PHYSICS EXAM YEARS.
EXAMPLES 2024
From 1.0 to 16.4 (in increments of 0.1): 2023
1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2022
2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2021
3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 2020
2019
4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9,
2018
5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9,
2017
6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9,
2016
7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9,
2015
8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9,
2014
9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 2013
10.0, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 2012
10.9, 2011
11.0, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 2010
11.9, 2009
12.0, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 2008
12.9, 2007
13.0, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8, 2006
13.9, 2005
14.0, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 2004
14.9, 2003
15.0, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.6, 15.7, 15.8, 2002
15.9, 2001
16.0, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4. 2000
PRACTICE
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● Definitions and principles: Motions:
UNIT 1: MECHANICS, WAVES, 1. Displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration
PROPERTIES OF MATTER – Displacement is a vector quantity
representing distance in a particular
MODULE 1: MECHANICS direction, speed is scalar, and velocity is
the vector quantity describing rate of
Physical Quantities: change of displacement. Acceleration is the
rate of change of velocity.
1. Physical quantities – Properties that can be
measured, such as length, mass, time, etc.
2. Equations of motion – Mathematical
formulas that describe the motion of an
2. Scalar and vector quantities – Scalars have
object under constant acceleration.
magnitude only (e.g., time, temperature),
while vectors have both magnitude and
3. Projectile motion – Motion of an object
direction (e.g., velocity, force).
launched into the air influenced only by
gravity, following a parabolic path.
3. Resolution of vectors – Breaking a vector
into components (usually perpendicular
4. Newton’s laws of motion – Fundamental
components).
principles governing the relationship
between the motion of an object and the
4. Calibration curves – Graphical
forces acting upon it.
representations used to relate experimental
data to theoretical predictions.
5. Momentum and conservation of
momentum – Momentum is the product of
5. Precision and accuracy – Precision is the
mass and velocity; it is conserved in
consistency of measurements, while
isolated systems.
accuracy is how close a measurement is to
the true value.
6. Impulse – The change in momentum
caused by a force applied over time.
6. Uncertainty – An estimate of how much a
measured value may differ from the true
7. Circular motion – Motion along a circular
value.
path, governed by centripetal acceleration
and force.
SI Units:
8. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation –
1. Base and derived quantities – Base units States that every point mass attracts every
like meter (m), kilogram (kg), and seconds other point mass by a force acting along
(s) form the foundation, while derived the line intersecting both points.
units like Newton (N) or Joule (J) are
combinations of base units. 9. Gravitational field strength – The force per
unit mass at a point in a gravitational field.
2. Prefix use – Multiples (e.g., kilo-) and
submultiples (e.g., milli-) of base units.
3. Homogeneity – Ensuring that physical
equations are dimensionally consistent.
Effects of Forces: 2. Resonance – Occurs when an object is
driven at its natural frequency, causing
1. Upthrust – The upward force exerted by a large oscillations.
fluid on an immersed object, equal to the
weight of the displaced fluid. 3. Energy in SHM – Kinetic and potential
energy interchange as the object oscillates.
2. Resistive forces – Forces like friction or air
resistance that oppose motion.
Properties of Waves:
3. Terminal velocity – The constant velocity
reached by an object falling through a fluid 1. Transverse and longitudinal waves – In
when the force of gravity is balanced by transverse waves, particles move
the resistive force. perpendicular to wave direction (e.g., light
waves), while in longitudinal waves,
4. Principle of moments – States that for an particles move parallel to the wave
object in equilibrium, the sum of the direction (e.g., sound waves).
moments about any point is zero.
2. Wave equation – Relates wave speed,
frequency, and wavelength: v = f\lambda.
Conservation of Energy:
3. Diffraction – The bending of waves around
1. Work – The transfer of energy when a obstacles and openings.
force acts over a distance.
2. Kinetic energy – Energy of motion, given Physics of the Ear and Eye:
by KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2.
1. Threshold of hearing – The minimum
3. Potential energy – Energy due to position, sound intensity detectable by the ear.
such as gravitational potential energy PE =
mgh. 2. Decibels (dB) – The unit used to measure
sound intensity level.
4. Power – The rate of doing work or
transferring energy. 3. Lens formula – Describes the relationship
between object distance, image distance,
5. Energy conversion – The process of and focal length for lenses.
changing energy from one form to another
(e.g., chemical to kinetic energy).
UNIT 1 MODULE 3: THERMAL AND
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
UNIT 1 MODULE 2: OSCILLATIONS AND
Thermal Properties:
WAVES
1. Specific heat capacity – The amount of
Harmonic Motion:
heat required to raise the temperature of 1
1. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) – Motion kg of a substance by 1°C.
that repeats in a regular cycle, such as the
motion of a spring or pendulum. 2. Latent heat – The energy required to
change the phase of a substance without
changing its temperature. ● Application:
UNIT 1: MECHANICS, WAVES,
Heat Transfer: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
1. Conduction, convection, and radiation – Module 1: Mechanics
Methods of heat transfer. Conduction is the
transfer of heat through solids, convection ● Calibration Curves: Students are asked to
through fluids, and radiation through construct and use calibration curves, which
electromagnetic waves. has direct applications in experimental
physics, such as in laboratories to correlate
2. Stefan’s Law – Describes the power measured data to known standards, for
radiated by a black body as P = \sigma A instance in determining the concentration
T^4, where T is the temperature. of substances in chemical reactions or
determining forces in mechanical systems.
