Given Data

Benzene Cold Fulid (cf)

Aniline Hot fluid (hf)
Nomenclature Symbol
mass flow rate of (cf) ṁcf
inlet temperature of (cf) t1
outlet temperature of (cf) t2
Temperature Range of (cf) TRc=(t2-t1)
inlet temperature of (hf) T1
outlet temperature of (hf) T2
Temperature Range of (hf) TRh=(T1-T2)
Dirt Factor of inside scale based on inner surface Rsi
Dirt Factor of outside scale based on outer surface Rso
Allowable Pressure drop ∆P
Length of 1 leg of hairpin ∆L
Length of per hairpin LHP=2*∆L
NPS for outer pipe NPSi
NPS for Inner pipe NPSo
Average or mean Temperature of (cf) tAM=(t1+t2)/2
Average or mean Temperature of (hf) TAM=(T1+T2)/2
Molecular weight of (cf) Mcf
Molecular weight of (hf) Mhf
No.of Hairpins=?
For Counter Current Flow
Hot terminal end temperature difference ∆θ1=(T1-t2)
Cold terminal end temperature difference ∆θ2=(T2-t1)

Cold fluid (cf)

μ (cP) at θmax 0.437184137362414
μ (cP) at θmin 0.70333502445662
Properties Calculations at Mean temperature
Specific Heat Capacity For (cf) in J/gmol.K
Cp 139.10289867086

Thermal Conductivity For (cf) in (W/m.K)

k 0.143347749096058

Density For (cf) in (g/mL)

ρ 0.865720187314058

Dynamic Viscosity For (cf) in (cP)

μ 0.544707065506314
From given NPS of inner and outerpipe note Inner and Outer Diameters of both pipies
Reference PHT by Kern 1st Edn. Pg844
NPS
Flow Channel
(inch)
Inner Pipe 1.25
Outer Pipe 2

Equivalent Diameter of Annulus fot H.T Calculations De=(Di^2-do^2)/do

0.076149046184739

Name of Parameter For inner pipe

di
Equivalent Diameter for H.T Calculations
0.115
Ap
Flow Area (Af)
0.0103868907122875
GP=ṁcf/Ap
Mass velocity OR Mass Flux (G)
962752.018577628
Up=Gp/ρcf
Linear Velocity (U)
17813.8368895214
Re=(ρcfdiUp)/μcf
Rynold's Number (Re)
83991.2227144385
Pr= (μcfCpcf)/kcf
Prandtl Number (Pr)
6.76641588004479
x=LHP/di
Dimensionless Ratio or (L/D) ratio (x)
278.260869565217
ɸ=μcf/μw
Viscosity Number (ɸ)
1

Now as Seder Tate Equation for turbulent flow is

Nu=0.023(Re^0.8)(Pr)^1/3*(ɸ)^n*(1+x^-2/3) Euqation8
Last term in above equation i.e. (1+x^-2/3) is correction factor for end effects during turbulent flow

Correction factor for end effects (Ψ) For Inner Pipe (Ψp)
1.02346201139361
And by defination
Nu=(hDfc)/k Euqation9

But for Isothermal Conditions (means wall temp.=mean temp of fluid)

Seder Tate Equation for turbulent flow becomes
Nu'=0.023(Re^0.8)(Pr)^1/3*1*(1+x^-2/3) Euqation10
Using Equation 10
For Inner Pipe
Nu'
387.233494317137

Similarly for Isothermal Conditions (means wall temp.=mean temp of fluid) Equation9 becomes
Nu'=h'Dfc/k
Rearranging gives
h'=Nu'k/Dfc Equation11
For Inner Pipe
h'
 h'
h'i
279.010051696219

For Isothermal condition H.T coefficient based on outer surface (of inner pipe)
U'=h'/2
For Inner Pipe
U'
U'i
139.505025848109
Now As
Wall temperature (θw)=(h'iotc+h'oTc)/(h'io+h'o) Euqation12
where

And Caloric temperature θc= θmin. + Fc*(θmax. - θmin.)

