Object of the Lesson
IDENTIFY THE KIND OF SENTENCE
AND ANALYSE THE SENTENCE WITH
CLAUSES.
FIRSTLY
To understand this chapter one
should be able to at least understand
the meaning of the sentence.
Need to be very attentive.
FINITE VERB
Finite verb denotes the main action
of any sentence.
It changes its form according to the
tense.
E.g.
I study during the night. (present)
I studied yesterday. (past)
I will study tomorrow. (future)
co-ordinate conjunctions:
and, but, so, and so,
but, yet, still, or,
or
else, otherwise, either
…..or,
neither…. nor
Sub ordinate conjunctions:
When, what, where, why,
which,
how, who, that, as,
since,
though, although, even though, if,
unless.
CLAUSE ANALYSIS
deals with the mostly complex
sentences.
And sometimes with mixed sentence of
compound and complex sentence which
we call as complex compound sentence.
Steps to analyze:
I say that she is an
ordinary London girl,
picked out of the gutter.
Steps to analyse:
First Segregate the sentence wherever there is a conjunction.
I say /that she is an ordinary London girl, /picked out of the
gutter.
Find out the main clause which starts with subject.
I say /that she is an ordinary London girl, /picked out of the
gutter.
Then find out subordinate clauses which starts with sub ordinate
conjunction.
I say /that she is an ordinary London girl , /picked out of the
gutter.
Neither conjunction nor subject then consider that as phrase.
I say /that she is an ordinary London girl, /picked out of the
gutter.
NAME IT
Look at the subordinate clause and try to name it,
whether
1. NOUN CLAUSE - Does the work of a noun
(noun = names of persons, things, places.)
2. ADJECTIVE CLAUSE - does the work of an
adjective
(adjective = which qualifies the noun)
3. ADVERB CLAUSE - does the work of an adverb
(which modifies the verb)
NOUN CLAUSE
1. e.g..
I expect that I shall get a prize. (Expect what?)
That I shall get a prize, contains a
subject and a predicate of its own.
It is therefore a clause.
This clause is the object of the verb
Expect and so does the work of a noun.
We therefore call it a Noun clause.
WRITE AS
MAIN CLAUSE SUB-ORDINATE KIND OF
CLAUSE SENTENCE
I expect that I shall get COMPLEX
a prize SENTENCE
EXAMPLES- NOUN CLAUSE
He says that he won’t go.
I hoped that it was true.
She denied that she had written
the letter.
I cannot tell what has become of
him.
Tell me where you live.
No one knows who he is.
NOUN- SUBJECT OF THE VERB
2. e.g.
That you have come pleases me.
Here the clause, that you have come,
is the subject of the verb Pleases.
It therefore does the work of a noun,
and is what we call a Noun clause
WRITE AS
MAIN CLAUSE SUB- KIND OF
ORDINATE SENTENCE
CLAUSE
PLEASES ME THAT YOU COMPLEX
HAVE COME SENTENCE
EXAMPLES - NOUN
That it would rain seemed likely.
What he said was true.
That you should say so surprises
me.
Why he left is mystery.
When I shall return is uncertain.
NOUN CLAUSE
always answers the question
‘WHAT’
On the main verb
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE:
Adjective clause in a complex
sentence is a subordinate clause
which does the work of an
Adjective, and so qualifies some
noun or pronoun in the main clause.
Adjective clause always starts just
after the noun.
EXAMPLES
It is introduced by Relative Pronoun
or by a Relative Adverb.
Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.
The reason why I did it is obvious.
He is the man whom we all respect.
The time when the boat leaves is not yet fixed.
The house where the accident occurred is nearby.
Give me some which I may eat.
He has shoes which he can wear.
I have work which I must do.
ADVERB CLAUSE
ADVERB CLAUSE is a subordinate
clause which does the work of an
adverb.
It may therefore modify some verb,
adjective, or Adverb in the main
clause.
Kinds of adverb clause:
TIME
PLACE
CAUSE
PURPOSE
RESULT
COMPARISION
CONDITION
SUPPOSITION/CONCESSION
1. Time
These sentences are connected by the
following conjunctions.
Whenever, while, after, before, since, as,
etc.
These conjunctions denote the time of
the action in the sentence
examples
When you have finished your work
you may go home.
Don’t talk while she is singing.
He came after night had fallen.
Do it before you forget.
There was silence as the leader spoke.
The doctor always comes whenever
he is sent for.
Place
Conjunctions:
where and whereas.
I have put it where I can find it again.
They can stay where they are.
He led the team wherever he wanted
to go.
You can put it wherever you like.
Purpose
Conjunction:
in order that, so that
I will give you a map so that you can
find the way.
The UNO was formed in order that
countries might discuss world
problems.
Cause
Conjunctions:
because, as, since, that.
Because I like that I shall help you.
Since you are so clever you will be able to explain this.
I am glad that you like it.
As he was not there I spoke to his brother.
Condition
Conjunctions:
if, whether, unless.
If I like, I shall buy it.
Unless you work hard you will fail.
Result
Conjunction:
That
They fought so bravely that the enemy were driven
off.
He is such a good man that all respect him.
(that is often dropped in informal English)
He was so weak he could not speak
It was so late I waited no longer.
Comparison
Conjunctions:
than, as.
He is older than he looks.
No one can run faster than Rama.
He is as stupid as he is lazy.
He is not so clever as you think.
Supposition or concession
Conjunctions:
though, although, even though, even if.
Though I am poor I am honest.
Although troops had marched all day
they fought bravely all night.
Even if it rains I shall come.
I would not do it even if you paid me.
ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX
SENTENCE:
Try to analyze:
Whenever he heard the question, the
old man who lived in that house
answered that the earth is flat.
ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX
SENTENCE:
Whenever he heard the question,
/the old man/ who lived in that
house/ answered /that the earth is
flat.
WRITE AS
MAIN CLASUE SUBORIDNATE KIND OF
CLAUSE SENTENCE
The old Whenever he
man….answer heard
ed COMPLEX
Who lived in SENTENCE
that house
That the earth
is flat
ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND SENTENCE:
One day Bassanio came to Antonio, and
told him that he wished to repair his
fortune by a wealthy marriage with a lady
whom he dearly loved, whose father had
left her sole heiress to a large estate.
• One day Bassanio came to Antonio, /
• and /
• told him /
• that he wished to repair his fortune by a wealthy marriage with
a lady /
• whom he dearly loved, /
• whose father had left her sole heiress to a large estate.
WRITE AS
MAIN CLAUSE SUB-ORDINATE KIND OF
CLAUSE SENTENCE
One day Bassanio that he wished to
came to Antonio repair his fortune
by a wealthy
marriage with a COMPLEX
lady
SENTNENCE
whom he dearly
loved
told him whose father had
left her sole
heiress to a large
estate