Kinetic Theory of Gases: ● Estimation of Uncertainty in Derived
Quantities: This involves applying
1. Equation of state for an ideal gas – PV =
uncertainty analysis, which is essential in
nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is
real-world engineering and scientific
moles, R is the gas constant, and T is
experiments where precision and error
temperature.
margins affect results, such as in
manufacturing, medical diagnostics, or
2. Molecular movement and pressure – Gas
environmental monitoring.
pressure results from molecular collisions
with the walls of the container.
● Conservation of Linear Momentum: The
application of this concept is fundamental
First Law of Thermodynamics: in understanding and solving real-life
scenarios involving collisions, such as in
1. Work done on a gas – W = P \Delta V, the vehicle crashes (e.g., safety engineering,
work done when a gas changes volume. accident reconstruction), sports (e.g., the
collision of balls in various sports), or even
2. Molar heat capacity – The heat required to in particle physics.
raise the temperature of one mole of a
substance by one degree. ● Impulse of a Force: Using impulse of a
force to solve problems involves
real-world applications such as safety
Mechanical Properties of Materials: design (e.g., airbags, seat belts) where
forces over time must be reduced to
1. Stress and strain – Stress is the force per
prevent injury, or in sports mechanics, like
unit area, while strain is the deformation
when analyzing the force exerted during a
caused by stress.
bat-ball collision in cricket.
2. Young’s Modulus – A measure of the
● Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation:
stiffness of a material, defined as the ratio
Using gravitational field strength and
of stress to strain in the elastic region.
solving problems involving circular orbits
directly relates to satellite motion (e.g.,
GPS systems, weather satellites), space
exploration, and even predicting the
behavior of objects in orbit. of optics, particularly in the creation of
precise instruments like spectrometers for
● Geostationary Satellites and Applications: analyzing light, or in understanding the
This specific concept ties directly into behavior of light in various materials in
satellite communications, weather scientific and industrial applications.
monitoring, and global positioning systems
(GPS), which are fundamental to ● Electromagnetic Radiation and Diffraction
modern-day communications, meteorology, Properties: These concepts are used in
and navigation. understanding and applying technologies
like fiber-optic communications, radio
● Efficient Energy Use in the Caribbean: wave transmission, X-rays, and lasers in
This application focuses on how energy various medical and industrial applications.
conservation and efficient energy use are
essential in the Caribbean, where the
transition to sustainable energy sources and Module 3: Thermal and Mechanical Properties of
Matter
efficient energy use can have major
impacts on both the environment and ● Applications of Heat Transfer: Students
economy. will use applications of heat transfer in
practical contexts, such as in heat
Module 2: Oscillations and Waves
exchangers (used in power plants,
refrigeration systems, or automotive
● Resonance and Forced Oscillations: This is engines), or in designing energy-efficient
applied in various technological contexts buildings where insulation and cooling are
such as in musical instruments, bridges, crucial.
and buildings. In the case of buildings,
resonance could lead to structural failure, ● Thermal Conduction and Composite
so engineers need to understand and Conductors: Understanding these concepts
mitigate resonance in designs, especially in is essential for designing materials that
earthquake-prone regions. control or minimize heat flow. This has
applications in materials science for things
● Damping in Real-Life Examples: Damping like clothing, cookware, or
applications are critical in designing high-performance industrial machinery.
systems that must withstand repeated
oscillations, such as shock absorbers in ● Convection: This principle is applied in
cars, vibration dampers in buildings, or natural systems like ocean currents, and
even in electronic circuits where unwanted human-designed systems like cooling
oscillations need to be controlled. systems in power plants, air conditioning,
and the cooling of electronics.
● Sound Waves: The practical applications of
sound waves are vast, including the design ● Thermal Radiation and Stefan’s Equation:
and functioning of musical instruments, Understanding this helps design efficient
medical ultrasound technology, sonar in heating systems and is also critical in solar
navigation, and even in architectural panel technology where maximizing
acoustics to design spaces with optimal radiation absorption and conversion is key
sound properties. to improving energy efficiency.
● Two-Source Interference and Diffraction ● Kinetic Theory of Gases: Using the
Gratings: This directly applies to the field equation of state for an ideal gas has
applications in weather prediction, engine
operation, and the study of air dynamics.
It’s also used in understanding processes in
thermodynamics, such as refrigeration
cycles.
● First Law of Thermodynamics: This has
direct applications in heat engines,
refrigerators, air conditioners, and any
system where work and heat transfer are
involved. It is foundational in fields like
mechanical engineering and energy
systems.
● Mechanical Properties of Materials: The
study of stress, strain, and Young’s
modulus is crucial for understanding
material behavior in engineering
applications such as construction (e.g.,
building materials like steel, concrete),
bridge design, and even in biomechanics
for understanding human tissue properties
under stress.
● Force-Extension Graphs: These graphs are
used in material science to analyze how
materials deform under different forces.
This is applicable in designing flexible
materials and structures, such as in the
automotive and aerospace industries, as
well as in medical devices.
● Elasticity and Inelastic Deformations:
Understanding elasticity is fundamental in
designing structures that can withstand
forces without permanent deformation,
which applies to everything from buildings
to vehicles and even biological systems,
like blood vessels.
