High Institute of Engineering & Technology

Basic Science Department

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Experiment 4

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Dr.
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Dr. Dalia Rashad Emam

 Experiment 4
Analysis of a mixture from hydrochloric acid (HCl) and phosphoric
acid (H3PO4) by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (0.1 N)

Equation:

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NaOH + H3PO4 NaH2PO4 + H 2O

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NaOH + NaH2PO4 Na2HPO4 + H 2O

NaOH + Na2HPO4 Na3PO4

d + H 2O
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3NaOH + H3PO4 Na3PO4 + 3H2O
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NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

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Procedure:
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1- In case of M.O.
1- Fill the burette with NaOH until zero mark.
2- Transfer 10 ml of mixture using pipette to the conical flask.
3- Add 2 drops of M.O. and swirl to mix well. A red color will appear.
4- Titrate against NaOH taken in burette drop by drop; shake well until the
color changed from red to orange. Record the burette volume.

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End point: red to orange NaOH V1

10 ml mixture + 2 drops M.O.

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V1 of NaOH ≡ ml
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V1 = The volume of NaOH ≡ all HCl + ⅓ H3PO4 → 1
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NaOH + H3PO4 NaH2PO4 + H2O

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NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

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 2- In case of Ph.Ph.
1- Fill the burette with NaOH until zero mark
2- Transfer 10 ml of mixture using pipette to the conical flask.
3- Add 2 drops of Ph. Ph and swirl to mix well.
4- Titrate against NaOH taken in burette drop by drop; shake well until the
color changed from colorless to faint pink. Record the burette volume.

NaOH V2

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End point: colorless to pink

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10 ml mixture + 2 drops Ph. Ph.

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V2 of NaOH ≡ ml
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V2= The volume of NaOH ≡ all HCl + ⅔ H3PO4 → 2

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NaOH + H3PO4 NaH2PO4 + H2O

NaOH + NaH2PO4 Na2HPO4 + H2O

NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

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 3(V2 – V1) ≡ H3PO4

2V1 – V2 ≡ HCl

Calculation:

Normality and strength for H3PO4

(N x V) NaOH = (N x V) H3PO4

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0.1 x 3(V2 – V1) = (N x 10) H3PO4

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N= -------- gm. eqwt / L
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S = N x Eq. wt.
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Mol. wt.
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Eq. wt. of H3PO4 = --------------------

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Eq. wt. of H3PO4 = ---------------- = 32.66

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Mass number
H = 1, P = 31, O = 16

S = N x 32.66 = ---------- gm / L

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 Normality and strength for HCl
(N x V) NaOH = (N x V) HCl

0.1 x 2V1 – V2 = (N x 10) HCl

N= -------- gm. eqwt / L

S = N x Eq. wt

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Mol. wt.
Eq. wt. of HCl = ----------------------
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36.5
Eq. wt. of HCl = -------------- = 36.5
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Mass number
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H = 1 Cl = 35.5
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S = N x 36.5 = ---------- gm / L
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