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LEC-6 Probability and Stats

The document discusses various graphical representations of frequency distributions, including histograms, frequency polygons, and frequency curves. It explains how to construct these graphs for both equal and unequal class intervals, as well as when to use each type of graph. The conclusion emphasizes the effectiveness of visual aids in simplifying the understanding and interpretation of statistical data.

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15 views13 pages

LEC-6 Probability and Stats

The document discusses various graphical representations of frequency distributions, including histograms, frequency polygons, and frequency curves. It explains how to construct these graphs for both equal and unequal class intervals, as well as when to use each type of graph. The conclusion emphasizes the effectiveness of visual aids in simplifying the understanding and interpretation of statistical data.

Uploaded by

noobrusher959
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LECTURE 6

Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Frequency


Curve, Cumulative Frequency Curve.
HISTOGRAM:
A histogram is essentially a bar graph of a frequency
distribution.
It can be constructed for equal as well as unequal class
intervals.
Area of any rectangle of a histogram is proportional to the
frequency of that class.
When do we use
histogram ?
 Whendata are given in the form of frequencies.
 Whenclass interval has to be displayed by a diagram.
How to make Histogram ?
Histogram for equal class width:
Class Freq
Interval .
(Height in
cm)
155-160 3

160-165 2

165-170 9

170-175 7

175-180 10

180-185 5

185-190 5

190-195 1
Histogram for unequal class width:

Class Fre Class Frequency


bound que Widt Density
ary ncy h
0-10 8 10 8/10=0.8

10-15 6 5 6/5= 1.2

15-20 12 5

20-24 14 4

24-35 7 11

35-40 3 5
FREQUENCY PLOYGON:

 Afrequency polygon is essentially a line graph .


 We can get it from a histogram, if the mid points of the upper bases
of the rectangles are connected by straight lines.
 But it is not essential to plot a histogram first to draw it.
 We can construct it directly from a given frequency distribution.
When do we use Frequency polygon?
o Whendata are given in the form of frequencies.
o When two or more groups have to be displayed in one
diagram.
o Whentwo or more groups are to be compared.
How to draw frequency
Height in polygon?
Mid frequen
Cm value cy
(class
interval)

150-154 152 10

154-158 156 15

158-162 160 20

162-166 164 12

166-170 168 8
FREQUENCY
CURVE:
 Frequency curve is another type of graphical representation of data.
 When then top points of a frequency polygon are joined not by
straight lines but by curved ones.
 Frequency polygon is drawn using scale while while Frequency curve
is drawn using free hand.
FREQUENCY POLYGON
V/S
FREQUENCY CURVE
When do we use frequency curve ?

Whenthe number of class intervals are very large i.e.,width of the


class intervals are very small and the total number of sample values
be increased indefinitely.
CONCLUSION
So we can conclude that statistical data may be
presented in a more attractive form with the help
of some graphic aids i.e., pictures and diagrams
which carries a lot of communication power and
the task of understand and interpretation of data
becomes simple, accurate and practicable.

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