For (cf) Caloric temp. is tc= t1+ Fc*(t2-t1)

For (hf) Caloric temp. is Tc= T2 +Fc*(T1-T2)

where Fc is know as caloric fraction

Fc=((r/r-1)+(1/Kc))/(1+((ln(1+Kc))/(lnr))) - (1/Kc)
where r= ∆θ2/∆θ1 1.33333333333333
and Kc= ((U'max)/(U'min))-1 OR ((U'io)/(U'o))-1
Kc 0.00885624286180708

Now for Fc (Equation 15)

Numerator 116.914699337407
Denomirator 1.03064930769375
1/Kc 112.914699337407
Putting values Numerator, Denomirator and 1/Kc in Equation 15
Fc 0.523206713316384
Fc>0.5
Therefore θc>ΘAM

Now from Equation 13

tc 91.392402798983
Similarly from Equation 14
Tc 126.160335665819

Now solve Equation 12 for wall temperature (θw)

θw 108.69973028465
315.76096126925
Now calculate dynamic viscosity (μ) at wall temperature (θw) using Empirical Correlation
For Inner Pipe OR (for (cf))
μw μwp OR μwcf in (cp)
0.473204911724662

Now we are able to calculate Viscosity Number (ɸ) and then Correct film coefficient,Correct H.T coefficient.
And then using Kern's model i.e. Equation 2 we can find Area (Ao) from which Length of H.E can be determined and then fin
 For Inner Pipe OR for (cf)
Viscosity Number (ɸ) ɸp
1.15110188421556

For Inner Pipe OR for (cf)

Viscosity Number Correction factor for turbulent flow is (ɸ^(n))=(ɸ)^(0.14)
1.0198960905885

For Inner Pipe

h=h'*(ɸ^(n))=(ɸ)^(0.14)
hi
284.561260959869

Now using ho and hio we can find I/Uco using Equation 5 i.e. 1/Uco=1/ho + 1/hio
1/Uco 0.00871221774324467

Now using Equation 7 i.e. Rsio= Rsi * Ao/Ai = Rsio * do/di Calculate Rsio

Rsio 0.00120289855072464

Now calculate overall dirt factor based on outer surface of inner pipe
RDo=Rsio + Rso 0.00220289855072464

Now calculate Wall resistance based on outer surface of inner pipe (Rwo)
Rwo=(do/2kw)*(ln(do/di))

At θw=108.78°F Or 315.81K thermal conductivity of wall (kw) is 9.4

Therefore
Rwo 0.00135930235510152

Now using Euqation4 calculat Overall H.T Coeficient

1/UDO=1/Uco + RDo + Rwo 0.0122744186490708
UDO 81.4702535892158

Now Apply Kern's Model i.e. Qdot=UDoAo(LMTD)

All other parameters are know except Ao
Therefore Ao= Qdot/(UDO*LMTD) 90.1135436083096

As
Ao=∏doL
Therefore
L=Ao/∏do 207.354446789159

L=NHPLHP
NHP=L/LHP 6.47982646216123

Now Let NHP 6

Therefore Lfc
Equivalent Diameter of Annulus fot Pressure Drop Calculations De'=Di-do
0.0339166666666667
Important parameters and their formulas for P.Drop Calculations Re'=ρhf*De'Uhf/μhf
Kinetic head (hk)= (U^2)/2g
Dynamic Pressure Pd=(1/2)ρ(U)^2
Total Pressure Drop=∆P=∆Psf + ∆Pff Equation 16
where
Pressure Drop due to skin friction ∆Psf=ρghsf
∆Pff=ρghff

and
Head loss due to skin friction (hsf)=Kf*hk
Head loss due to form friction (hff)=KL*hk
Total Head Loss ∆h= hsf+hff
Friction Parameter (Kf)=(fd*Lfc)/Dfc
where
Darcy friction factor (fd) for turbulent flow=0.01

value of (g) in ft/s^2 32.174

Pressure Drop Calculations

For Inner Pipe

Kinetic Head (hk)
hkp
0.380517722027767

For Inner Pipe

Dynamic Pressure Pd
Pdp in (pdl/ft^2)
661.663095061703

Note:Pd should be less than 2000 pdl/ft^2

For Inner Pipe
Darcy friction factor (fd)
fdp
0.0230257994345397

For Inner Pipe

Friction Parameter (Kf) Kfp
38.4430738385358

For Inner Pipe

Head loss due to skin friction (hsf)=Kf*hk
hsfp (ft)
14.6282708847849

For Inner Pipe

Pressure Drop due to skin friction ∆Psf=ρghsf
Psf in (pdl/ft^2)
25436.3632196912

Loss Coefficient (KL)

K'L Loss Coefficient per hairpin
KL=NHP*K'L Total Loss Coefficient
 K'L
For Inner pipe
0

