Complex Numbers

Complex Numbers 2.1

Questions from Previous Years’ AIEEE/Jee Main 5. | zw | = | z || w | = |z||w| = |zw| = 1
Examination Papers Arg ( zw ) = arg (w) + arg ( z )
1. Let |z| = |w| = r and Arg (w) = q, = arg (w) – arg (z) = – p/2
so that Arg (z) = p – q. We have \ z w = | z w|[cos(– p/2) + i sin (–p/2)] = – i
z = r[cos (p – q) + i sin (p – q)] 6. z1 + z2 = – a, z1z2 = b
= r[–cos q + i sin q] As 0 , z1, z2 for an equilateral triangle,
= –r(cos q – i sin q) = – w 02 + z21 + z22 = 0(z1) + 0(z2) + z1z2

2. fi (z1+ z2)2 = 3z1z2 fi a2 = 3b.

Y
7. z + iw = 0 fi z + iw = 0 fi z – iw = 0
Now, arg (zw) = p
Ê z2 ˆ
fi arg Á ˜ = p
O 2 3 4 X Ë i ¯
2
fi arg (z ) – arg (i) = p
fi 2 arg (z) – p/2 = p
fi arg (z) = 3p/4
1/3
8. z = p + iq
Fig. 2.63
fi x – iy = (p + iq)3
If z satisfies |z – 4| = |z – 2|, then z lies on
the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining fi = p3 + 3p2(iq) + 3p (iq)2 + (iq)3
z = 2 and z = 4. fi x = p3 – 3pq2 and – y = 3p2q – q3
i.e., |z – 4| = |z – 2| fi Re(z) = 3. x -y
fi    = p 2 - 3q 2 and = 3 p2 - q2
As z = 0 does not satisfy |z – 4| < |z – 2|, we get p q
|z – 4| < |z – 2| represents the region Re(z) > 3.
fi x + y = -2( p 2 + q 2 )
3. Suppose |z – w| = r touches |z – z1| = a and |z – z2| p q
= b externally. Ê x yˆ
Then |w – z1| = a + r, |w – z2| = b + r
\ ÁË p + q ˜¯ ( p 2 + q 2 ) = -2
fi |w – z1| – |w – z2| = a – b
9. |z2 – 1| = |z|2 + 1 can be written as |z2 +(–1)|
= |z2| + |–1|
fi w lies on a hyperbola with foci at z1 and z2

z2
¤
is a non-negative real number.
a
-1
r
Z1 ¤ z2 is a non-positive real number.

¤ z lies on the imaginary axis.

W r
b Alternative solution
Z2
Let z = x + iy then |z2 – 1| = |z|2 + 1, we get
Fig. 2.64 |(x2 – y2 – 1) + 2ixy| = x2 + y2 + 1
fi ( x 2 - y 2 - 1)2 + 4 x 2 y 2 = x 2 + y 2 + 1

4. As 1 = – i2,
x x
x fi (x2 – y2)2 + 1 – 2 (x2 – y2) + 4x2y2
Ê 1 + i ˆ = Ê -i + i ˆ = Ê i(1 - i ) ˆ = i x
2
2
2 2
1 = ÁË ˜¯ ÁË 1 - i ˜¯ Á
Ë 1- i ¯ ˜ = (x + y + 1)
1- i
fi (x2 + y2)2 + 1– 2(x2 – y2) = (x2 + y2)2 + 1

fi x = 4n for some n ΠN.

 + 2(x2 + y2)

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 2.2 Complete Mathematics—JEE Main
fi – 4x2 = 0 fi x = 0
15. |z + 4| £ 3 represents the interior and boundary of
\ z lies on the imaginary axis.
the circle with centre at (–4, 0) and radius = 3. See
Figure.
10. (x –1)3 = – 8
3
fi Ê - x - 1ˆ = 1

Ë 2 ¯
x -1
fi - = 1, w , w 2
2
fi x = – 1, 1 – 2w, 1– 2w2

1 Fig. 2.65
11. |w| = 1 fi |z| = z - i
3
1 As – 1 is an end point of a diameter of the circle,
fi z is equidistant from z = 0 and z = i. Thus, z

