easily and speedily.
1. Early counting device This device was first develop by the Egyptians
2. Mechanical device and improved upon by the Chinese
3. Electro-mechanical device educationists. Chinese were the first to use the
abacus.
4. Electronic devices and modern computer
2. Astrolabe: This mechanical calculating
instrument also came into use about 2000years
ago for finding direction and in astronomy. It
EARLY COUNTING DEVICES
consists of two flat circular discs, usually made
Early counting devices were the means of
of brass and ranges from about 7.5cm to 25cm
counting and calculation used in the early ages.
in diameter.
Examples of early counting devices are:
3. Slide rule: This mechanical device was used by
1. Fingers and toes: The ten fingers and toes were
engineers and scientists to simplify
used to give account of days, trading and
multiplication, division and finding root of
children:
numbers. The slide rule is an analog device and
2. Pebbles and grains: Pebbles are small round was invented by William Oughtred. It consists
stones that were used for counting. Grains from of a ruler designed with scales and a sliding
the farm such as corn, beans and rice were also central strip.
used for counting.
4. Pascaline: This machine is a mechanical device
3. Cowries: The cowries were used as money and that was developed by Blaise Pascal a French
for other counting needs. scientist. It invented in the year 1642.It was
called numerical wheel calculator to carry out
computation.
5. Reckoner or Leibnz Calculator: In the year 5. Charles Babbage’s machine(1792- 1871) :
1671, a German mathematician, Gottfried Charles Babbage’s was a British mathematician
Leibniz modified the Pascal calculator and he and inventor .He invented machine which is
developed a machine which could perform considered to be a modern computer today .He
various calculation based on multiplication and built machine called difference engine and
division as well. analytical engine .He was regarded as the father
of modern computer.
6. Philip Emeagwali: Philip Emeagwali was born in
ELECTRO-MECHANICAL DEVICES Akure, Nigeria in April, 1967.He works as a
computer scientist which contributed greatly to
These are the machines were developed to
internet technology .He was regarded as a
make counting and calculations easier and
father of internet.
faster. The following are examples of electro-
mechanical devices.

1. John Napier’s bones (1550-1617): John ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND MODERN

Napier’s of Scotland invented a calculating COMPUTER
device, in the year 1617 called the Napier
These are devices that form the modern
Bones or Napier rods: The rods were mainly
computer .These are electronic devices that use
multiplication tables written on sticks of wood
electric current to power and operate. They
or bone .The rods were also used in taking
include the following:
square roots and cube roots.
2. Blasier Pascal’s machine (1623-1662): Blasier 1. Herman Hollerith Punched Card (1860-1929):
Pascal was a French mathematician who Hollerith was an America statistician who
invented electro-mechanical device called developed a mechanical tabulator on punched
Pascal’s machine that was used for card and also modern computer. His invention
calculation .It was first digital calculating helped the US to complete their Census
machine in 1642. program in 6 weeks instead of the 10 years
3. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz’s machine they stipulated.
(1646-1716): Gottfried Wilhelm was a German 2. John Von Neumann’s machine (1903-1957):
Philosopher and mathematician who was the John von Neumann was a Hungarian born
discovery of fundamental principle of calculus mathematician. He invented the design of a new
and also invented a calculating machine capable stored-program electronic computer, now
of multiplying, dividing and calculating square referred to as the IAS computer. It allowed for
roots. the modification of programs, the use of codes
4. Joseph Marie Jacquard’s loom (1752-1834): to store both data and information.
Joseph Jacquard was a French silk weaver and
inventor that invented Jacquard automatic CLASS TASK
loom mechanism using punched cards that 1. List 4 early counting devices.
controlled the weaving of the cloth and any 2. What are electro-mechanical counting devices?
design pattern could be obtained automatically.
 TICKET-OUT
1. Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 19 & 20,
1-10
 WEEK THREE a) Vacuum tube technology
b)Unreliable
GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
c) Supported Machine language only
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners d)Very costly
should be able to: e) Generate lot of heat
a) Understand the different generations of f) Slow Input/output device
computers g) Huge size
h)Need of A.C.
b) State the features of the various generations of
computers. i) Non-portable
j) Consumed lot of electricity

Some computers of this generation were:

CONTENT
a) ENIAC
There are different generations of computers. b) EDVAC
The five generations of computers are as
c) UNIVAC
follows:
d) IBM-701
1. First generation computer e) IBM-650
2. Second generation computer
3. Third generation computer
4. Fourth generation computer SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
5. Fifth generation computer (1956-1963)

Second generation of computers used

translators which replace vacuum tube in the
FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER (1945- first generation of computers. The second
1955): generation replaced machine language with
The first generation of computer was assembly language. In second generation
electronic Numerical Integrator and computers, computer memory became larger.
computer (ENIAC) .It was developed by John Programs were stored inside the computer’s
Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly.These memory. High –level language such as COBOL
machines had vacuum tube, resistor, punched (Common Business-Oriented Language),
card or punched tape input and output devices ALGOL (Algorithm Language) and FORTRAN
and RAM. Examples of first generation (Formula Translator) were used.
computers include: ENIAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC 1, Some computers of this generation were:
IBM650 and IBM608. (EDVAC: Electronic
Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), a) IBM 1620
(UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer 1). b)IBM 7094
c) CDC 1604
Features of First Generation
d)CDC 3600
e) UNIVAC 1108 b)Support high-level language

Features of Second Generation of Computers Some computers of this generation were:

1. They used translator technology a) IBM-360 series

2. Faster than first generation computers b)Honeywell-6000 series
3. They generated lesser amount of heat c) PDP(Personal Data Processor)
4. They were smaller than first generation d)IBM-370/168
computers e) TDC-316
5. Instructions were written in high language
6. Instruction were coded in assembly language
7. They were less expensive to buy and power CLASS TASK
8. They were faster and reliable 1. What are the features of the first generation of
9. They had limited internal memory computers?
10. They used external storage
2. What can you say about the computers used
from 1956 to 1960?
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER (1964- 3. State 3 features of UNIVAC 1100?
1971)

Third generation computer came with

integrated circuit (IC), invented in 1958 by Jack
Kilby. The operating system allows machines to
run different programs. This period also
witnessed the introduction of small and
inexpensive computers that individual can
afford. Examples of second generation are: ICL
1900, IBM360/370, Honeywell 200 series
CDC 6000, and UNIVAC 1100.

