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Electromagnetic Theory and Quantum Physics

The document covers key concepts in electromagnetic theory and quantum physics, including the behavior of charges and the production of electromagnetic waves. It outlines important relationships such as the speed of light, energy of photons, and radiation pressure, as well as the characteristics of black bodies and relevant laws like Stefan-Boltzmann and Wien's Law. Additionally, it discusses the intensity of light and its dependence on various factors.

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62 views14 pages

Electromagnetic Theory and Quantum Physics

The document covers key concepts in electromagnetic theory and quantum physics, including the behavior of charges and the production of electromagnetic waves. It outlines important relationships such as the speed of light, energy of photons, and radiation pressure, as well as the characteristics of black bodies and relevant laws like Stefan-Boltzmann and Wien's Law. Additionally, it discusses the intensity of light and its dependence on various factors.

Uploaded by

pranaybadera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electromagnetic Theory and

Quantum Physics

Astronomy Olympiad Workshop, Narayana 4 July 2024


Dr. Abhishek Chitnis
Non moving charge ⇒ only Electric field

+ V = 0 m/s

Charge moving with constant velocity ⇒ Electric as well as Magnetic field

v
+

Accelerating Charge ⇒ Electric, Magnetic field and Electromagnetic radiation

a
+
Production of Electromagnetic wave

Vibrating
charged
particle
Production of Electromagnetic wave
400 nm 700 nm

Gamma Rays X - ray UV Infrared Rays Microwaves Radio waves

Wavelength Increases
Frequency Decreases
Energy Decreases
Important relationships
Where,
c = speed of light
● c=ν⋅λ=λ/T
ν = frequency of Light
● E=h⋅ν λ = Wavelength of Light
● E = hc / λ E = Energy of photon
● p=E/c h = Plank’s constant
T = Time period
● Prad = I / c (absorption of all radiation)
p = Momentum of photon
● Prad = 2I / c (reflection of all radiation)
Prad = Radiation Pressure
I = Intensity of Light
Ionized gas tail
e d g as tail forms due to solar
Ioniz
wind

Dust Dust tail forms due


tail to radiation
pressure of solar
radiation

● Photon carries energy and momentum


● On incident, it can transfer momentum to the particle
● Due to change in momentum of particle, it experiences the force
● If beam of radiation incident on large surface, then Force / Area = Radiation pressure
Few more relationships…

Energy of radiation
Intensity = = Also known as Emissive Power
Time × Area

Power
Intensity =
Area

Intensity of light ∝ number of photons

1
Intensity of light ∝
(Distance of a point from the source of light)2

Intensity of light ∝ (Amplitude)2


Ra
In dia
c i ti
de on
nt
Perfectly Black Body
● A body which absorbs all incident radiation
● At thermal equilibrium, Good absorber acts as good emitter
● It emits radiation of all possible wavelengths

● Stars can be treated as perfectly black body


Black body emission curve

λmax is a wavelength at which


intensity becomes maximum
Stefan - Boltzmann Law:
For Perfectly black body Where,

● Intensity = 𝜎 ⋅ T4 𝜎 is Stefan’s constant

● Power = 𝜎 ⋅ A ⋅ T4
𝜎 = 5.67 × 10−8 in SI unit
● Intensity = 𝜎 ⋅ (T4 - To4 ) A = area of a body
T = Temperature of a body
For ordinary hot body
To = Temperature of surrounding
● Intensity = 𝜎 ⋅ e ⋅ T4

Wien’s Law
● λmax ⋅ T = constant = 2.89 × 10-3 mK

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