3 maximum possible value of |z + 1| is 6 which is
lies on the perpendicular bisector of the segment attained when z = – 7
joining z = 0 and z = i/3. Therefore, z lies on a 1 1 1 -1
straight line. 16. z = fi z = = =
i -1 i - 1 -i - 1 i + 1
12. |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|
4 4 4
17. |z| – £ |z| – £ z- =2
¤ z1, z2 lie on a ray through the origin O and
|z| |z| z
same side of the origin fi 2
|z| – 2|z| – 4 £ 0
¤ arg (z1) = arg (z2)
fi (|z| – 1)2 £ 5
fi |z| £ 5 + 1
2 kp 2 kp 18. z is equidistant from A(1 + 0i), B(–1 + 0i) and C(0
+ i cos
13. sin
11 11 + i). Thus, z is circumcentre of DABC, that is, there
2k p 2k p ˆ is exaclty one such z.
= i Ê cos - i sin
Ë 11 11 ¯ 19. (1 + w)7 = (– w2)7 = (– w2)6(– w2) = – w2
k
= iw
= 1 + w
2p 2p
where w = cos - i sin \ A = 1, B = 1

11 11
10 2k p 2k p ˆ 20. As a, b Œ R, the roots of z2 + a z + b = 0 are of
Thus, S = Â Ê sin + i cos the form
k =1
Ë 11 11 ¯
1 + ia, 1 – ia, where a Œ R, a π 0.
10
k Ê w - w 11 ˆ Now, b = (1 + ia)(1 – ia) = 1 + a2 > 1
= i  w = i Á
k =1 Ë 1 - w ˜¯
fi b Œ (1, •)

But w11 = cos 2p – i sin 2p = 1
z2
21. As is real, we get
\ S=–i
z -1
14. z2 + z + 1 = 0 fi z = w or w2 z2 z2
=
where w is complex cube root of unity. z -1 z -1

1 ¤ z 2 ( z - 1) = z 2 ( z - 1)

Let   z = w, so that = w2
z ¤ zz ( z - z ) - ( z - z )( z + z ) = 0
Thus,
2 2 2 2 ¤ ( z - z )( zz - z - z ) = 0
Ê z + 1 ˆ + Ê z 2 + 1 ˆ + Ê z3 + 1 ˆ +  + Ê z6 + 1 ˆ
ÁË ˜¯ ÁË ˜ Á ˜ Á ˜
z z2 ¯ Ë z3 ¯ Ë z6 ¯ ¤ z - z = 0 or zz - z - z = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
= (–1) + (–1) + (2) + (–1) + (–1) + (2) fi z lies on the real axis

= 12.   or z lies on a circle through the origin.

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 Complex Numbers 2.3
22. Area of triangle is
fi a - i + 2 (a + 1)2 + 1 + i = 0

z z 1 fi a2 = 2 (a2 + 2a + 2)

1
D= | iz -iz 1 | fi a2 + 4a + 4 = 0
fi (a + 2)2 = 0
4
z + iz z - iz 1 \ a=–2
Using R3 Æ R3 – R1 – R2, we get Thus, z = – 2 – i fi |z| = 5
z z 1 1 1 3
1 28. z + ≥|z|- ≥
D = | iz - iz 1 | 2 2 2
4 Minimum value 3/2 of |z + 1/2| is attained when
0 0 -1
1 1 z = Р2, and 3/2 Π(1, 2).
= | - zz - izz | = | z |2
4 2
23. |z| = 1 fi zz = 1
1+ z ˆ Ê 1+ z ˆ
arg ÊÁ ˜ = arg Á
Ë1+ z ¯ Ë 1 + 1/ z ˜¯
= arg (z) = q
24. Let z2/z1 = ik where k is a real number.
2 z1 + 3z2 2 / 3 + z2 / z1 2 / 3 + ik
= = =1
2 z1 - 3z2
2 / 3 - z2 / z1 2 / 3 - ik
1 + z2 1 Fig. 2.66
25. Let w = . Im (w ) = (w - w )
2iz 2 29. w - wz = k(1 – z)
1 + z 2 1 + (1 / z ) 2
For |z| = 1, w = = fi 
w – k = z( w - k )
-2iz -2i(1 / z )
fi
|w – k| = | z || w - k |
z2 + 1
= = -w
= |z||w – k|
-2iz
1 As Im (w) π 0, |w – k| π 0
Thus, Im(w) = (w + w ) = -iw
2i \ |z| = 1
1Ê 1ˆ 1
= - Á z + ˜ = - ( z + z ) Also, z π 1 for otherwise w = w
2Ë z¯ 2
1 fi Im(w) = 0