The main features of Third Generation are:

a) They used integrated circuit technology

b)IC used
c) More reliable
d)Smaller size
e) Generate less heat
f) Faster
g) Lesser maintenance
h)Still costly
i) A.C. needed
a) Consumed lesser electricity
 WEEK FOUR j) Computers became easily available

GENERATION OF COMPUTERS (Continued) Some computers of this generation were:

Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners a) DEC 10

should be able to: b) STAR 1000
a) Understand the different generations of c) PDP 11
computers d) CRAY-1 (Super Computer)
e) CRAY-X-MP (Super Computer)
b) State the features of the various generations of
computers.
FIFTH GENERATION OF COMPUTERS (21
CENTURY AND BEYOND)
CONTENT
They are the computers of the futures, they
FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER (1980s - have high speed of operation, and they perform
1990) multiple tasks and have artificial intelligence.
Fourth generation computer are the modern Artificial intelligence is term used to link
day computers which witnesses the human behaviour and characteristics in man-
development of the very small minuscule chip, made machine. The method by which
large scale integrated circuits ,ultra large scale computers imitate human intelligence is called
integrated circuits (ULSI) and enhanced types knowledge information processing system
of integrated circuits also called microchips. It (KIPS).
also witnesses microprocessor equipped with Examples of fifth generation of computers are:
Real Only Memory(ROM).Examples of fourth Wallet PC.Vitual reality, Linux watch,
generation of computers are : Intel’s 8080, wearable PC, Ballistic translator, PUMA, Cog,
IBM5100 PC, Commodore’s Amiga DANTE, WAMBOT-2 and HELPMATE.
A10001,Pentium 1,Pwntium II ,Pentium
III ,Pentium IV ,Pentium M ,Giga Pro,Celeron Some computers types of this generation are:

Features of Fourth Generation of Computer a) Desktop

b) Laptop
a) VLSI technology used
c) NoteBook
b)Very cheap
d) Ultra Book
c) Portable and reliable
e) Chrome Book
d)Use of PC’s
e) Very small size Features of Fifth Generation Computer
f) Pipeline processing a) They will come in various forms and shapes
g) No A.C. needed b) They will have high speed of operations.
h)Concept of internet was introduced c) They can take decisions.
i) Great developments in the fields of networks d) They will have artificial intelligence
e) They will have relatively small size

CLASS TASK

1. What do you know about the 4th and 5th

generation of computers?

2. Write a brief on the modern day computer

systems.

TICKET-OUT

1. Classic Computer Studies Book 1, copy the

Summary content of page 29 & 30 into your
notebook.

2. Same textbook, Page 33, number 2 and 3. Do it

inside the text book.
 WEEK FIVE the computer memory and becomes
operational immediately the computer is
BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS
powered on.
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners
When a computer is used, data is first
should be able to:
presented in a prescribed form called data
a) Understand the basic concepts of the computer input format. The program on the computer
system. must be able to recognize the data presented to
the computer. If it is not able to, then such data
b) List the various parts of the computer system. would be read as error.
c) State the categories of the parts of the
computer system.
PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

The computer system is made up of several

CONTENT
parts. These parts can work together when
What is a computer? This question has been connected. There are the main parts of the
asked for a long time and so many answers has Computer system (depending on the type –
been provided. We were told that a computer is Desktop computer or a Laptop) and the
a machine. Some have said that a computer is peripheral devices. The main Parts of the
an electronic device. Device and machine mean computer system are the monitor, CPU,
the same thing. But a very good definition of keyboard and the mouse. Peripheral devices
computer is given below: are those other parts that can be attached to the
computer for the process of data processing
A computer is any device which can accept and information sharing. Examples are speaker,
data in a prescribed form, process data, and modem, printer, biometric scanner, hard drive,
supply information in a specified form; under joystick etc.
the control of a stored program.
The System Unit – this is the main part of a
There are three major points to note from the computer System. It is usually in a rectangular
accepted definition above. They are: box (except in laptops). There are many
 Computer is a device – it consist of electronic components that work to process
electromechanical and electronic parts which information. The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
work together to perform several tasks. These is inside this box. It is also called the
parts are called hardware. microprocessor. It acts as the brain of the
 Computer processes data – whatever data is computer. The Random Access Memory (RAM)
given to the computer, is first accepted (as is also found in the System Unit. It is the
input), then processed before supplied as primary memory of the computer. All
information (output). processing operations are stored in the RAM.
 Computer is controlled by a stored program – a The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) is
program is a set of instructions which tells the responsible for the calculations, comparison
computer what to do. The program is stored in and logical operations done by the computer.
 The Input Devices – these are devices that
receive data by the computer and from the
user. Input devices are used to instruct the
computer on what to do. Examples are the
mouse, keyboard, scanner, microphone,
barcode reader, biometric devices, stylus pen,
webcam, joystick, light pen, touchscreen etc.

The Output Devices – these are devices that

give out information by the computer and to
the user. While the computer processes data
and after the processing, the information is
displayed or given on the output devices.
Examples are the monitor, printer, plotter,
projector, speakers, cooling fan, Braille device,
Virtual Reality (VR) headset, Augmented
Reality (AR) glasses, LED lights, Smart TV etc.

CLASS TASK

1. Define computer.
2. What are the various components of the system
unit?
3. List 5 output devices.
4. List 5 input devices.

TICKET-OUT

1. Classic Computer Studies Book 1 Page 46,

Revision Questions 1-8
 WEEK SIX relevant categories so that it may be used and
protected more efficiently.
DATA AND INFORMATION
1. Qualitative data: from the word quantity and
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners
characterizes attributes or properties of an
should be able to:
object. Example, colours, size, height, weight,
a) Understand the meaning of data and looks etc.
information. 2. Quantitative data: measured in numbers.

b) List the sources of data and information with

examples.
SOURCES OF DATA
c) State the qualities of good information.
The sources of data can only be classified into
two.

CONTENT 1. Primary Source: this is collected first hand

from an original source. It is data that has not
The term data is derived from the Latin word
been altered or changed. Methods of primary
‘datum’. It means ‘that which is given’. What
source of data involves interview, observation,
exactly is data? Data is simply any raw fact,
and questionnaire.
figure or symbol about an entity. An entity
2. Secondary Source: this is data that has already
could be an event, a group, a place or anything.
been collected by a primary source and
Data is a valuable asset for organisations. It can
available for use by anyone in need of it.
be used effectively to carry out various
Secondary data can be obtained by two
operations.
methods:
A computer receives data as input and i. Internal sources – accounting records, sales
processes it by following a set of instructions report, register, report card etc.
known as programs. However, data has no ii. External sources – official statistics, books,
meaning on its own. newspapers and journals, government reports,
web information etc.
Example of data: 23/02/1997, Ajibola Ahmed
Chinedu, 23c Coker Street, Dada close, Jibowu,
455639BA, 45kg etc. the following data given
FORMS OF DATA
above are useless on their own. Because one
would not understand what they mean or Data exist in various forms which are classified
represent until they have been processed. as follows:

1. Strings: also called labels. These are letters,

names, places, things etc. examples are A, B, C
CLASSIFICATION OF DATA
and D; Ade, Chidinma, Ahmed and Okon; Abuja,
Data is classified into two. Classification of data Benin, Kano and Lagos etc. they are a set of
is defined as the process of organizing data by items that are together.
2. Numerical data: these are data that can be Examples of information are result sheets,
analysed using statistical method. This data is annual reports, census report, admission list,
provided in numbers. composition on a particular topic, article on the
3. Alpha-numeric data: these are combination of newspapers and magazines, textbook etc.
strings and numbers. Example a residential
address like 23c Adekola street, Baba Avenue,
Lagos; a registration number like 23454UE4 CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION
etc.
4. Audio data: these are voice data. They are 1. Based on form in which it exists example
transferred to the computer by microphone. written, oral, visual and sensory.
Example a voice note. 2. Based on the time of occurrence example past,
5. Graphical data: these are pictures, diagrams, present and future.
labels etc. 3. Based on the frequency of occurrence example
continuous, hourly, daily, monthly, and
annually.
INFORMATION

When data is processed, interpreted, organized CLASS TASK

and structured; it is then presented as
information. Information is meaningful and 1. Define data
useful. Hence, information is define as 2. What are the classifications of data?
processed data. Information is the output after 3. List the forms of data with one example.
data (input) has been processed. Information is 4. What is information?
said to be credible if it meets the following 5. State 4 qualities of a good information
criteria:

1. It must be communicate to the recipient. TICKET-OUT

2. It must be in a language that the recipient
understands. Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 65,
3. It must be in a suitable form essay questions 1-5.
4. It must be relevant for achieving its purpose.