K'L
For Annulus
1

For Inner Pipe

Head loss due to form friction (hff)=KL*hk
hffp (ft)
0

For Inner Pipe

Pressure Drop due to form friction ∆Pff=ρghff
Pff in (pdl/ft^2)
0

For Inner Pipe

Total Head Loss ∆h= hsf+hff
∆hp (ft)
14.6282708847849

For Inner Pipe

Total Pressure Drop=∆P=∆Psf + ∆Pff
∆P (Psia)
5.4901828918992

∆P < 20psia (allowable limit)

Hence Devide annulus side fluid in two parallel streams.
 Amount/Value Units
10000 lbm/hr
60 OF 288.705555555556
120 OF 322.038888888889
60 OF 288.705555555556
150 OF 338.705555555556
100 OF 310.927777777778
50 F
O
283.15
0.001 hr.oF.ft2/Btu
0.001 hr.oF.ft2/Btu
20 psia
16 ft
32 ft
1.25 in
2 in
90 OF 305.372222222222
125 OF 324.816666666667
78.114 g/gmol
93.129 g/gmol

Units
30 K or °F
40 K or °F

Hot fluid (hf)

1.41839773942731
2.69531525825622 μmax>1cP

For (hf) in J/gmol.K For (cf) in J/g.K For (hf) in J/g.K

215.747628446828 1.78076783509819 2.31665354988058

For (hf) in (W/m.K) For (cf) in (Btu/hr.ft. °F) For (hf) in (Btu/hr.ft. °F)
0.168916578204 0.082859970575756 0.097639640580347

For (hf) in (g/mL) For (cf) in lbm/ft^3 For (hf) in lbm/ft^3

0.994562557805565 54.045179853642 62.0885513586858

For (hf) in (cP) For (cf) in (lbm/ft.hr) For (hf) in (lbm/ft.hr)

1.90796694485748 1.31819109852528 4.6172800065551
 Note: Stainless Steel pipe

Outer Diameter (OD) Inner Diameter (ID)

(inch) (ft) (inch)
1.66 0.138333333333333 1.38
2.38 0.198333333333333 2.067

Value of pi 3.141592654

For Annulus Units

De=(Di^2-do^2)/do ft
0.076149046184739
Aa ft^2
0.00827334607523161 Note:Ap>Aa
GP=ṁhf/Aa lbm/ft^2.hr
1114926.57298436
Ua=Ga/ρhf ft/hr Up(ft/s)
17957.0395602149 4.94828802486706
Re=(ρhfDeUa)/μhf 3≤U≤8 ft/s
18387.577746692 Re>10000
Pr= (μhfCphf)/khf
26.1660951126306
x=LHP/De
420.228507161697
ɸ=μhf/μw Note:As wall temperature is unkwon yet,therefore v
1 Hence take ɸ=1 i.e. isothermal condition and after f

For Annulus (Ψa) Note:if x>60 then Ψ can be neglected.

1.01782418412118

Note: ɸ is taken as 1

For Annulus
179.30807906805

h' is film coefficient under isothermal conditions

For Annulus For Inner Pipe based on outer surface Units
 h'o h'io=hi*(di/do) Btu/hr.ft^2. °F
229.911959118742 231.948115265531

For Annulus For Inner Pipe based on outer surface Units

U'o U'io=Ui*(di/do) OR h'io/2 Btu/hr.ft^2. °F
114.955979559371 115.974057632766

tc is caloric temp. of (cf)

Tc is caloric temp. of (hf)
h'io is film coefficient of inner fluid based on outer surface (of inner pipe) under isothermal conditions
h'o is film coefficient of outer fluid based on outer surface (of inner pipe) under isothermal conditions

Euqation13

Euqation14

Equation15

tc>tAM Units (°F)

Tc>TAM Units (°F)

Units (°F)
Units (K)

For Annulus OR (for (hf)) For Inner Pipe OR (for (cf)) For Annulus OR (for (hf))
μwa OR μwhf in (cp) μwp OR μwcf in (lbm/ft.hr) μwa OR μwhf in (lbm/ft.hr)
2.3754819062615 1.14515588637368 5.74866621315282

Note:Here correct means under non isothermal or r

n be determined and then finally NHP can be calculated.
For Annulus OR for (hf)
ɸa
0.803191529191739

For Annulus OR for (hf)