= - (2 cosq ) = - cosq
2 Êz ˆ
30. arg Ê 1 ˆ + arg Á 2 ˜
z
[{ |z| = 1 fi z = cos q + isin q] ÁË z ˜¯ Ë z3 ¯
4
As z π 1, q π 0 and as z π –1, q π p 2
= arg Ê z1z2 ˆ = arg Ê | z1 | ˆ = 0
\ a Œ (–1, 1) ÁË z z ˜¯ Á
Ë | z3 |2 ˜¯
4 3

26. z = 1 - z fi z + z =1 31. Let z - i = ik , where k ΠR.

1 p z+i
fi 2 Re(z) = 1 fi Re (z) = = cos fi z – i = ikz – k
2 3
As |z| = 1, Re(z) = cos(p/3), fi
z(1– ik) = – k + i
Im (z) = ± sin (p/3)
-k + i
Thus, arg (z) = ± p/3 fi
z=
1 - ik
\ statement-1 is false and statement-2 is true .
2
2 k +1
Note that | z | = =1
27. Im(z) + 1 = 0 Im(z) = –1 1+ k2
Let z = a – i fi zz = 1
fi z = 1/z
Now, z + 2 | z + 1 | +i = 0

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 2.4 Complete Mathematics—JEE Main

1 we get |z – 1| £ |z + i| represents the region lying

Thus, z + = z + z , which is a real number. above the line x + y = 0
z
Largest value of r is length of perpendicular from
Also, z + z = 0 (4, 1) to the line x + y = 0, that is,
fi 2Re(z) = 0
fi Re(z) = 0 | 4 + 1| 5 5
largest r = = = 2.
fi z = ai for some a ΠR.
1+1 2 2

But in this case 35. Let z = r (sin q + isin q)
z-i As z is non-real complex number, Im (z) π 0
is a real number
z+i
z5= r5 [sin (5q) + isin (5q)]

Therefore, z + z π 0 .
32. (1+ ai)2 = x + iy fi
(Im(z))5 = r5 sin5q
fi 1 – a2 + 2ai = x + iy
and Im (z5) = r5 sin(5q)
fi 1 – a2 = x, 2a = y

Im( z 5 ) sin(5q )
fi 1 - ( y / 2) = x
2 Thus, =
(Im( z ))5 sin5 q
fi 4 – y2 = 4x

But sin (5q) = 16 sin5 q – 20 sin3 q + 5 sin q
2
fi y + 4x – 4 = 0

sin(5q )
fi
= 16 – 20 cosec2 q + 5 cosec4 q
33. z1 - 2 z2 = 1 sin 5 q
2 - z1z2 = 5(cosec4 q – 4 cosec2 q + 4) – 4
¤ | z1 - 2 z2 |2 = | 2 - z1z2 |2 = 5(cosec2 q – 2)2 – 4 ≥ – 4
¤ | z1 |2 + 4 | z2 |2 - 2 z1z2 - 2 z1z2
Thus, the least value of
2 2
= 4 + | z1 | | z2 | - 2 z1z2 - 2 z1z2 sin(5q )
5 is – 4 which is attained when q = p/4.
2 2 2
¤ |z1| |z2| – |z1| – 4|z2| + 4 = 0
2 sin q
2 + 3i sin q
¤ (|z1|2 – 4) (|z1|2 – 1) = 0
36. As z = is purely imaginary, Re(z) = 0
1 - 2i sin q
As |z2| π 1, |z1|2 – 4 = 0 fi |z1| = 2
that is, z + z = 0
fi z1 lies on a circle of radius 2.