Qualities of Good Information

1. Accurate
2. Comprehensive
3. Economical
4. Meaningful
5. Relevant
6. Reliable
7. Suitable
8. Timely
 WEEK SEVEN other sound producing instruments were the
method of passing information. When the
INFORMATION TRANSMISSION
recipients hear the sound, they understand the
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners message that it conveys. It was used in war and
should be able to: other traditional events.
3. Smoke signals – in cases where someone got
a) Understand the meaning of information lost, smoke is used to identify the location of
transmission. such person. The smoke from the fire would tell
b) Explain the ancient and modern methods of the rescue team how close or how far they were
information transmission. from the lost person.
4. Symbols – the use of symbols was employed to
c) State the features of the various generations of pass message from one village to another. A
computers. white piece of cloth in time of war represented
peace/surrender, tying a red cloth to a cutlass
in a bush passes the message that there could
CONTENT be danger around. The military also made use
of symbols to convey secret messages.
Information is an important aspect of life.
5. Drawings – drawings were made on walls, trees
Information is used to learn about the past,
and on the ground in order to convey a message
work in the present and plan for the future.
to the recipients. Those who the messages were
Information transmission is the process of meant for could understand the drawings.
sending out processed data from one person or
place to another in a meaningful form and
through a communication medium. MODERN METHODS OF INFORMATION
TRANSMISSION
The provider of the information is called the
informant, while the receiver of the information 1. Writing – letters and memos can be hand
is called the recipient. written or typed with the use of a typewriter or
computer. These letters were sent to the
addresses of those who they were meant for.
ANCIENT METHODS OF INFORMATION 2. Print media – this is the use of a printing
TRANSMISSION machine to produce master copies that could be
duplicated. Printing allows for mass production
1. Oral method – the medium of communication of informative materials. They are clearer and
was the mouth. Information is carried from the sharper than typewritten ones.
informant to the recipients by mouth. 3. Radio – this is a voice transmission facility in
Discussions, storytelling and the use of a which broadcast messages are sent from radio
messenger or town crier were the methods stations to the bands on the radio. Radio bands
used to pass information. are frequency modulation (FM), amplitude
2. Sound – information was passed using sound. modulation (AM) and shortwave (SW).
The beating of drums, whistling, gongs and
4. Television – both voice and pictures are used to
send information to the recipients who watch
from their various locations
5. Internet – it is a network of computers. It is the
fastest and cheapest method of sourcing
information. It has no distance barrier.
Information is transferred from one computer
to the other in the form of files.
6. Fax Machine
7. Telephones
8. Telex
9. Satellite systems
10.Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM)

MEANS OF TRANSMITTING INFORMATION

1. Electronic means
2. Non-Electronic means

MEANS OF RECEIVING INFORMATION

1. Audio
2. Visual
3. Audiovisual

CLASS TASK

Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 63-64,

number 1-10

TICKET-OUT

Classic Computer Studies book 1, page 64,

Essay Questions 1-5.
 WEEK EIGHT Information and communication has gone
through various developments from one stage
I.C.T. EVOLUTION
to another. These stages is referred to as the
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners evolution of information communication. There
should be able to: are five distinct stages through which
information communication has evolved. They
a) Explain the concept of I.C.T. are:
b) List the stages of evolution of information
1. Invention of printing.
communication
2. Invention of radio.
c) Explain with examples what electronic & non- 3. Invention of television.
electronic devices are. 4. Invention of computer.
5. Invention of computer and ICT.

CONTENT
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Back in the days, people used oral means as the
major means of transmitting information from These are components that can control the flow
the informant to the receiver. As time of electric current and harness them for system
progressed and with the various development control. Electronic appliances make use of
eras that we have witnessed, transmission of electric currents; by converting the currents
information also became easier with different they receive and using it to function. Examples
newer means introduced. are television, radio, camera, computer,
washing machine, game consoles etc.
Information technology refers to the use of
electronic devices to receive, convert, store, Some modern electronic devices does not need
protect, process, transmit and receive to be plugged directly to the electrical source in
information. In simple terms, it is the use of order to gain electric currents to function. They
technology to transfer information. have an alternate current from a battery. This
battery can supply the device its needed power
Information and Communication Technology to function. Some examples are laptops, phones,
(I.C.T.) is the use of all forms of electronic tablets, smart watches, portable game consoles
communication to manage and process etc.
information effectively. I.C.T. is a tool for swift
development in many countries. NON-ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Telecommunication is the spread of These are machines that do not require electric
information, over distance, in form of signals, power to carry out its functions. They are
through communication media. Some mechanically built and are operated manually.
communication mediums are telegraph, Examples are binoculars, magnifier, sound
telephone, fax machine, radio, television etc. devices like horn and whistle, abacus, weighing
scale etc.
CLASS TASK

Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 63 & 64,

revision questions 1-10.

TICKET-OUT

Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 64,

essay questions 1-5
 WEEK NINE materials. To make use of an email in sending
and receiving mails, one would need to have an
I.C.T. APPLICATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE
email address.
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners
2. Video Conferencing: this is a system that allows
should be able to:
people to have conversations with one another,
a) Define the meaning of I.C.T. even if they are in different locations. It allows
them to be seen and heard right where they are,
b) State the new ways that ICT redefined as they also see and hear others at same spot. It
communication uses the following hardware – video camera,
c) Gives various uses of I.C.T. monitor, microphone, speakers, high-speed
internet connection. Businesses have benefitted
from this development as it means no travel
CONTENT cost, meetings can be scheduled in short
notices, business can be done from the confide
ICT means Information Communication of the home etc. example are Google Meet,
Technology. Today, everyone makes use of ICT Zoom Meetings, Facebook Live etc.
in one or many aspects of their lives.
Businesses have revolutionized with the 3. Mobile Telephone: it allows people to be
introduction of ICT. The government can now contacted while they are away from their
reach more people with the application of ICT residence. Today, the introduction of
in governance. Families can communicate with smartphones can help perform many tasks
each other, even if they are millions of beyond making and receiving calls.
kilometers away. Churches and mosques can 4. Voice-over Internet Protocol (VOIP): this is a
reach to a wider audience beyond physical system of transferring voice messages over the
services. The military has also applied ICT in internet. No telephone line is needed, the call
their operations. costs are low. Its clarity is dependent on the
These and many more are some of the ways internet speed. It can also include video.
that ICT is applied in our daily living. Examples are WhatsApp voice/video calls etc.

