State the factors affecting the value of g .
Fill in the blanks:
1. Gravitation is a force unless it involves a large mass.
2. is the quantity of matter contained in the body.
3. All objects experience when they get immersed in a fluid.
4. is the force acting on a body perpendicular to its surface.
5. is the state when the object does not weigh anything during free fall.
6. is responsible for formation of tides in thesea.
7. The motion of the moon around the earth is due to
8 . The weight of the object at the centre of the earth is
9. The weight of the body from pole to equator.
10. Pressure is a quantity.
.
P.E. of a person is maximum when he is –
a. a) standing
b. b) sitting on a chair
c. c) sitting on the ground
d. d) lying down on the ground
Work done by moon in moving around earth.
a. a) +ve
b. b) –ve
c. c) zero
d. d) unknown
Work is measured as product of
a. a) Force and time
b. b) Force and displacement
c. c) Power and displacement
d. d) Force and acceleration
If mass if the body is doubled, Kinetic energy will be –
a. a) same
b. b) halved
c. c) doubled
d. d) four times
This is not unit of work –
a. a) Joule
b. b) Nm
c. c) Kilowatt-sec
d. d) Dyne
The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy is — — — —-
a) Mechanical energy
b) Thermal energy
c) Potential energy
d) Kinetic Energy
A car is accelerated on a leveled road and attains a velocity 4 times of its initial velocity.
In this process, the kinetic energy of the car
a) Becomes twice to that of the initial
b) Becomes four times to that of the initial
c) Remains the same
d) Becomes 16 times to that of the initial
The momentum of a bullet of mass 20 g fired from a gun is 10 kg m/s. The kinetic
energy of this bullet in kJ will be:
(a) 25
(b) 2.5
(c) 0.25
(d) 5
The form of energy possessed by a flying bird is:
(a) Kinetic energy
(b) Potential energy
(c) Both kinetic and potential energy
(d) Can’t say
In the dams water is stored in the high reservoirs and then made to fall down. This
falling water then rotates the turbines to generate electricity. In this energy conversion
process can you tell the initial and final energies respectively?
(a) Kinetic energy and electrical energy
(b) Potential energy and kinetic energy
(c) Potential energy and electrical energy
(d) Kinetic energy and potential energy
A man of mass 50 kg jumps to a height of 1 m. His potential energy at the highest
2
point is(g = 10 m/s ):
(a) 50 J
(b) 500 J
(c) 5 J
(d) 5000 J
A microphone converts:
(a) Sound energy into mechanical energy in stereo system
(b) Sound energy into electrical energy in public address system
(c) Electrical energy into sound energy in ordinary telephone
(d) Microwave energy into sound energy in a mobile phone
An iron sphere of mass 10 kg has the same diameter as an aluminium sphere of mass
3.5 kg. Both spheres are dropped simultaneously from a tower. When they are 10
m above the ground, they have the same:
(a) Potential energy
(b) Momenta
(c) Acceleration
(d) Kinetic energy
When a body like earth is moving in a circular path the work done in that case is
zero because:
(a) Centripetal force acts in the direction of motion of the body
(b) Centripetal force acts along the radius of circular path
(c) Gravitational force acts along the radius of circular path
(d) Centrifugal force acts perpendicular to the radius of circular path
According to the law of conservation of energy,
(a) Energy cannot be created but can be destroyed
(b) Energy can be created but cannot be destroyed
(c) Energy can be created and destroyed
(d) Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred or converted
The work done during a roundtrip is not zero.
No force is required to move a body in its roundtrip.
The kinetic energy, with any reference, must be positive.
In the expression for kinetic energy, the velocity appears with power 2 and
mass is a scalar quantity.
A crane P lifts a car upto a certain height in 1 min. Another crane Q lifts
the same car upto the same height in 2 min. Then crane P consumes two times more
fuel than crane Q.
Crane P supplies two times more power than crane Q.
Watt hour has units of energy.
Kilowatt hour (kW h) is the unit of electric power.
A light body and heavy body have same momentum. Then they also
have same kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy depends on mass of the body.
When the force retards the motion of a body, the work done is
negative. Work done depends on angle between force and displacement.
A winded toy car, when placed on floor, starts moving.
Toy car has kinetic energy stored in it which facilitates its motion.
No work is done when a woman carrying a load on her head, walks on a
level road with a uniform velocity.
No work is done if force is perpendicular to the direction of displacement.
According to law of conservation of mechanical energy, change in potential
energy is equal and opposite to the change in kinetic energy.
Mechanical energy is not a conserved quantity.
Two masses m and 2 m are dropped from heights h and 2h. On reaching the
ground, which body will have a greater kinetic energy and why?
(a) Can a body have energy without having momentum? Explain.
(b) Can a body have momentum without having energy? Explain.
When a force retards the motion of a body, what is the nature of work done by the force?
State reason. List two examples of such a situation.