2 + 3i sin q 2 - 3i sin q
fi + =0
34. |z – 1| = |z + i| 1 - 2i sin q 1 + 2i sin q
fi z is equidistant from A(1) and B(–i)
fi (2 + 3isinq)(1 + 2isinq) + (2 – 3isinq)(1 – 2isinq)
fi z lies on the line y = – x
= 0
1
fi 2(2 – 6 sin2q) = 0 fi sin q = ±
3
Thus, a value of q for which z is purely imaginary

-1 Ê 1 ˆ
is sin Á ˜
Ë 3¯
37. Refer figure
Coordinates of A are (2, 1) that of B are (3, 1) and
C are (3, 3).
Coordinates of D are (3 + 2 2 cos (5p/4), 3 +
Fig. 2.67
2 2 sin (5p/4))
As z = 1 satisfies the inequality

= (3 – 2, 3 – 2) = (1, 1)
|z – 1| £ |z + i|, Thus, D is represented by 1 + i

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 Complex Numbers 2.5
y
z + 2i z - 2i
fi + +2=0
3 + 3i z-i z +i
C
2÷2 fi ( z + 2i )( z + i ) + ( z - i )( z - 2i )
B + 2( z - i )( z + i ) = 0
D 2+i 3+i
x fi ( zz + 2i z + iz - 2) + ( zz - iz - 2iz - 2)
O
+ 2( zz - i z + iz + 1) = 0
Fig. 2.68
3 3 fi 4 zz + i( z - z ) - 2 = 0
38. z = (1 + ai)
= 1 + 3ai – 3a2 – ia3 1 1
fi zz + ( z - z ) - = 0
4 2
As z3 is real 3a – a3 = 0
2
fi a( 3 – a) (a + 3) = 0 i 1 1 9
fi z+ = + =
4 16 2 16
fi a = 3    [{ a > 0]
It represents a circle with radius 3/4.
Ê p pˆ
Thus, z = 1 + 3 i = 2 Á cos + i sin ˜ 41. a, b = –w, –w2
Ë 3 3¯
\ a101 + b107 = (–w)101 + (–w2)107
We have S = 1 + z + z2 + … + z11
= –w2 – w = 1
12
1- z
= 1 + (1 - 8a ) z
1- z 42. is purely imaginary
1- z
But z12 = 212 (cos (4p) + i sin (4p))
1 + (1 - 8a ) z 1 + (1 - 8a ) z
= 212(1 + i0) = 212 ¤ + =0
1- z 1- z
and 1 – z = – 3i ¤ 1 - z + (1 - 8a ) z - (1 - 8a ) zz

1 - 212 4095 + 1 + z + (1 - 8a) z - (1 - 8 a) zz = 0

Thus, S = =– i = –1365 3 i
- 3i 3 ¤ 2 - 8a ( z + z ) - 2(1 - 8a ) = 0

39. 4|z + 3i|2 = |z – i|2 [∵ zz = 1]

¤ 4[ zz - 3iz + 3iz + 9] ¤ 16a(1 – Re(z)) = 0 fi a=0

[{ Re(z) π 1]
= [ zz + iz - iz + 1]
43. ||z| – |(3 – 2i)||
¤ 3 | z |2 - 13iz + 13iz + 35 = 0
£ |z – (3 – 2i)| £ 4
13 13i 35
¤ | z |2 - iz + z+ =0 fi 13 - 4 £ | z | £ 4 + 13
3 3 3
2
13 169 35 64 But |z| ≥ 0 fi 0 £ |z| £ 4 + 13
¤ z+
i = - =
3 9 3 9
This represents a circle with radius 8/3. Least |z| = 0 for z = 0 and maximum |z| is 4 + 13.
Therefore difference is 4 + 13 .
iz - 2 i( z + 2i )
40. =
z-i z-i Ê 1 + 3i ˆ
n
Ê -w 2 ˆ
n

44. Á ˜ = 1 fi ÁË ˜ =1
È i( z + 2i ) ˘ Ë 1 - 3i ¯ -w ¯
Thus, Im Í ˙ +1= 0
Î z-i ˚
¤ wn = 1
Ê z + 2i ˆ
¤ Re Á +1= 0 Least value of n is 3.
Ë z - i ˜¯