5. Social Media: this is the computer-mediated

technology that enables the sharing of
WAYS I.C.T. REDEFINED COMMUNICATION information, connecting with friends, sharing of
ideas and expression through virtual
Let us look at some ways ICT redefined
communities and social networks. Social media
communication.
platforms have become very popular today.
1. Electronic Mail (e-mail): this is a system that Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook is
allows messages to be sent and received by one of the richest men in the world. Other
internet enabled computers and phones. It is social media platforms are Instagram, Tick-Tok,
the most wide spread form of electronic Thread, Twitter, LinkedIn, Snapchat, Reddit etc.
communication. Emails can also contain
attachments like images, audio, and docx/PDF
6. Gaming: today, there are games that we can
interact while playing. Call of Duty, Candy
Crush, and FIFA etc. can be enjoyed with
friends from other countries or locations.

TICKET-OUT

1. Mention 3 uses of the mobile phone

2. Who are the current owners of Facebook,

Twitter, Instagram, Thread, LinkedIn, Flikr
 WEEK TEN The Manufacturing Industry has also seen ICT
aid its processes. Technology is applied to
I.C.T. APPLICATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE 2
easily carry out tasks that are dangerous for
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners humans ordinarily. Robots today are designed
should be able to: to carry out special functions like lifting heavy
loads.
a) State various areas of application of I.C.T.
In Science, ICT has helped to carry out
b) Express how they can apply ICT individually research, data analysis, space surveillance,
complex mathematical operations,
transportation of materials to space and orbit.
CONTENT
In Agriculture, ICT has helped to transform
Other applications of ICT in today’s world is rural farming into greater productivity and
seen in the Banking Sector, with the use of efficiency. There are automatic milking systems
Point of Sales (POS) machines to perform and other machinery that aids farmers today.
banking transactions and making payments
after purchase. In National Security, ICT has been helpful.
Surveillance cameras, alarm system, creation of
In Education, ICT has also helped with database for easy access to information.
platforms that aid teaching and learning, also
helps in the documentation, creation of ICT has also helped to create jobs for people.
database and computation of records. Apps like Jobs like website development, programming,
the Google Classroom, SchoolTry, Prodigy etc. coding and robotics, designing, software and
there are also reading platforms, examination hardware engineer etc.
platforms, and gaming software to help in
teaching and learning.
CLASS TASK
In Medicine and Health, ICT has helped to
produce heavy machinery that can help to Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 91-93,
detect by scanning, research and also produce number1-10
results of diagnosis. Gadgets like the Blood and
Glucose Monitor, Blood Pressure Monitor,
Massage Belt/Shoe, Heartbeat Monitor, X-Ray TICKET-OUT
Machine etc. has added to the medical and
Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 93, 1-5
healthy aids.
Junior Secondary School One

LEARNERS NOTE

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

SECOND TERM
 LEARNERS NOTE FOR JSS 1 SECOND TERM

SCHEME OF WORK

1. Introduction to Computer Monitor

2. The System Unit
3. Computer Ethics 1
4. Computer Ethics 2
5. Word Processing
6. Word Processing Practical 1
7. Data Processing
8. Features of Computer
9. The Keyboard
10. Correct Seating Posture
11. Revision
12. Examination

Instructional Materials:

1. Classic Computer Studies Book 1

2. Video & Picture Materials
 WEEK ONE Draw the monitor in your note book.

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER MONITOR

Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners TICKET-OUT

should be able to:
1. Go online and read about the two types of
a) State various areas of application of I.C.T. monitors.
2. Write a brief summary about the CRT and LCD
b) Express how they can apply ICT individually
Monitors.

CONTENT

The computer monitor is an output device that

displays visual information generated by the
computer. It is commonly referred to as a
screen or display. The monitor can display
image and text in a visual format that can easily
be understood by the user. It is an important
aspect of the computer system because it
allows the users to interact with the computer
visually.

Monitors can display different types of

information such as text, images, videos and
graphics. Monitors ranges in size, from small
portable sizes to large screen monitors.

There are two basic type of monitors:

1. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitors.

2. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitors.

Both types produce sharp images, but the LCD

monitors have the advantage of being much
thinner and lighter. CRT monitors, however, are
generally affordable than the LCD.

The monitor is also known as the Visual display

Unit (VDU)

CLASS TASK
 WEEK TWO that the computer uses to store data
temporarily when it is actively in use.
THE SYSTEM UNIT
The hard drive or SSD provides long term
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners
memory for the computer’s files and software.
should be able to:
The power supply unit provides power to all
a) Describe the System unit components in the system unit and regulates
the voltage of electricity flowing through them.
b) State the different parts of the system unit and The cooling system helps dissipate heat
their functions generated by the computer’s components to
prevent overheating and damage.

CONTENT

The System Unit is the main component of the The CPU – there are basically 3 parts that make
computer. It houses the entire hardware up the CPU. The Control Unit (CU), which is
component needed for the computer to responsible for the processing of all
function. The components in the system units instructions. The ALU, arithmetic and logic unit,
are: which is responsible for all calculations and
logical operations. The Register, which is the
1. The motherboard temporary memory that saves data as the
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) computer is actively in use.

3. Memory (RAM)

4. Hard drive/SSD storage CLASS TASK

5. Power supply unit 1. Go to the computer room and draw the System
unit you find.
6. Cooling fan
2. What is the function of the following parts of
The system unit is rectangular shaped with the system unit:
ports and connectors on its front and back case.
These ports are used to connect peripherals i. Motherboard
such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, Cd ROM, ii. RAM
External Storage devices, speakers, printers,
projectors etc. iii. Hard drive

The motherboard connects all internal iv. Cooling fan

components of the computer, including the
CPU, RAM and other expansion cards. The CPU
is the brain of the computer, responsible for the TICKET-OUT
execution of instructions and performing
calculations. RAM is the short term memory
Go online and look for the picture of a system
unit with labels. Draw the image and label it
accordingly in your note book.
 WEEK THREE 4. Computers and peripherals should be arranged
orderly, in manner of usage.
COMPUTER ETHICS
5. Electric cables or wires should not be exposed.
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners
should be able to: 6. Turn off all electrical appliance and socket
points after use.
a) Define computer ethics.
7. Do not remove the cables while it is in
b) List the ways of taking care of the computer
operations.
room.
8. Scan flash drives and other external storage
devices before use.
CONTENT
9. Do not change the settings on the computer
Ethics are moral principles that govern the system.
behavior of an individual or a group. Computer
10. Do not spill liquid on the computer system.
ethics are moral principles that govern or
regulate the usage of computers. It also 11. Keep the computer away from direct sunlight.
includes the way we take care of the computer
12. Shutdown the computer properly.
room. A computer room is a place where the
computer and other peripheral devices are kept 13. Do not allow unauthorized users to operate the
for use/storage. A computer room can also be computer.
called a computer laboratory. This is where
many networked computers are stationed for 14. Report all challenges and issues to the ICT
public use. Officer.

A computer lab is not a Business Café because it

is of free access. It can be found in libraries, Good conduct in the Computer Laboratory
schools, science labs, community centers and
government establishments. 1. Do not turn the computer room into a
playground.

2. Do not fight in the computer room.

The ways of taking care of a computer
room/laboratory: 3. Avoid close contact with the monitor. If
possible, use protective glasses.
1. The room should be well ventilated.
4. Do not bring magnetic objects close to the
2. Computer room should be kept neat and tidy at computer. It can damage the memory.
all times.
5. Do not smoke, eat or drink in the computer
3. Seating arrangements should be orderly to room. Smoke is dangerous to the computer;
create free access and passage from one point crumbs from food and liquid spill can damage
to another. the computer hardware.
6. Always sit in the correct posture when using
the computer.