0.969783245503008

For Annulus For Inner Pipe based on outer surface Units

ho hio=hi*(di/do) Btu/hr.ft^2. °F
222.964765894128 236.562975978686

hr.oF.ft2/Btu

hr.oF.ft2/Btu

hr.oF.ft2/Btu

(Btu/hr.ft. °F)

hr.oF.ft2/Btu

hr.oF.ft2/Btu
Btu/hr.ft^2. °F

ft^2

ft
 192 ft
Units
ft
8189.79851341796 2100<Re<10000
Transition zone

n friction (hsf)=Kf*hk
m friction (hff)=KL*hk

Kf)=(fd*Lfc)/Dfc Note: It tells about skin friction

(fd) for turbulent flow=0.014+1.056Re^(-0.42)

For Annulus Units

hka ft
0.386660158084191

For Annulus For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Pda in (pdl/ft^2) Pdp in (psia) Pda in (psia)
772.406658094712 0.142813317034908 0.166716200080748

For Annulus
fda
0.0379932548459893

For Annulus
Kfa
215.077295246092

For Annulus
hsfa (ft)
83.161820980174

For Annulus For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Psf in (pdl/ft^2) Psf in (psia) Psf in (psia)
166127.134853083 5.4901828918992 35.8568693870736
KL
0 Smooth pipe,long 180° bent

KL K'L=0 if U<3ft/s
6 K'L=1 if U>3ft/s

For Annulus
hffa (ft)
2.31996094850514

For Annulus For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Pff in (pdl/ft^2) Pff in (psia) Pff in (psia)
4634.43994856827 0 1.00029720048449

For Annulus
∆ha (ft)
85.4817819286791

For Annulus
∆P (Psia)
36.8571665875581

∆P >20psia (allowable limit)

K
K
K
K
K
K

K
K

For (cf) in Btu/lbm.°F

0.425329090259432
 Inner Diameter (ID)
(ft)
0.115
0.17225

Ua(ft/s)
4.98806654450414
OK
Turbulent flow

mperature is unkwon yet,therefore viscosity number can't be calculated right now

i.e. isothermal condition and after finding wall temperature use correction factor ɸ^0.14 for turbulent flow for making results realistic
 R (for (hf))
in (lbm/ft.hr)

ect means under non isothermal or real conditions

 Important Conversions Use
Length/Diameter
Specific Heat Capacity (Cp)
Dynamic Viscosity ( μ)
Density (ρ)
Thermal Conductivity (k)
Pressure (P)

Correlations for propertuies e.g. Cp,ρ,k and μ

Fliud (or Liquid) Name
Benzene
Aniline
Benzene
Aniline
Benzene
Aniline
Benzene
Aniline
Important Notes
1
2
3
4

For (hf) in Btu/lbm.°F

0.553323194296498
refore viscosity number can't be calculated right now
d after finding wall temperature use correction factor ɸ^0.14 for turbulent flow for making results realistic
mal or real conditions
ortant Conversions Used in the solution
1ft
1Btu/lbm OF
1cp
1g/mL
1Btu/hr.ft. OF
1psia

Property Name
Specific Heat Capacity (Cp)
Specific Heat Capacity (Cp)
Density (ρ)
Density (ρ)
Dynamic Viscosity ( μ)
Dynamic Viscosity ( μ)
Thermal Conductivity (k)
Thermal Conductivity (k)

Our calculations for Heat Exchange will be based on outer surface of inner pipe
For the calculations of No.of hairpins we have to calculate Length of exchanger as
For the calculations of Length of exchanger as we have to find Area (Ao)
And for the calculation of outer area we shall use Kern's model
Basic Design Equation or Kern's model

where

LMTD=(∆θ1-∆θ2)/ln(∆θ1/∆θ2)

As we know
Law of Heat exchange

Qdot

Using Equation 2 (ṁhf) can be calculated as

ṁhf

Fulid Allocation
Note:Now as information regarding fluid allocation is not given in problem so we have to decide which fluid should be place in
From properties value calculations it can be seen that viscosity of cold fluids is comparatively low, but mass flow rate of cold f
And More viscous fluid should be placed outside tube/inner pipe.
Now from Equation 2
Inorder to calculate (Ao) using this equation we need Qdot,UDO and LMTD, out of which Qdot and LMTD have been
As
where
1st term in Equation 4 is
and

where 2nd term in Equation 4 is

where 3rd term in Equation 4 is

where kw is thermal condutivity of wall at wall temperature

 12in
4.1868J/g.K
2.42 lbm/ft.hr
62.428 lbm/ft3
1.73W/mK
4633.063pdl/ ft2

Empirical Equation
Cp= A+BT+CT^2+DT^3
Cp= A+BT+CT^2+DT^3
ρ=AB-(1-T/C)^D
ρ=AB-(1-T/C)^D
log μ=A+(B/T)+CT+DT2
log μ=A+(B/T)+CT+DT2
logk=A+B(1-T/C)2/7
logk=A+B(1-T/C)2/7

on outer surface of inner pipe

alculate Length of exchanger as L=NHPLHP
have to find Area (Ao)
Kern's model
Qdot=UDoAo(LMTD)