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 2.6 Complete Mathematics—JEE Main

3 + 2i sin q
45. is purely imaginary.
1 - 2i sin q
3 + 2i sin q 3 - 2i sin q C2
¤ + =0
1 - 2i sin q 1 + 2i sin q C1
x
3
¤ 2(3 – 4 sin2 q) = 0 fi sin q = ±
2
È Ê p ˆ˘ Fig. 2.69
p p 2p
¤ q =- , ,  Í∵q ŒÁË - 2 , p ˜¯ ˙
3 3 3 Î ˚ Since C1C2 = r1 – r2, two circles touch internally.
Sum of these values is 2p/3. Therefore, the minimum value of
2 |z1 – z2| is 0
46. z0 = w or w
\ z = 3 + 6iw81 – 3iw93 [Take z1 = z2 = point of contact.]
= 3 + 6i – 3i = 3(1 + i) 52. x2 – 2x + 2 = 0 fi (x – 1)2 = i2 fi x=1±i
fi arg(z) = p/4 Let a = 1 + i, b = 1 – i
3z1 n n
47.* =1 Ê a ˆ Ê1+ iˆ
4 z2 Now, 1 = Á ˜ = Á
Ë b ¯ Ë 1 - i ˜¯
Let z0 = 3z1/4z2 n
Ê -i 2 + i ˆ
As |z0| = 1, we get fi 1= Á = in
Ë 1 - i ¯˜
z0 = cos q + i sin q
z = z0 + z0 = 2Re(z0) The least value of n is 4.
fi Im(z) = 0 1 1
53. z = ( 3 + i ) fi iz = ( -1 + 3i ) = w ,
2 2
48. Show z = z fi I(z) = 0
where w π 1 is cube root of unity.
49. x + iy = (–6 – i)3
Now, 1 + iz + z5 + iz8
3 2 2 3
= (–6) + 3(–6) (–i) + 3(–6)( –i) + (–i) 5 8
Êwˆ Êwˆ
= –198 – 107i =1+ w + Á ˜ + iÁ ˜
Ë i¯ Ë i¯
fi y – x = –107 + 198 = 91 = 1 + w - iw 2 + iw 2 = -w 2

z -a fi (1 + iz + z5 + iz8)9 = (–w2)9 = –1
50. = ik for some real k.
z +a
a +i a +i a2 +1
z -a z -a 54. Let z = fi |z| = = =1
fi + =0 a -i a -i
z +a z +a a2 +1
fi z lies on a circle os radius 1.
¤ zz - a z + a z - a 2
5 + 3z
+ zz + a z - a z - a 2 = 0 55. w = fi 5(w – wz) = 5 + 3z
5(1 - z )
¤ |z| = a fi a=2 fi 5w – 5 = z(5w + 3)
5( w - 1) | w - 1|
51. Centre of |z| = 9 is C1(0 + 0i) and centre of fi =z fi = |z| < 1
5( w + 3/5) | w + 3/5]
|z – (3 + 4i)| = 4 is C2(3 + 4i)
fi |w – 1|2 < |w + 3/5|2
Now,
Ê 3ˆ Ê 3ˆ 9
C1C2 = |3 + 4i| = 5 fi |w|2 – w – w + 1 < |w|2 + Á ˜ w + Á ˜ w +
Ë 5¯ Ë 5¯ 25
Also, r1 – r2 = 9 – 4 = 5 8 16
fi (w + w) > fi 2Re(w) > 2/5
5 25
* Solved by replacing 2 by 4 in z. fi 5Re(w) > 1

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 Complex Numbers 2.7

|1 + i |2 2 ¤ (5 + i sin q)(5 + 3 isin q)

56. | z | = =     = (5 – 3 isin q)(5 – i sin q)
|a - i | a2 + 1
¤ 25 + 20 isinq – 3sin2q