If a 100 J of work was done, when a force of 12.5 N acts, what was the distance moved
by the force? A mass of 10 kg is at a point A on a table. It is moved to a point B. If the
line joining A and B is horizontal, what is the work done on the object by the
gravitational force?
Name the transformation of energy involved in these cases.
a. (a)Electric Heater
b. (b) Dynamo
c. (c) Microphone
(d) Electric Cell
The potential energy of a body is 39600J. How high the body can rise if its mass is
20kg ?
How much work is done by a force of 10 N in moving an object through a distance of 4
m in the direction of the force.
A light and a heavy object have the same momentum. Find out the ratio of their
kinetic energies. Which one has a larger kinetic energy?
A rocket is moving up with a velocity v. If the velocity of this rocket is suddenly tripled,
what will be the ratio of two kinetic energies?
Calculate the work done in lifting 200 kg of water through a vertical height of 6 m.
Calculate the work required to be done to stop a car of 1500 kg moving at a velocity
of 60 km/h?
The power of a heart which beats 72 times in a minute is 1.2kW. Calculate the work
done by heart for each beat.
What is kinetic energy ? Derive out an expression for kinetic energy in terms of mass ,
m and velocity , v.
What happens to the kinetic energy when :
(i) the mass of the body is doubled at constant velocity?
( ii) the velocity of the body is doubled at constant mass?
(iii) the mass of the body is doubled but the velocity is reduced to half?
(a) Is it possible that a body be in accelerated motion under the action of a force, yet no
work is being done by the force? Explain with an example.
(b) Two bodies of masses m, and m2 have equal kinetic energies. What is the ratio
of their
linear momenta?
In each of the following a force, F is acting on an object of mass, m. The direction of
displacement is from west to east shown by the longer arrow. Observe the diagrams
carefully and state whether the work done by the force is negative, positive or zero.
Justify your answer.
A bullet of mass 15 g has a speed of 400 m/s. What is its kinetic energy? The
bullet strikes athick target and is brought to rest in 2 cm, calculate the average net force
acting on the bullet. What happens to kinetic energy originally in the bullet?
In an experiment to measure his power, a student records the time taken by him
in running up a flight of steps on a staircase. Use the following data to calculate the
power of the student: Number of steps = 28; Height of each step = 20 cm; Time taken
2
= 5.4 s. Mass of student = 55 Kg; Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s
When loading a truck, a man lifts boxes of 100 N each through a height of 1.5 m. (a)
How much work does he do in lifting one box? (b) How much energy is transferred
when one box is lifted? (c) If the man lifts 4 boxes per minute, at what power is he
2
working? (g = 10 m/s )
Work and energy are fundamental concepts in physics that help us understand the
physical world and the processes happening around us. Work is done when a force is
applied to an object, and the object moves in the direction of the applied force. It is
calculated as the product of force and displacement. The unit of work is joule (J). Energy,
on the other hand, is the ability to do work. It exists in different forms, such as
kinetic energy, potential energy, and various other forms like thermal energy, electrical
energy, and chemical energy. The law of conservation of energy states that energy
cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another.
Understanding the concepts of work and energy helps us analyze the efficiency of
machines, calculate the amount of work done, and comprehend various physical
phenomena.
a) When a force is applied to the object
b) When the object moves in the direction of the applied force
c) When the object remains stationary
d) When the object changes its shape
a) Force multiplied by velocity
b) Force multiplied by acceleration
c) Force multiplied by displacement
d) Force divided by time
a) Newton (N)
b) Meter (m)
c) Joule (J)
d) Watt (W)
a) The ability to do work
b) The force applied to an object
c) The distance traveled by an object
d) The mass of an object
a) It can be created
b) It can be destroyed
c) It can be transformed from one form to another
d) It remains constant
The principle of conservation of energy states that the energy in a system can neither be
created nor be destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another, but
the total energy of the system remains constant. Conservation of electrical energy to
various forms or viceversa along with devices is illustrated in the figure given below.
(a) no energy
(b) electrical energy
(c) kinetic energy
(d) potential energy.
(a) Chemical energy → Light energy → Electrical energy
(b) Electrical energy → Chemical energy → Electrical energy
(c) Chemical energy → Electrical energy → Light energy
(d) None of these.
(a) A microphone
(b) Bicycle
(c) Electric torch
(d) An electric bell
(a) only potential energy
(b) only kinetic energy
(c) half potential and half kinetic energy
(d) more kinetic and less potential energy.
State the law of conservation of energy? Show that when a body falls from a certain
height the total mechanical energy remains conserved.
(a) What is meant by mechanical energy ? State its two forms. State the law of
conservation of energy. Give an example in which we observe a continuous change
of one form of energy into another and vice-versa.
(b) Calculate the amount of work required to stop a car of 1000 kg moving with a speed
of 72 km/h.
justify giving proper reasoning whether the work done in the following cases is positive
or negative :
(a) Work done by a man in lifting a bucket out of a well by means of a rope tied to
the bucket.