CLASS TASK

1. Split the class in groups. Each group should

discuss other ways that they can take care of
the computer room/lab.

2. Write out 5 ways that computer users can take

care of the computer room.

TICKET-OUT

Classic Computer Studies book 1, page 108-109,

Revision questions 1-10
 WEEK FOUR 8. The computer room should be dust free. The
computers should be covered up after use to
COMPUTER ETHICS 2
avoid dust.
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners
9. There should be appropriate lighting system in
should be able to:
the computer room.
a) State the computer room management ethics.
10. A computer operating officer should always be
b) State responsible use of the internet. on stand-by.

CONTENT QUALITIES OF AN IDEAL COMPUTER LAB

As the use of computers is becoming imminent, 1. Appropriate ventilation

it is important for us to be familiar with ways to
2. Dust-free environment
avoid problems as we make use of them often.
3. Good lighting system
When computers are properly handles, they
function efficiently and serve for a very long 4. Vibration free surfaced tables
time. In most computer stations and facilities, it
5. Orderly arrangement of the computers
is normal to see sign posts that reads
“restricted area” or “no authorized access 6. Surge protector, Stabilizers and UPS
allowed”.

1. Fire extinguishers must be provided in case of

fire emergencies. RESPONSIBLE USE OF THE INTERNET

2. Computer rooms must be easily accessible and The computer room can be used to access the
located in a convenient place. internet for the following reasons>

3. There should be neat management of the cables 1. Chatting

and electrical wires. 2. Email services
4. Fire alarm should be provided to alert people in 3. Blogging
times of emergencies.
4. Research
5. There should be appropriate ventilation, air
conditioners to keep the room cool at all times. 5. Playing games

6. Voltage stabilizers should be provided to It is important that computer users are

control the voltage of electricity. responsible when using the internet in the
computer room. The following are ways users
7. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) should be can be responsible when using the internet:
provided to ensure continuous supply of power
when there is a need to switch between power 6. Be positive
sources.
7. Follow directions

8. Protect your data and information

9. Be responsible

10. Be yourself

CLASS TASK

Classic Computer studies Book 1, page 109,

Essay Questions 1-5
 WEEK FIVE 9. Scrivener

WORD PROCESSING 10. Google Docs

Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners 11. WPS

should be able to:

a) State various areas of application of I.C.T.

USES OF WORD PROCESSOR PACKAGES
b) Express how they can apply ICT individually
1. Editing: this is the process of adding and
removing some words, graphics etc.

CONTENT 2. Deleting: this is the process of erasing

unwanted letters, figures, graphics, sentence
Word processing is simply the process of using
etc.
computer to create, edit and print documents.
Of all computer applications, word processing 3. Formatting: this is the process of selecting the
is the most common. The computer needs to style of document that suits the work. Text can
have a word processor software installed be aligned right, left, centered or justified.
before the user can begin word processing. The Paper size, numbering, bullets etc.
monitor displays the softcopy of the document
4. Word wrap: this is the process of confining text
while the printer is used to get the hardcopy of
to defined margins.
the document.
5. Spell checker: this is the process of checking to
A word processor is a computer software used
see what words have been spelt wrongly and to
for creating, editing, formatting and printing of
make suggestion on how to correct them.
any sort of document. The work done on a
word processor can be saved in different file 6. Printing a document: the result of data
formats. processed can be printed out as hard copy from
a printer.
Examples of word processor software are:

1. Microsoft Word
FEATURES OF WORD PROCESSORS
2. WordPerfect
1. Insert Text: allows you to insert text anywhere
3. Lotus word Pro
in the document.
4. iWork Pages
2. Delete Text: allows to erase characters, word,
5. OpenOffice Writer lines or pages as easily as you can cross them
out on the paper.
6. Adobe InCopy
3. Cut and Paste: allows you to remove (cut) a
7. AbiWord
section of text from one place in a document
8. Microsoft Works and insert (paste) it somewhere else.
4. Copy: allows for duplication of a section of text. 1. Bold – Ctrl + B

5. Page size and margins: allows to adjust the 2. Center – Ctrl + E

page size and length.
3. Highlight – Ctrl + Shift + Any Directional Keys
6. Find and replace: allows to direct the word
4. Justify – Ctrl + J
processor to search for a particular word or
phrase. 5. Italics – Ctrl + I
7. File Management: allows to create, delete, move 6. Paste – Ctrl + V
and search for files
7. Underline - Ctrl + U
8. Font specification: allows to change font within
a document. For example, bold, italics, and 8. Select all - Ctrl + A
underlining. 9. Cut - Ctrl + X
9. Footnotes and cross-references: automates the 10. Undo - Ctrl + Z
numbering and placement of footnotes and
enables you to easily cross-reference other 11. Redo - Ctrl + Y
sections of the documents. 12. Save - Ctrl + S
10. Headers, footers and page numbering: allows 13. New document - Ctrl + N
for specific customized headers and footers
that the word processor would put at the top 14. Print - Ctrl + P
and bottom of every page.
15. Find - Ctrl + F
11. Layouts: allows to specify different margins
16. Replace - Ctrl + H
within a single document and to specify various
methods for indenting paragraphs. 17. Page break - Ctrl + Enter

12. Macros: a macro is a character or word that 18. Open document - Ctrl + O
represents a series of keystrokes.

13. Merges: allows the user to merge text from one

CLASS TASK
file to another.
Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 129-
14. Cross referencing: word processor provide
130, Revision questions 1-10.
tools for automatic update of cross-referencing
in documents that have references.

15. Thesaurus: a built-in thesaurus allows you to TICKET-OUT

search for synonyms without leaving the word
processor. Classic Computer Studies Book 1, age 130,
essay questions 1-5

WORD PROCESSING SHORT KEYS

 WEEK SIX tab in the ribbon contains many tools for
working with your documents. To display a
WORD PROCESSING PRACTICAL 1
different set of command, click the tab name.
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners
3. Across the bottom of the program window, the
should be able to:
status bar gives you information about the
a) Get started with Microsoft Word 2013 current documents.

b) Type and format a document on MS Word 2013 4. At the right end of the status bar is the view
toolbar, which provides tools for adjusting the
view of document content.
CONTENT 5. To save a file, select the file tab on the ribbon,
There are so many versions of Microsoft Word pick the save option and place the location
(MS Word). In this lesson, we would consider where you prefer the document saved. You
MS Word 2013. This version has more need to save the file with a name/title that best
improvements from the MS 2007. All suits what you are working on. Then hit the
commands in the older versions can also be save key.
carried out in this version. 6. You can also save an existing document with
Steps in Starting MS Word 2013 another title or in another format by clicking
the “file” tab on the ribbon and selecting the
1. Click the start button or go to the search bar “save as” option. Choose the location where you
and type Word 2013. Select the MS word 2013 would like to save the file and the desired
that pops up. format; then save.
2. Wait for the program to launch.