UDO
Ao
LMTD

34.7605949678221

Q̇ absorbed = Q̇ evolved
ṁcfCpcf∆t = ṁhfCphf∆T
ṁcfCpcf∆t

9224.17338677156

n is not given in problem so we have to decide which fluid should be place inside and which fluid should be placed outside the inner pipe.T
hat viscosity of cold fluids is comparatively low, but mass flow rate of cold fluid i.e. Benzene is higher than that of hot fluid i.e. Aniline. Th
ube/inner pipe.
 Qdot=UDoAo(LMTD)
n we need Qdot,UDO and LMTD, out of which Qdot and LMTD have been calculated hence only UDO is to be calculated
1/UDO=1/Uco + RDo + Rwo
Uco
1/Uco=1/ho + 1/hio
ho
hio
hio= hi * Ai/Ao = hi * di/do

RDo
RDo=Rsio + Rso
Rso
Rsio
Rsio= RSi * Ao/Ai = RSi * do/di

Rwo
Rwo=(do/2kw)*(ln(do/di))
 Specified Units A B
T in (K) and Cp in (J/gmol.K) -31.662 1.3043
T in (K) and Cp in (J/gmol.K) 63.288 0.9896
T in (K) and ρ in (g/mL) 0.3009 0.2677
T in (K) and ρ in (g/mL) 0.3119 0.25
T in (K) and μ in (cp) -7.4005 1181.5
T in (K) and μ in (cp) -13.8625 2510.9
T in (K) and k in (W/mK) -1.6846 1.052
T in (K) and k in (W/mK) -1.3485 0.6888

Euqation1

Euqation2

overall H.T/design coefficient based on outer surface of inner pipe under dirty conditions
H.T area based on outer surface of inner pipe
Mean temperature difference or overall driving force

K or °F

Euqation3
255197.454155659

lbm/hr

be place inside and which fluid should be placed outside the inner pipe.This decision can be made on the basis of property values,flow rates
e of cold fluid i.e. Benzene is higher than that of hot fluid i.e. Aniline. Therefore Cold fluid should be placed inside the inner pipe and Hot f
have been calculated hence only UDO is to be calculated
Euqation4
overall H.T coefficient based on outer surface of inner pipe under clean conditions
Euqation5
film coefficinet of outside fluid based on outer surface of inner pipe
film coefficinet of inside fluid based on outer surface of inner pipe
Euqation6

overall dirt factor based on outer surface of inner pipe

dirt factor of outside scale based on outer surface of inner pipe

dirt factor of inside scale based on outer surface of inner pipe
Euqation7

Wall resistance based on outer surface of inner pipe

 C D
-0.0036078 0.0000038243
-0.0023583 0.0000023296
562.16 0.2818
699 0.28571
0.014888 -0.000013713
0.025681 -0.000018281
562.16 0.28571
699 0.28571

sis of property values,flow rates and nature of the fluids.

d inside the inner pipe and Hot fluid should be placed on annuler side as di>De.
Given Data
Benzene
Aniline
Nomenclature
mass flow rate of (cf)
inlet temperature of (cf)
outlet temperature of (cf)
Temperature Range of (cf)
inlet temperature of (hf)
outlet temperature of (hf)
Temperature Range of (hf)
Dirt Factor of inside scale based on inner surface
Dirt Factor of outside scale based on outer surface
Allowable Pressure drop
Length of 1 leg of hairpin
Length of per hairpin
NPS for outer pipe
NPS for Inner pipe
Average or mean Temperature of (cf)
Average or mean Temperature of (hf)
Molecular weight of (cf)
Molecular weight of (hf)
No.of Hairpins=?
For Counter Current Flow
Hot terminal end temperature difference
Cold terminal end temperature difference

μ (cP) at θmax
μ (cP) at θmin
Properties Calculations at Caloric Temperature
Specific Heat Capacity
Cp

Thermal Conductivity
k

Density
ρ

Dynamic Viscosity
μ

From given NPS of inner and outerpipe note Inner and Outer Diameters of both pipies
 Reference PHT by Kern 1st Edn. Pg844
Flow Channel