(b) Work done by gravitational force in the above case.
(c) Work done by friction on a body sliding down an inclined plane.
(d) Work done by an applied force on a body moving on a rough horizontal plane
with uniform velocity.
(e) Work done by resistive force of airon a vibrating pendulum in bringing it to rest.
In which medium sound travels faster?
(a) Solid
(b) Liquid
(c) Gas
(d) None of these
Before playing the orchestra in a musical concert, a sitarist tries to adjust the tension and
pluck the string suitably. By doing so, he is adjusting
(a) intensity of sound only
(b) amplitude of sound only
(c) frequency of the sitar string with the frequency of other musical instruments
(d) loudness of sound
The unit of quantity on which pitch of the sound depends is :
(a) Hertz
(b) metre
(c) metre/second
(d) second
A key of a mechanical piano struck gently and then struck again but much harder this
time. In the second case
(a) sound will be louder but pitch will not be different
(b) sound will be louder and pitch will also be higher
(c) sound will be louder but pitch will be lower
(d) both loudness and pitch will remain unaffected
When we change feeble sound to loud sound we increase its
(a) frequency
(b) amplitude
(c) velocity
(d) wavelength
A SONAR echo takes 4.4s to return from a submarine. If the speed of sound in water
is 1500 m/s, then the distance of submarine from the sonar is - :
(a) 1500 m
(b) 3000 m
(c) 3300 m
(d) 3600 m
Nature of sound wave is :
(a) transverse
(b) longitudinal
(c) electromagnetic
(d) seismic
Sound waves can not pass through :
(a) A solid liquid mixture
(b) A liquid gas mixture
(c) An ideal gas
(d) A perfect vacuum
Ultrasonic frequency range is :
(a) Below 20 Hz
(b) 20 Hz to 20 kHz
(c) Above 20 kHz
(d) No limit
Infrasonic frequency range is
(a) Below 20 Hz
(b) 20 Hz to 20 kHz
(c) Above 20 kHz
(d) No limit
When sound waves traveling in air enter into the medium of water, the quantity which
remains unchanged is :
(a) Wavelength
(b) Velocity
(c) Frequency
(d) None
The flash of lightening is seen before the sound of thunder is
heard. Speed of sound is greater than speed of light.
Two persons on the surface of moon cannot talk to each other.
There is no atmosphere on moon.
The waves in which the individual particles ot the medium move about their
mean positions in a direction perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, is known
as Transverse waves.
The loudness or softness of a sound is determined basically by its amplitude.
The matter or substance through which sound is transmitted is called a
medium
Sound moves through a medium from the point of generation
to the listener.
Sound waves are characterised by the motion of particles in the medium and are called
mechanical waves.
Air is the most common medium through which sound travels.
Draw a graphical representation of the wave shape for (a) low pitched sound (b) a high
pitched sound.
What is reverberation? How can it be reduced? (Mention any two ways)
A sound source produces 40 crests and 40 troughs in 0.4 s. Find the frequency and time
period of the wave.
A child hears an echo from a cliff 4 seconds after the sound from a powerful cracker is
produced. How far away is the cliff from the child? (Take velocity of sound in air as 340
m/s).
A sound wave causes the density of air at a place to oscillate 1200 times in 2 minutes.
Find the time period and frequency of the wave.
Represent graphically any two separate diagrams in each case:
(i) Two sound waves having the same amplitude but different frequencies.
(ii) Two sound waves having the same frequency but different amplitudes.
(iii) Two sound waves having different amplitudes and also different wavelengths
Give reasons for the following:
(a) The reverberation time of a hall used for speeches should be very short.
(b) A vibrating body produces sound. However , no sound is heard when a
simple pendulum oscillates in air.
( c ) Sounds of same loudness and pitch but produced by different musical instruments like
a violin and flute are distinguishable.
Prove that v = vλ, where the symbols have their usual meanings
Sound is produced by vibrating objects. The matter or substance through which sound is
transmitted is called a medium. It can be solid, liquid or gas. Sound moves through
a medium from the point of generation to the listener. When an object vibrates, it sets
the particles of the medium around it vibrating. The particles do not travel all the way
from the vibrating object to the ear. Sound waves are characterized by the motion of
particles in the medium and are called mechanical waves.When a vibrating
objectmoves forward, it pushes and compresses theair in front of it creating a region of
highpressure; this region
is called a compression(C).When the vibrating object moves backwards,it creates a region
of low pressure calledrarefaction (R). Hence sound is longitudinal wave.
(a) Mechanical waves
(b) Electromagnetic wave
(c) Transverse waves
(d) None of these
(a) Compression and rare fraction
(b) Crest and trough
(c) Both can be possible
(d) None of these
(a) High pressure
(b) Low pressure
(c) Medium pressure
(d) None of these