3. You can either choose from the existing CLASS TASK

documents saved or you start a new document.
1. Go to the computer room, start up the
In the MS Word 2013 program, the following computer and launch the MS Word 2013.
are seen in the work environment:
2. Start a new document and type a short
1. Title bar – which displays the name of the composition about yourself.
active document. At the right end of the title bar
are 5 options. The MS Help which can be 3. Title your composition “My Lovely Self”. Make
launched by tapping F1, the Ribbon Display this title bold and increase the font to 14.
Option, the minimize option, the restore down 4. Make sure that your work is justified.
and maximize option, the option marked X
which means close. 5. Save your work with your full name as the title.

2. Below the title bar is the Ribbon, which makes

all the capabilities of Word available in a single
TICKET-OUT
are so that the user can work efficiently. Each
Classic Computer Studies Book 1, Page 131-
132, Practical activity.
 WEEK SEVEN

DATA PROCESSING INFORMATION

Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners What then is Information? Information is
should be able to: processed data. Information is the result of
processing, manipulating and organizing data
a) Explain what data and information is.
in a way that it is meaningful to the receiver.
b) Understand the data processing cycle Data can be processed by humans, as well as
machines. When we solve equations, prepare a
c) Give reasons why computer is the best tool for
report and interpret science, we have
data processing
processed data to give information. Also,
calculators and computers can also process
data.
CONTENT

DATA
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
What do we mean by data? Is it the
subscription for surfing the internet? No. Data Data processing is the computer process that
are raw facts. It could be figures, words, converts data into information. This process
symbols or anything that have not been happens repeatedly. The repetitive nature of
processed into any meaningful form. data processing is called data processing cycle.
There are six stages of data processing cycle.
For example, John 7, Mary 8, Elvis 8, Sarah 9,
They are: data gathering or collection, data
Dave 9 and Julia 7. These names and numbers
collation or preparation, input stage, processing
tell us nothing meaningful. That is because it’s
stage, storage stage and output stage.
just a raw fact - data. But if we process it, we
can come up with an information like: John is 7 Data Gathering is the process of collecting data.
years old, so is Julia. Elvis and Mary are both 8 We can collect data from various sources and
years old. Sarah and Dave are the oldest. with diverse methods like interviews,
questionnaire, record review, observation etc.
We get information when data is processed.
before data are gathered, the following should
In English language, datum is singular for data.
be considered: the type of data needed, scope of
the data, purpose of the data, relevance of the
data, the plan for gathering and the methods for
TYPES OF DATA data collection.
1. Numeric Data like digits from 0 through 9 till Data Collation is the arrangement of data in
infinity. standard order. The data gathered is assembled
2. Alphabetic Data like the letters of the alphabet. in a particular order.
3. Alpha-Numeric Data like a mix of the digits,
alphabets and symbols. Input stage is the point where data are entered
into the device for processing, like the
 calculator or computer. In a computer, we make Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 140,
used of the input devices to input data. Revision questions 1-3

Processing Stage is when the computer works

on the data to produce the desired information.
The information produced are understandable
and useable. In computer, processing is done by
the Central Processing Unit (CPU).

Storage Stage is when the information is kept

safe for future use. It can be saved in the
computer system or any external storage
device such as flash drive, memory card etc.

Output Stage is when the result from the

processed data is displayed by means of
appropriate output device. The two main
output device are the monitor and the printer.
The output displayed on the monitor is known
as softcopy. The output printed out by the
printer is called hardcopy.

IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTER AS A TOOL

FOR DATA PROCESSING

Computer is very important in processing data

because:

1. It has increased accuracy

2. It has efficient storage facilities
3. It has access to information
4. It handles repetitive tasks
5. It helps for job simplification

CLASS TASK

Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 139-

140, Revision questions 1-6

TICKET-OUT
 WEEK EIGHT Accuracy – computers are very accurate.
Computational errors are minimized when
FEATURES OF COMPUTER
computers are used for data processing.
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners However, the accuracy of computer is
should be able to: dependent on the program (set of instructions)
that is running. Computer will only give back
a) List the features of a computer system what was given to it. Hence the term “garbage-
b) Explain in details, each feature of a computer in, garbage-out”.
system Diligence – computers do not get bored when
handling same tasks over and over again. They
do not change the result of repeated task,
CONTENT computer will continue doing same thing, and
The features of a computer system are the same way, as long as nothing is changed in its
characteristics a computer system should programming.
possess before it can be called a computer Versatility – computers are versatile machines
system. Any computer system that cannot carry and are capable of performing multiple tasks.
out these functions or possess these Computers can also perform tasks
characteristics is either faulty or not capable of simultaneously, automatically and
being called a computer. These features are: concurrently. Computer can perform tasks in
1. Speed the background, while other activities are also
being run.
2. Accuracy
Storage capacity – computers have large
3. Diligence storage capacity. They can store huge amount
of data and information in different formats.
4. Versatility
The higher the storage capacity, the more
5. Storage capacity information that can be stored on it.

6. Network connectivity Network connectivity – computers have the

in-built networking features that makes it easy
to connect with other computers in same or
Speed - computers work at an unbelievable different locations. These network features are
speed. A good computer should be capable of either hardware or software.
performing 2-3 million tasks per second. The
speed of computer in processing is dependent
on the size of the RAM. If the ram is too small CLASS TASK
for the multiple tasks, the computer might
Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 139-
freeze at intervals. This is interpreted by
140, Revision questions 1-6
laymen as ‘hanging’.
TICKET-OUT

Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 140,

Essay questions 1-4
 WEEK NINE power, putting the computer to sleep, volume
control etc.
THE KEYBOARD

Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners

should be able to: SECTION OF KEYS ON THE KEYBOARD

a) Describe the keyboard. 1. ALPHANUMERIC KEYS: a combination of

alphabetic and numeric keys. The keys of the
b) Describe the various section of keys on the
English alphabets (A-Z), the number digits (0-
keyboard
9) and symbols (!@%^&*).

2. FUNCTION KEYS: there are 12 function keys

CONTENT (F1 to F12). The function they perform vary
depending on the type of software being used.
The keyboard is a flat, rectangular board with a A standard keyboard has 10 function keys,
lot of keys (buttons) on it. The keyboard allows while an enhanced keyboard has 12 function
the user to input text and other commands just keys.
by simply pressing individual keys or a
combination of keys. It is the most basic input 3. NUMERIC KEYS: this section functions when
device and serves as the connection between the number lock key (Num Lock) is on. The
the CPU and the monitor. keys are located by the right side of the
keyboard. The numbers 0 to 9, symbols /*-+ are
There are four types of keyboard. They are: found in this section.
1. Standard keyboard – designed based on the 4. NAVIGATION KEYS: also called arrow keys or
first six letter arrangement QWERTY. It has no directional keys. There are only 4 keys here. Up
numerical section, as all numbers are on the arrow, down arrow, left arrow and right arrow.
second row in the arrangement 1234567890. It They are used to navigate the cursor around
has 10 function keys (F1 to F10). the screen of the monitor.
2. Extended keyboard – is basically or the 5. SPECIAL KEYS: also called computer keys or
Macintosh computers that contain up to 15 system keys. These are command buttons
function keys on the top row. It is generally readily interpreted by the computer. The Caps
referred to as an increased keyboard. lock, Shift, Alt, Page Up, Page Down, Enter,
3. Enhanced keyboard – it has 101 or 102 keys Delete, Windows key
with 12 function keys (F1 to F12). There is also
the addition of an extra Ctrl and Alt keys.
CLASS TASK
4. Multimedia keyboard – this is designed for
users to use frequently used programs. It has Draw the keyboard and label its sections.
special keys for access to the internet, music
and videos, email etc. it contain buttons that
give commands like turning off the computer TICKET-OUT
Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 148,
Revision questions 1-5
 WEEK TEN finish your work with aches and body pains. It
also helps for the proper flow of blood.
THE CORRECT SITTING POSTURE
1. Seat close to the keyboard.
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners
should be able to: 2. Adjust the keyboard height accordingly.

a) Describe the correct sitting posture when using 3. Position your monitor properly.
the computer.
4. Keep the document you are typing from
b) Identify wrong habits when using the directly in front of you.
computer.
5. Take short breaks when working to release the
tension in your muscles.

