o Instructional Design Models
1. ADDIE Model - The ADDIE model is one of the most widely recognized
frameworks in instructional design. It consists of five phases:
Analysis - Identifying Learning needs and goals
Design - Structuring the content and learning objectives
Development - Creating instructional materials
Implementation - delivering the instruction
Evaluation - Assessing the effectiveness of the learning experience
2. ASSURE - systematic instructional design framework that emphasizes
learner-centered planning and technology integration. It is particularly useful for
educators designing lessons that incorporate multimedia and technology.
a. Analyze learners: Assess the characteristics, prior knowledge, and
learning styles of the target audience to tailor instruction effectively
b. State Objectives: Define clear, measurable learning objectives that outline
what learners will achieve by the end of the instruction
c. Select Strategies, Technology, Media, and Materials: Choose appropriate
methods and tools
d. Utilize Technology and Materials: Implement the selected tools and
materials in the instructional process
e. Require learner Participation: Engage learners actively through
discussions, hands-on activities, or collaborative tasks
f. Evaluate and Revise: Assess the effectiveness of the instruction and make
necessary adjustments to improve future learning experiences
3. SAMR - a framework for integrating technology into education to enhance and
transform learning experiences. It categorizes technology use into four
progressive levels:
a. Substitution: technology acts as a direct substitute for traditional tools
without changing functionality (e.g., using a word processor instead of
pen and paper)
b. Augmentation:Technology substitutes traditional tools but with added
functionality that enhances efficiency or engagement (e.g., using a word
processor with spell-check features)
c. Modification: echnology allows for significant task redesign (e.g.,
collaborative writing using cloud-based documents with real-time
feedback)
d. Redefinition:Technology enables tasks that were previously impossible
(e.g., using virtual reality to explore historical sites or simulate
experiments)
4. Merill’s Principles of Instruction - a task-centered model that focuses on facilitating
learning through four stages
a. Activation: Building on learner’s prior knowledge
b. Demonstration: Providing examples and expert modeling
c. Application: Encouraging learners to apply new skills in realistic contents.
d. Integration: Helping learners incorporate new knowledge into their daily
activities.
5. Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction
a. Gain attention
b. Inform learners of objectives
c. Stimulate or recall prior learning
d. Present content
e. Provide guidance
f. Elicit performance
g. Offer feedback
h. Assess performance
i. Enhance retention and transfer of knowledge
6. Dick and Carey Model - This systematic approach treats instruction as a system of
interrelated components, including goals, strategies, materials, and evaluation
methods. It consists of nine steps:
a. Identifying goals
b. Conducting analysis
c. Writing objectives
d. Developing assessments
e. Designing strategies
f. Selecting materials
g. Conducting evaluation (formative and summative)
7. The Technology Integration Matrix
The Technology Integration Matrix (TIM) provides a framework for describing and
targeting the use of technology to enhance learning. The TIM incorporates five
interdependent characteristics of meaningful learning environments: active,
collaborative, constructive, authentic, and goal-directed. These characteristics are
associated with five levels of technology integration: entry, adoption, adaptation, infusion,
and transformation.
Link: https://fcit.usf.edu/matrix/matrix/
o Guidelines in Selecting Instructional Materials
Key factors to consider when selecting instructional materials
● ¡ Take into consideration individual needs and learning styles:
● ¡ Choose materials that present information in a variety of ways. Using mixed media
(text, video,
● images, real world examples, graphs, etc.) make information more interesting and
address learners’
● different learning styles.
● ¡ Make sure the materials support learning objectives:
● ¡ Provide a wide range of materials that will enrich and support the curriculum and
course objectives.
● The instructional materials should reinforce and supplement, not substitute for, the
teacher’s teaching
● efforts.
● ¡ Make the materials clear and accessible:
● ¡ Make sure learners have sufficient background knowledge to comprehend the learning
materials.
o Types of Instructional Materials
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
- resources that a teacher may use in teaching and learning situations to help achieve
desired learning objectives and to facilitate the teaching and learning process. The best
instructional materials are aligned with all other elements in the course, including the
learning objectives, assessments, and activities.