2 4
fi = | z |2 2     = 25 – 20 isinq – 3sin2q
5 a +1
¤ 40 isin q = 0 ¤ sin q = 0

fi a2 + 1 = 10 fi a = 3 as a > 0
This is possible when q = – p.
2
(1 + i ) 2i 2i(3 + i )
\ z= = = TIP Amongst the choices given, – p is the only
3-i 3-i 10 value which makes imaginary part of the numerator
1 1 and denominator 0.
z = ( -i )(3 - i ) = ( -1 - 3i )
5 5 2. |z| = 2
57. Let arg (w) = q, then arg(z) = q + p/2 Let w = 3z + 2 + i, then z = (w – (2 + i))/3
fi z = r1[(cos (q + p/2) + i sin (q + p/2)] |z| = 2 fi |w – (2 + i)| = 6
and w = r2[cos q + i sin q]
fi w lies on a circle with centre at (2 + i) and

As |zw| = 1, we get |z||w| = 1fi r1r2 = 1 radius 6.
Now, zw = r1r2[cos (q + p/2) – i sin (q + p/2)] 3. Let z = 2(cos q + i sin q). Now
¥ [cos q + i sin q]
2
z + = 2(cos q + isin q) + (cos q – isin q)

= cos (–q – p/2 + q) + i sin (–q – p/2 + q) = –i z
58. Let z = x + iy, then = 3 cos q + isin q
2 2
|x + iy – i| = |x + iy – 1| 2
2

fi 2 2
x + (y – 1) = (x – 1) + y 2 2 fi z+
= 9 cos2q + sin2q
z
fi y=x
= 1 + 4(1 + cos 2q) £ 9
which passes through origin and has slope 1.
2
59. Let z = x + 10i, then \ maximum possible value of z +
is 3 which
is attained when z = 1 z
2z - n
= 2i - 1
2z + n 1 3
4. Let w = – +i then w3 = 1
2 2
fi 2x – n + 20i = (2x + n + 20i)(–1 + 2i)
fi 2x – n + 20i = (–2x – n – 40) + 2i(2x + n – 10) z = 4 + 3w127 + 5w124
fi 2x – n = –2x – n – 40 = 4 + 3(w3)42w + 5(w3)41w
and 10 = 2x + n – 10
= 4 + 3w + 5w = 4 + 8w
fi 4x = –40 and 2x + n = 20
fi x = –10, n = 40 = 4 - 4 + 4 3i = 4 3i
\ n = 40, Re(z) = –10 5. Principal argument
is least at point P.
Questions from Previous Years’ B-Architecture
Entrance Examination Papers AP
sin(p / 2 - q ) =
OA
5 + i sin q
1. is a real number
5 - 3i sin q fi cos q = 1/5

5 + i sin q 5 - i sin q fi sin q = 24 / 5

¤
=
5 - 3i sin q 5 + 3i sin q
Now, z = 24(cosq + i sin q )   Fig. 2.69

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 2.8 Complete Mathematics—JEE Main

24 2 \ z4 + 4z3 + 6z2 + 4z

fi Re(z) =
= 6 = (z2 + 2z + 3) (z2 + 2z – 1) + 3
5 5
=0+3=3
6. Area of triangle is
9. |z| = 1, arg(z) = q
z z 1
1 fi z = cos q + isin q

D = | iz -iz 1 |
4 z(1 - z ) z - zz
z + iz z - iz 1 Now, w = =
z (1 + z ) z + zz
Using R3 Æ R3 – R1 – R2, we get z -1
=
z z 1 z +1
1
D = | iz -iz 1| z -1
4 w=
0 0 -1 z +1

z -1 z -1
1 1 Now, 2Re(w) = w + w = +
= | -izz - izz |= | z |2 z +1 z +1
4 2
z2 - 1 + z 2 - 1
7. As |i – (1 + 2i)| = 2 < | 4 – 2 | = 2, =
( z + 1)( z + 1)
C1 lies inside C2

2 cos 2q - 2
=
zz + z + z + 1
2(cos 2q - 1)
=
2(cosq + 1)
-2 sin 2 (q ) qˆ
= = - 4 sin 2 ÊÁ ˜
2
2 cos (q / 2) Ë 2¯
Êqˆ
fi
Re(w) = -2 sin 2 Á ˜
Ë 2¯
2 2
Fig. 2.70 10. 2 + i = z1 + z2 + z3

fi 3 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + |z3|2 + 2Re ( z1z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 )

( )