Inner Pipe
Outer Pipe

Equivalent Diameter of Annulus fot H.T Calculations

Name of Parameter

Equivalent Diameter for H.T Calculations

Flow Area (Af)

Mass velocity OR Mass Flux (G)

Linear Velocity (U)

Rynold's Number (Re)

Prandtl Number (Pr)

Dimensionless Ratio or (L/D) ratio (x)

Viscosity Number (ɸ)

Now as Seder Tate Equation for turbulent flow is

Nu=0.023(Re^0.8)(Pr)^1/3*(ɸ)^n*(1+x^-2/3)
Last term in above equation i.e. (1+x^-2/3) is correction factor for end effects during turbulent flow

Correction factor for end effects (Ψ)

And by defination
Nu=(hDfc)/k

But for Isothermal Conditions (means wall temp.=mean temp of fluid)

Seder Tate Equation for turbulent flow becomes
Nu'=0.023(Re^0.8)(Pr)^1/3*1*(1+x^-2/3)
Using Equation 10
Nu'

Similarly for Isothermal Conditions (means wall temp.=mean temp of fluid) Equation9 becomes
Nu'=h'Dfc/k
Rearranging gives
h'=Nu'k/Dfc
h'
For Isothermal condition H.T coefficient based on outer surface (of inner pipe)
U'=h'/2
U'

Now As
Wall temperature (θw)=(h'iotc+h'oTc)/(h'io+h'o)

And Caloric temperature θc= θmin. + Fc*(θmax. - θmin.)

For (cf) Caloric temp. is

For (hf) Caloric temp. is

where Fc is know as caloric fraction

Fc=((r/r-1)+(1/Kc))/(1+((ln(1+Kc))/(lnr))) - (1/Kc)
where r= ∆θ2/∆θ1
and Kc= ((U'max)/(U'min))-1 OR ((U'io)/(U'o))-1
Kc

Now for Fc (Equation 15)

Numerator
Denomirator
1/Kc
Putting values Numerator, Denomirator and 1/Kc in Equation 15
Fc

Now from Equation 13

tc
Similarly from Equation 14
Tc

Now solve Equation 12 for wall temperature (θw)

θw

Now calculate dynamic viscosity (μ) at wall temperature (θw) using Empirical Correlation

μw

Now we are able to calculate Viscosity Number (ɸ) and then Correct film coefficient,Correct H.T coefficient.
And then using Kern's model i.e. Equation 2 we can find Area (Ao) from which Length of H.E can be determined and then fin
 Viscosity Number (ɸ)

Viscosity Number Correction factor for turbulent flow is (ɸ^(n))=(ɸ)^(0.14)

h=h'*(ɸ^(n))=(ɸ)^(0.14)

Now using ho and hio we can find I/Uco using Equation 5 i.e. 1/Uco=1/ho + 1/hio
1/Uco

Now using Equation 7 i.e. Rsio= Rsi * Ao/Ai = Rsio * do/di Calculate Rsio

Rsio

Now calculate overall dirt factor based on outer surface of inner pipe
RDo=Rsio + Rso

Now calculate Wall resistance based on outer surface of inner pipe (Rwo)
Rwo=(do/2kw)*(ln(do/di))

At θw=108.78°F Or 315.81K thermal conductivity of wall (kw) is

Therefore
Rwo

Now using Euqation4 calculat Overall H.T Coeficient

1/UDO=1/Uco + RDo + Rwo
UDO

Now Apply Kern's Model i.e. Qdot=UDoAo(LMTD)

All other parameters are know except Ao
Therefore Ao= Qdot/(UDO*LMTD)

As
Ao=∏doL
Therefore
L=Ao/∏do

L=NHPLHP
NHP=L/LHP

Now Let NHP

Therefore
Equivalent Diameter of Annulus fot Pressure Drop Calculations

Important parameters and their formulas for P.Drop Calculations

Kinetic head (hk)= (U^2)/2g
Dynamic Pressure Pd=(1/2)ρ(U)^2
Total Pressure Drop=∆P=∆Psf + ∆Pff

Pressure Drop due to skin friction

and

Total Head Loss ∆h= hsf+hff

where

value of (g) in ft/s^2

Pressure Drop Calculations

Kinetic Head (hk)

Dynamic Pressure Pd

Note:Pd should be less than 2000 pdl/ft^2

Darcy friction factor (fd)

Friction Parameter (Kf)

Head loss due to skin friction (hsf)=Kf*hk

Pressure Drop due to skin friction ∆Psf=ρghsf

Loss Coefficient (KL)

