Microprocessor & Computer Architecture
Compiled By: Er.Omkar Nath Gupta
1
[email protected] Instruction Set 8085
An instruction is a binary pattern designed inside a microprocessor to perform a
specific function. The entire group of instructions that a microprocessor supports
is called Instruction Set.
8085 has 246 instructions. Each instruction is represented by an 8-bit binary
value. These 8-bits of binary value is called Op-Code or Instruction Byte.
The 8085 instruction set is of three groups according to word size:
i. One-byte instructions
ii. Two-byte instructions
iii. Three-byte instructions
In the 8085 microprocessor, byte and words are synonymous because it is an 8-bit
microprocessor. But, instructions are commonly referred to in terms of bytes rather
than words
i. One-byte instructions
A one-byte instruction includes a op-code and a operand in the same byte. Operand(s)
are internal registers and are in the instruction in form of codes. If there is no numeral
present in the instruction then that instruction will be of one-byte.
Example: MOV C, A, and ADD B, etc.
ii. Two-byte instructions
In a two-byte instruction, the first byte specifies the operation code and second byte
specifies the operand. Source operand is a data byte and immediately following the
op-code. If an 8-bit numeral is present in the instruction then that instruction will be
of two-byte. In a two-byte instruction, the first byte will be the op-code and the
second byte will be for the numeral present in the instruction.
Example: MVI A, 35H and IN 29H, etc.
iii. Three-byte instructions
In a three-byte instruction, the first byte specifies the op-code, and the following two
bytes specify the 16-bit operand. The second byte is the low-order operand and the
third byte is the high-order operand. If a 16-bit numeral is present in the instruction
then that instruction will be of three-byte
Example: LXI H,3500H and STA 2500H, etc.
Classification of Instructions :
i. Data Transfer Instruction
ii. Arithmetic Instructions
iii. Logical Instructions
iv. Branching Instructions
v. Control Instructions
i. Data Transfer Instruction :
These instructions move data between registers, or between memory and registers.
These instructions copy data from source to destination. While copying, the contents
of source are not modified.
Example: MOV, MVI
ii. Arithmetic Instructions:
These instructions perform the operations like addition, subtraction, increment and
decrement.
Example: ADD, SUB, INR, DCR
iii. Logical Instructions :
These instructions perform logical operations on data stored in registers and memory.
The logical operations are: AND, OR, XOR, Rotate, Compare and Complement.
Example: ANA, ORA, RAR, RAL, CMP, CMA
iv. Branching Instructions :
Branching instructions refer to the act of switching execution to a different
instruction sequence as a result of executing a branch instruction. The three types of
branching instructions are: Jump, Call and Return.
v. Control Instructions :
The control instructions control the operation of microprocessor.
Examples: HLT, NOP, EI (Enable Interrupt), DI (Disable Interrupt).
Instruction Set Detail From Book