CONTENT 6. Exercise your hands by pushing on top of your

fingers and backwards resistance movements.
A workstation is the area where we work with
our computer system. Computers should be
kept on a desk or table. There should be a chair
CLASS TASK
where the user seats to make use of the
computer. Good and correct seating posture Visit your computer room and type the names
when at your workstation means that your of all your class mates. Remember to sit
shoulders are relaxed, your feet are flat on the properly as you teacher will monitor you.
ground and you are seated up straight.

It is important to maintain a correct seating

posture when typing. This will help you to no
Junior Secondary School One

LEARNERS NOTE

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

THIRD TERM
 LEARNERS NOTE FOR JSS 1 THIRD TERM

SCHEME OF WORK

1. Computer as a Tool for Processing Data

2. The Device
3. Types of Computer
4. Uses and Applications of Computer
5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer
6. Mastery of the Keyboard (Practical)
7. Screen Pointing Devices
8. Mouse Techniques
9. Revision
10. Examination

Instructional Materials:

1. Classic Computer Studies Book 1

2. Video & Picture Materials
 WEEK ONE millions of information around the word. These
information can be gotten in just a single click
COMPUTER AS A TOOL FOR DATA
via the internet. Research word is done easily
PROCESSING
and the various Artificial Intelligence (AI) of
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners today.
should be able to: 4. Handling Repetitive Tasks – if you were told to
do one thing over and over again, you might get
a) Explain the concept of computer in data tired of having to repeat a process. The
processing. computers can continue a single process as
b) Give reasons why computer is the best tool for many times as required by the user. Computers
data processing. do not complain or get tired of repetitive tasks,
as long as all things are working properly.
5. Job Simplification – today, a lot of jobs are easily
CONTENT performed with the use of the computer
We deal with data on a daily basis. These system. Budgeting and keeping records are
various data that we deal with can be lost or done much easier. Analytics and weather
become useless if they are not properly stored forecasting can also be performed by the
or processed. Computer helps us to process our computer system. Today, robots are being
raw facts (data), as we have studied previously. programmed to perform simple tasks like
But before the computer can do the work of washing vehicles, lifting heavy load etc.
processing, there are some qualities that the
computer must possess.

1. Accuracy – computer is very accurate. The CLASS TASK

information that computer provides is always List 5 benefits of using computer to process
sure and correct. This is dependent on how the data?
computer has been programmed. The term
GARBAGE IN = GARBAGE OUT is used to
describe that whatever is given to the computer
TICKET OUT
is exactly what the computer would give out.
For example, if the computer has been 1. What do we mean by the term GARBAGE IN =
programmed to give the result of 100 + 100 to GARBAGE OUT?
be 200, then whenever the computer is asked, it 2. List 3 types of storage devices you learnt.
would always give the exact result. 3. What benefit does the internet provide for
2. Efficient Storage – computers have high and computer in processing information?
efficient storage facilities that can store both 4. Give one example of repetitive task that the
millions of small and large files in different computer performs.
formats. These files can be retrieved when
needed. Flash drives, memory cards, hard disk
drives and CD/DVD are examples of storage
mediums for the computer. Today, computers
can also save documents online via the cloud
storage facilities provided.
3. Access to Information – computers are faster
than humans because they have access to
 WEEK TWO current. Electronic devices can function with a
stored or alternate electrical source like
THE DEVICE battery.
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners Many modern devices make use of both
should be able to: electrical and electronic system to function.
a) Define device. Examples Computer, Portable game consoles
etc.
b) State the classes of devices.

CLASS TASK
CONTENT
Classic Computer Studies Book 1, page 153,
A device is a machine designed for a specific
Revision questions 1-8
purpose. It is a piece of hardware inside or
outside the casing of a computer. Device can
provide input to the computer or output from
the computer or do both. Some devices can be TICKET-OUT
attached and detached from the computer
system. These devices are called peripheral Classic computer studies book 1, page 154,
devices. Examples are printer, keyboard, essay questions 1-3
mouse, headset etc.

CLASSES OF DEVICES

1. MECHANICAL DEVICE – they are built from

mechanical components such as levers and
gears, rather than electronic components.
Examples are adding machines and mechanical
counters.
2. ELECTRICAL DEVICE – they are devices that use
or generate electricity and transform it into
another form of energy, such as motion, heat or
light. Examples are generator, ceiling fan,
toaster, fuse, antenna etc.
3. ELECTRONIC DEVICE – these are devices that
can control or manipulate the flow of electrical
current for the purpose of information
processing and system control. Examples are
television, radio, computer, camera etc.
The main difference between electrical and
electronic devices is the fact that electronic
devices manipulate the electric current passing
through them in order to function, while
electrical devices gets powered by electrical
 WEEK THREE

TYPES OF COMPUTER HYBRID COMPUTERS

Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners These type of computers combine the qualities
should be able to: of both digital and analog computers. It
combines the counting flexibility of the digital
a) State the types of computers that we have. and the high speed of the analog. Examples are
b) Give examples of the different types of electrocardiograph (a machine used to monitor
computers. the electrical activity of the human heart.), X-
ray machine, the Automated Teller Machine
(ATM) etc.
CONTENT
CLASS TASK
Computers come in different sizes, for different
List the different types of computers we have
purposes and in different types. The different
with 2 examples for each.
types of computers in existence are based on
how they operate .There are three main types
of computers. The different types of computers
are: TICKET-OUT

1. Analog computers Identify what type of computers are the

2. Digital computers following:
3. Hybrid computers. 1.Smart phones
2.Tablet
3.Wall clock
DIGITAL COMPUTERS 4.Digital wristwatch
5.Weighing scale
They operate by counting. They carry out
arithmetic calculations and logical operations
with quantities represented as digits
(0123456789) or in binary form (0s and 1s).
Data is carried out in discrete form. This means
that the computer operates in steps. Example
are digital wristwatch, scientific calculators,
desktop, laptop, tablets etc.