K'L
KL=NHP*K'L
 For Inner pipe

For Annulus

Head loss due to form friction (hff)=KL*hk

Pressure Drop due to form friction ∆Pff=ρghff

Total Head Loss ∆h= hsf+hff

Total Pressure Drop=∆P=∆Psf + ∆Pff

Hence Devide annulus side fluid flow into two parallel streams.
H.T Calculations
Benzene (cf)
At 91.4°F (306.1457793K) calooric temperature (inside Inner Pipe)

Mass Flow Rate (lbm/hr)

10000

Mass Velocity/Mass Flux (G=ṁ/Af) in (lbm/ft^2.hr)

962752.018577628

Linear Velocity (U=G/

17829.8423436252

As Dynamic Pressure Drop is Pd=0.5

662.257589014123

Reynold's Number Re=GD/

84914.1758643276
Re>10000 Hence Turbulent flow
Prandtl Number Pr=μCp/k
6.71040849067886

Dimensionless Ratio or (LHP/Dfc) ratio (x)

278.260869565217
 Correction factor for end effects Ψ=1+x^(-2/3)
1.02346201139361

Note:As wall temperature (θw) is unkwon yet,therefore viscosity number can't be calculated right now
Hence take ɸ=(μ/μw)=1 i.e. isothermal condition and after finding wall temperature use

Nu'=0.023(Re^0.8)(Pr)^1/3*(ɸ)^n*(1+x^-2/3)
(Seder-Tate Equation for Turbulent flow)
389.553139256751

As Nu'=h'Dfc/k
Hance h'=Nu'k/Dfc

h'=Nu'k/Dfc (Btu/hr.ft^2. °F)

hi'
280.213480839743

Now as we know that

Wall temperature (θw)=(h'iotc+h'oTc)/(h'io+h'o)
Note: There is no need to find caloric temperatures again since they were already calculated in sheet1 on the basis of which we
μw (cP)
0.487537569461759

Viscosity number= ɸ= (μ/μw)

1.10511793064966

Viscosity Number Correction factor for turbulent and transition flow is (ɸ^(n))=(ɸ)^(0.14)
1.01409165186426

Now Correct Nusselt Number (Nu) for Non-Isothermal Condition during Turbulent or Transition flow
Nu=Nu'*(ɸ^(n))
395.042586477786

Now Correct Fil Coefficient (h) for Non-Isothermal Condition during Turbulent or Transition flow
hi=hi'*(ɸ^(n))
(Btu/hr.ft^2. °F)
284.162151659408

overall H.T coefficient based on outer surface of inner pipe under clean conditions (Uco)
Uco= 1/(1/ho + 1/hio + Rwo)
where Rwo=(do/2kw)*(ln(do/di))
Hence, Uco

Overall Dirt factor

Rdo

Over all Design coefficient based on outer surface of inner pipe Under dirty/fouling condition (Udo)
1/Udo=1/Uco+Rdo
Hence Udo=1/((1/Uco)+Rdo))

Designe Equation
Qdot=UDoAo(LMTD)
Rearranging gives Ao= Qdot/Udo*(LMTD)
Ao

Overall H.T Length per stream (L) and L=Ao/(∏do)

L
No.of hairpins in series NHP=L/LHP
NHP
Therefore take NHP
NHP per stream (in parallel flow)

Therefore Length of flow channel for inner pipe

And Length of flow channel for Annulus

Pressure Drop Calculations

Kinetic Head (hk)

Dynamic Pressure Pd

from given data (according to Serth's Approach)

fd=0.3673Re^-0.2314
Darcy friction factor (fd)

Friction Parameter (Kf)

Head loss due to skin friction (hsf)=Kf*hk

Pressure Drop due to skin friction ∆Psf=ρghsf

Loss Coefficient (KL)

K'L
KL=NHP*K'L

For Inner pipe

For Annulus

Head loss due to form friction (hff)=KL*hk

Pressure Drop due to form friction ∆Pff=ρghff

Total Head Loss ∆h= hsf+hff

Total Pressure Drop=∆P=∆Psf + ∆Pff

Now Total Pressure drop ∆P<20psi.