Types of Instructional Materials
1. Print Materials
a. Textbooks
b. Workbooks
c. Reference books (e.g., dictionaries, atlases)
d. Handouts and pamphlets
e. Study guides and manuals
f. Practice sets and worksheets
2. Visual Materials
a. Charts and graphs
b. Photographs
c. Illustrations
d. Maps
e. Real objects and models
f. Whiteboards and blackboards
3. Audio MAterials
a. Cassettes
b. CDs
c. Podcasts
d. Microphones for recordings
4. Audiovisual Materials
a. Films and videos
b. Slides with audio
c. Television programs
d. Multimedia presentations
e. DVDs
5. Electronic and Interactive Materials
a. Computers and tablets
b. Educational software
c. Interactive whiteboards
d. Graphing calculators
e. Online resources and digital learning platforms
6. Non-Projected Display Materials
a. Posters
b. Flipchards
c. Bulletin Boards
d. Physical models and realia
o How to make Website using Google Sites?
Steps to Create a Website with Google Sites
1. Sign in to Google Sites
● Log into your Google account.
● Navigate to Google Sites.
● Click the “+” button to start a new site136.
2. Choose a Template
● Browse through the available templates for personal, business, or project-related
websites.
● Select a template that suits your needs, or start with a blank site46.
3. Name Your Site
● Enter a name for your site in the top-left corner.
● Provide a title for your homepage by clicking on the text box labeled “Your Page
Title”13.
4. Customize Your Site Theme
● Click on the “Themes” button in the right-hand menu.
● Choose from available themes and customize colors and fonts to match your
preferences46.
5. Add Content to Your Website
● Use the sidebar to add layouts, text boxes, images, videos, and other elements.
● Drag and drop items into your site or use pre-designed content blocks for easy
formatting13.
● You can integrate Google tools like Maps, Drive files, or YouTube videos4.
6. Add Pages
● Click on the “Pages” tab in the right menu.
● Add new pages or sub-pages as needed for navigation (e.g., About Us, Contact,
Services)46.
● Customize page settings (e.g., set as homepage or hide from navigation).
7. Include Interactive Features
● Incorporate buttons, collapsible text menus, image carousels, tables of contents,
or forms for user engagement16.
8. Preview Your Website
● Click on the “Preview” button in the top menu to see how your site looks on
different devices (desktop, tablet, mobile)45.
9. Publish Your Site
● Click on the “Publish” button in the top-right corner.
● Choose a web address (URL) for your site.
● Set viewing permissions (public or restricted access).
● Optionally integrate a custom domain for professional branding146.
10. Update and Maintain Your Site
● Make edits anytime by returning to Google Sites.
● Add new content or pages as needed to keep your website updated.
Google Sites is ideal for creating simple websites quickly and efficiently without
technical expertise. It integrates seamlessly with other Google tools and offers flexibility
for personal or professional use.
o How to create lessons in WebQuest?
Creating lessons in a WebQuest format involves designing an interactive and inquiry-based
learning experience that guides students through a structured exploration of a topic. Here’s a
step-by-step guide to creating a WebQuest lesson:
1. Define the Topic and Objectives
● Identify the subject matter: Choose a topic relevant to your curriculum or learning
objectives.
● Set clear objectives: Determine what students should learn or achieve by
completing the WebQuest.
2. Plan the Structure
● Introduction: Introduce the topic and provide context.
● Task: Clearly define the task or problem students need to solve.
● Process: Outline the steps students will follow to complete the task.
● Resources: List relevant websites, documents, or multimedia resources.
● Evaluation: Explain how students will be assessed.
● Conclusion: Summarize key findings or reflections.
3. Create the WebQuest Content
● Use a rich text editor: Tools like BookWidgets offer a rich text editor to format
text, embed images, videos, and links.
● Organize content into tabs: Structure your WebQuest into sections or tabs for
easy navigation.
● Add interactive elements: Incorporate quizzes, games, or discussions to engage
students.
4. Implement the WebQuest
● Choose a platform: Use platforms like BookWidgets, Google Sites, or Google
Docs to host your WebQuest.
● Share with students: Distribute the WebQuest link or embed it into your learning
management system.