ANALOG COMPUTERS

They use continuous physical phenomena or

quantities to solve problems. The values change
continuously in electrical, mechanical, or
hydraulic quantities to model the problem
being solved. Examples are speedometer of a
car, thermometer, voltmeter, traffic light etc.
 WEEK FOUR Computer Aided Instruction (CAI). Example
learning platforms like Duolingo, Google
USES AND APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER
classroom, Test Driller etc.
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners 2. We can apply computer in businesses to keep
should be able to: data and other records, through the use of
various Database Management Software.
a) State the various uses of computer. 3. In banking, computer has been employed to
b) Mention where and how computer can be make transactions easier and also remotely.
applied. The E-banking has helped users to be in control
of their money from their houses.
4. Computer is applied in recreation by playing
CONTENT games, fun activities and exciting programs.
5. Computer is applied in hospitals and other
health centers to aid diagnosis and treatment.
USES OF COMPUTER

1. Computer can be used in schools to teach and

learn.
2. Computer is used in hospitals for tests,
diagnosis and treatment.
3. Computers are used in organizing data
management and information.
4. Computers are used in government offices for
work and keeping records.
5. Computer is used in word processing i.e. typing
letters, memos and other documents.
6. Computer is used for fun and excitement.
7. Computer is used for networking and
socializing.
8. Computer is used to make research and
explore.
9. Computer is used to control machinery.
10. Computer is used by the military to aid
operations.
11. Computer is used by the scientists to make
scientific researches and space exploration.
12. Computer is used by businesses to aid buying,
selling and payment transactions.
13. Computer is used in the media.

APPLICATION OF COMPUTER

1. We apply computer in education through the

use of Computer Aided Learning (CAL) and
 WEEK FIVE 14. Location is no more a barriers, as we can
communicate with people who are thousands
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE
of kilometers away.
COMPUTER
15. Learning is fun with computer.
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners
should be able to:
DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
a) State the advantages and disadvantages of the
computer. 1. Computers are expensive.
b) Resolve to make use of computer for good 2. They can make us to abandon culture and
purposes. traditions.
3. Continuous exposure to white light from the
screen of computer monitors can damage the
CONTENT eye.
4. We can become addicted to computer games,
Computer can be very helpful to us yet, there blogging and social media.
are some area for us to be concerned about
5. We can get lazy and completely dependent on
when making use of the computer system.
computer for everything.
6. Information stored in the computer can fall into
the wrong hands.
ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER 7. Access to information that are not for us or our
1. Computer makes work easier and faster. age grade because it is readily available.
2. It helps us to simplify calculations. 8. Privacy can be breached by hackers.
3. It is useful for storing large amount of data and 9. Computers can be affected by virus, which can
information for a long period of time. cause damage to the system.
4. With the use of computer, communication is 10. Exposure to the bridge of copyright, plagiarism
easier. and intellectual theft.
5. We can now reach a wider audience.
6. Computer offers job opportunities like software
developers etc. CLASS TASK
7. Computer can function without supervision.
Mention 5 ways that computer has been of
8. With computer, we can multitask.
benefit to you.
9. With computer we can have access to millions of
information.
10. Social media and networking can be done
TICKET-OUT
effortlessly with the use of computer.
11. Computer helps us to access the internet. Give definition of the following:
12. With computer, we can access different gadgets
and devices. 1.Hacking
2.Phishing
13. With computer, we can present our ideas,
3.Pharming
business plans and other information in a
4.Computer virus
creative way that catches the eye. 5.Plagiarism
 WEEK SIX

MASTERY OF THE KEYBOARD

Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners

should be able to:

a) Understand the keys, finger placement and the

art of typing.
b) Find out their typing speed.
c) Practice typing effectively.

CONTENT

The keyboard is used to type all sorts of

documents. It is also used to give command and
enter data into the computer system.

It is important that a computer user masters

the keyboard to a very excellent level. The
keyboard is divided into sections.

Finger placement is important when using the

keyboard. It is important to type with all 10
fingers on both hands, as this increases your
typing speed.

The use of a typing practice software called

Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing will come in
handy in this lesson.

CLASS TASK

Go to the computer room and practice the use

of the keyboard using Mavis Beacon. Your
Teacher would be your guide.

TICKET-OUT

Find out your typing speed and work on

improving from beginner to intermediate level.
 WEEK SEVEN 5. Touchscreen: it allows users to directly
interact with the computer screen by touching
SCREEN POINTING DEVICES
it with their finger or a stylus. Various gestures
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners like tapping, swiping, pinching or rotating, can
should be able to: control the cursor or initiate actions.
6. Stylus Pen: it has the shape of a pen. It
c) Explain what a screen pointing device is. interacts with the screen by using either ends
d) Identify the various screen pointing devices of the pen. One end is pointed, while the other
that we have is round. It can also be used to write.
7. Joystick: also called a game pad. It is used to
control characters on the interface of a game
CONTENT software. It had both directional, analog and
Screen pointing devices are also known as some other buttons for various functions – as
computer pointing devices. They are input predefined by the software.
devices that allow users to interact with the
computer screen by providing a means to
control the cursor or pointer on the screen. CLASS TASK
There are various screen pointing devices used
today. 1. Define screen pointing devices.
2. Describe a mouse.
3. What do we use the joystick for?
VARIOUS SCREEN POINTING DEVICES

1. Mouse: the most commonly used pointing TICKET-OUT

device. It is a palm-sized device with one or
more buttons and (sometimes), a scrolling 1. What is the difference between touchpad and
wheel. Users move the mouse on a flat surface touchscreen?
to control the cursor on the screen. 2. Give 2 uses of the stylus pen.
2. Trackball: a stationary pointing device with a
ball on the top that can be rotated using fingers
or the palm of the hand. The rotation moves the
cursor on the screen. Trackballs are useful in
situations where space is limited or for
individuals with limited hand mobility.
3. Touchpad: its flat touch-sensitive surface
typically found on laptops. Users can control
the cursor by sliding their finger across the
touchpad. It often supports gestures like two-
finger scrolling or pinch-to-zoom.
4. Pointing Stick: also called a TrackPoint, is a
small, eraser-head-like pointing device located
between the keys on a laptop keyboard. Users
can move the cursor by applying pressure and
squeezing the stick in different directions.
 WEEK EIGHT 3. Click and drag – this is the process of clicking
the left button and moving the mouse to
MOUSE TECHNIQUES
another direction in order to move items from
Objectives: at the end of the lesson, learners one location or folder to another. When the
should be able to: button is clicked, it is not released until the
item moved has gotten to the desired location.
a) Explain the various mouse techniques that can
be applied.
b) Make use of the mouse and the various
CLASS TASK
techniques.
Go to the ICT Room and practice the various
mouse techniques that you have been taught.
CONTENT

The mouse is an input device used to send

command to the computer system. The mouse
can also be used as a pointer to identify various
area on the VDU, as programmed by the CPU.

The mouse is a small hand-sized device that is

connected to the CPU. It has 2 buttons (left and
right), and a wheel. There is a light sensor
under the mouse that helps it to move in
multiple directions.

There are few techniques that can be employed

when making use of the mouse. Some of them
are:

1. Clicking – it can also be called tapping. This is

the process of pressing any of the buttons on
the mouse. There are two buttons on the mouse
which perform different functions when
clicked.
I) Left click: this is the basic button tapped on the
mouse when executing commands. By simply
tapping the left button, various options can be
selected.
II) Right click: this is done by tapping the right
button on the mouse. This button brings up a
special dialogue box with other functions that
can be applied when work is done on the
computer system.
2. Double-clicking – also called double tapping.
This is the process of pressing the left button
twice and in quick succession in order to launch
a program or open a folder.