8. z = i i + 2 = –1 + 2i

fi 3 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 Re ( z1z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 )
2 2
fi (z + 1) = –2
fi z + 2z + 3 = 0
fi Re ( z1z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 ) = 0

We now divide
11. z (iz1 – 1) = z1 + 1
z4 + 4 z3 + 6 z
2
+ 4 z by z2 + 2z + 3.
fi z1(iz – 1) = 1 + z
1+ z
fi z1 =
iz - 1
1+ z
fi = |z1| < 1
iz - 1
fi |1 + z|2 < |1 – iz|2
fi 1 + z + z + zz < 1 – iz + iz + zz
fi 2 Re(z) < – i(2i Im(z))
fi Re(z) – Im(z) < 0

CompMaths_02_OLC.indd 8 3/4/2020 6:03:50 PM

 Complex Numbers 2.9

12. (7 + -576 )1/2 - (7 - -576 )1/2 z (1 - z ) z - zz z - 1

16. Let w = = =
z(1 + z ) z + zz z + 1
= (7 + 24i)1/2 – (7 – 24i)1/2 = (–4 – 3i) – (–4 + 3i)
= –6i As |z| = 1, we have z = cos q + i sin q
13. See Fig. 2.71 (cos q - i sin q) - 1
\ w=
y (cos q + i sin q) + 1

-2 sin 2 ( q/2) - 2i cos ( q/2) sin ( q/2)

=
2 cos2 ( q/2) + 2i sin ( q/2) cos ( q/2)
x
0 L 25
sin ( q/2) cos ( q/2) - i sin ( q/2)
w =-i ◊
z cos ( q/2) cos ( q/2) + i sin (q/2)
2
Fig. 2.71 Ê qˆ È Ê qˆ Ê qˆ ˘
= - i tan Á ˜ Ícos Á ˜ - i sin Á ˜ ˙
Ë 2¯ Î Ë 2¯ Ë 2¯ ˚
On the circle,
Ê qˆ
|z + 5 + 12i| = 4 = - i tan Á ˜ [cos q - i sin q]
Ë 2¯
take w to be the point on the line L joining (0, 0)
17. Note that u = w is a cube root unity.
and (–5, –12).
Also, take z to be a point on the intersection |z| = \ z = w – w2 – 2 = w – (w2 + 1) – 1
25 and L Ê 1 3 ˆ
= 2w – 1 = 2 Á - + i -1
\ |z – w| = 25 –17 = 8
Ë 2 2 ˜¯
14. Let z1 = cos q + i sin q
= –2 + 3i
\ arg (z2) = q – p
fi z2 = 2[cos(q – p) + i sin (q – p)] fi ( z + 2)2 = ( 3i )2 = - 3
= 2(–cos q – i sin q) = –2z1
fi z2 + 4z + 7 = 0
Next, arg (z3) = q + p/2
fi z3 = 4[cos (q + p/2) + i sin (q + p/2)] Now, divide z4 + 3z3 + 2z2 – 11z – 6 by z2 + 4z
+7
= 4[–sin q + i cos q] = 4iz1
z2 + 4z + 7 z4 + 3z3 + 2z2 – 11z – 6 z2 – z – 1
fi z2z3 = (–2z1)(4iz1) = –8i z12 z4 + 4z3 + 7z2

15. Let z = x + iy, then 9 = |z|2 = x2 + y2 –z3 – 5z2 – 11z – 6

1 –z3 – 4z2 – 7z
Next, let w = X + iY = Re(z) +
z –z2 – 4z – 6
z x - iy –z2 – 4z – 7
fi X + iY = x + =x+
zz 9
10 1 1
fi X = x and Y = - y
9 9 \ z4 + 3z3 + 2z2 – 11z – 6
2
fi Ê 9X ˆ 2 2 2 = (z2 + 4z + 7)(z2 – z – 1) + 1
ÁË ˜ + ( -9Y ) = x + y = 9
10 ¯
= (0)(z2 – z – 1) + 1 = 1
2 2
fi X Y
+ =1
100/9 1/9
which is an ellipse.

CompMaths_02_OLC.indd 9 3/4/2020 6:03:51 PM