5. Evaluate and Refine
● Monitor student progress: Track how students interact with the WebQuest.
● Gather feedback: Collect feedback from students to refine and improve future
WebQuests.
Tools for Creating WebQuests
● BookWidgets: Offers a WebQuest widget with a rich text editor for creating
interactive lessons.
● Google Sites or Docs: Can be used to create and host WebQuests with ease.
● Teach-nology’s Web Quest Maker: Provides a step-by-step guide for creating
WebQuests.
Tips for Effective WebQuests
● Make it engaging: Use multimedia and interactive elements.
● Encourage critical thinking: Design tasks that require analysis and
problem-solving.
● Provide clear instructions: Ensure students understand what is expected of them.
By following these steps, you can create a WebQuest that fosters inquiry-based
learning and engages students in meaningful educational activities.
o How to create virtual museums?
1. Define Your Vision and Objectives
● Identify the theme or focus of your museum (e.g., art, history, science).
● Set clear goals for the virtual museum, such as education, engagement, or
accessibility12.
2. Choose a Platform
● Canva: Use customizable templates to design visually appealing virtual
museums. Canva allows users to create galleries with slides and multimedia
elements1.
● ThingLink: Ideal for creating immersive experiences with 360-degree images,
hotspots, and interactive content. It supports tagging images with links to videos,
additional information, or external resources2.
● 3D Tools: Platforms like Unity or VR-based tools can be used for creating highly
immersive virtual museums with 3D navigation56.
3. Gather Content
● Collect high-quality images, videos, and descriptions of exhibits.
● Use 360-degree cameras or panoramic images to recreate real-world spaces
digitally2.
4. Design the Layout
● Plan the structure of your museum (e.g., sections, rooms, or themes).
● In Canva or ThingLink, organize content into slides or virtual spaces with
consistent color schemes, fonts, and visual elements12.
● For 3D platforms, create realistic layouts using virtual reality tools5.
5. Add Interactive Features
● Include hotspots that link to detailed descriptions, videos, or external resources.
● Use live chat tools for visitor interaction or guided tours4.
● Incorporate customization options like allowing visitors to create their own
galleries4.
6. Focus on User Experience
● Ensure navigation is intuitive and matches the intended experience (e.g., linear
exploration or free roaming).
● Avoid overloading the museum with too many features that may hinder
engagement48.
7. Test and Refine
● Preview your virtual museum on different devices to ensure compatibility.
● Gather user feedback to improve functionality and design.
8. Publish and Promote
● Share the virtual museum online via websites or social media platforms.
● Update content regularly to keep visitors engaged
o How to create a digital notebook
Steps to Create a Digital Notebook
1. Choose a Platform
Select a tool or platform that suits your needs. Popular options include:
● Google Slides or Google Docs: Ideal for creating interactive notebooks with
customizable layouts57.
● Microsoft OneNote: Functions like a digital binder, allowing multimedia integration
and organization into tabs1.
● Adobe Acrobat: Useful for creating interactive PDFs with fillable forms and
multimedia sections2.
● Evernote: Offers features like tables, images, checkboxes, and syncing across
devices1.
2. Plan the Structure
Decide how you want to organize your notebook:
● Sections: Divide the notebook into tabs or pages (e.g., class notes, assignments,
multimedia resources).
● Interactive Features: Include fillable forms, hyperlinks, or multimedia elements
like videos and images.
3. Design the Notebook
● Use templates if available (e.g., Google Slides templates for digital
notebooks)57.
● Add headers, titles, and sections for easy navigation.
● Customize the design with colors, fonts, and icons to make it visually appealing.
4. Add Content
Populate your notebook with content such as:
● Text notes (typed or handwritten using stylus-enabled devices)4.
● Embedded multimedia (images, videos, links).
● Interactive elements like checkboxes, forms, or collaborative annotation spaces2.
5. Test Functionality
Ensure all interactive features work correctly:
● Check hyperlinks and embedded multimedia.
● Test fillable forms or editable sections.
6. Share and Use
Distribute the notebook by:
● Sharing via cloud platforms like Google Drive or OneDrive.
● Exporting as a PDF or publishing online for access.
o References