Hence this design is acceptable
Configuration of pins is that there will be two heat exchanger and each consists of 4 hairpins. Cold fluid i.e. Benzene wil

Ado=Qdot/Udo∆ΘLM
ACo=Qdot/UCo∆ΘLM
Ao=∏doLHPNHP

Over design= ∆d= (Ao/Ado)-1

Over surface= ∆c= (Ao/Aco)-1
 From Sheet1
tc (K)
Cold Fulid (cf) Tc (K)
Hot fluid (hf)
Symbol Amount/Value
ṁcf 10000
t1 60
t2 120
TRc=(t2-t1) 60
T1 150
T2 100
TRh=(T1-T2) 50
Rsi 0.001
Rso 0.001
∆P 20
∆L 16
LHP=2*∆L 32
NPSi 1.25
NPSo 2
tAM=(t1+t2)/2 90
TAM=(T1+T2)/2 125
Mcf 78.114
Mhf 93.129

∆θ1=(T1-t2) 30
∆θ2=(T2-t1) 40

Cold fluid (cf) Hot fluid (hf)

0.437184137362414 1.41839773942731
0.70333502445662 2.69531525825622
μ<1cP μ>1cP
For (cf) in J/gmol.K For (hf) in J/gmol.K
139.234906883425 215.873249746587

For (cf) in (W/m.K) For (hf) in (W/m.K)

0.143108773605142 0.168806240361288

For (cf) in (g/mL) For (hf) in (g/mL)

0.864943049498829 0.993994694944575

For (cf) in (cP) For (hf) in (cP)

0.538786509877544 1.87997224252439

Diameters of both pipies

 NPS Outer Diameter (OD)
(inch) (inch)
1.25 1.66
2 2.38

De=(Di^2-do^2)/do
0.076149046184739

For inner pipe For Annulus

di De=(Di^2-do^2)/do
0.115 0.076149046184739
Ap Aa
0.0103868907122875 0.00827334607523161
GP=ṁcf/Ap GP=ṁhf/Aa
962752.018577628 1115335.21926191
Up=Gp/ρcf Ua=Ga/ρhf
17829.8423436252 17973.8837317592
Re=(ρcfdiUp)/μcf Re=(ρhfDeUa)/μhf
84914.1758643276 18668.2273442885
Pr= (μcfCpcf)/kcf Pr= (μhfCphf)/khf
6.71040849067886 25.8140462030499
xLHP/di xLHP/De
278.260869565217 420.228507161697
ɸ=μcf/μw ɸ=μhf/μw
1 1

Euqation8
end effects during turbulent flow

For Inner Pipe (Ψp) For Annulus (Ψa)

1.02346201139361 1.01782418412118

Euqation9

Euqation10 Note: ɸ is taken as 1

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

389.553139256751 180.676538301164

p of fluid) Equation9 becomes

Equation11 h' is film coefficient under isothermal conditions

For Inner Pipe For Annulus
h'i h'o
 280.213480839743 231.515294771823

of inner pipe)

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

U'i U'o
140.106740419871 115.757647385911

Euqation12
where tc is caloric temp. of (cf)
Tc is caloric temp. of (hf)
h'io is film coefficient of inner fluid based on outer surfac
h'o is film coefficient of outer fluid based on outer surfac

tc= t1+ Fc*(t2-t1) Euqation13

Tc= T2 +Fc*(T1-T2) Euqation14

Equation15
1.33333333333333

0.00619078575495324

165.530383958111
1.02145320183428
161.530383958111

0.523426887906908
Fc>0.5
Therefore θc>ΘAM

91.4056132744145 tc>tAM
306.153118485786 K
126.171344395345 Tc>TAM
325.46741355297 K

108.734838075857 Units (°F)

315.780465597699 Units (K)
g Empirical Correlation
For Inner Pipe OR (for (cf)) For Annulus OR (for (hf))
μwp OR μwcf in (cp) μwa OR μwhf in (cp)
0.47308545858563 2.37430377496713

ct film coefficient,Correct H.T coefficient.

Ao) from which Length of H.E can be determined and then finally NHP can be calculated.
 For Inner Pipe OR for (cf) For Annulus OR for (hf)
ɸp ɸa
1.1388777653161 0.79179937392401

For Inner Pipe OR for (cf) For Annulus OR for (hf)

1.01837281142676 0.96784569258268

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

hi ho
285.361790282448 224.071080811918

co=1/ho + 1/hio
0.0086782150766756 hr.oF.ft2/Btu

0.00120289855072464 hr.oF.ft2/Btu

0.00220289855072464 hr.oF.ft2/Btu

9.4 (Btu/hr.ft. °F)

0.00135930235510152 hr.oF.ft2/Btu

0.0122404159825018 hr.oF.ft2/Btu
81.696569906574 Btu/hr.ft^2. °F

89.9491911089788 ft^2

206.976265883021 ft

6.4680083088444

6
Lfc 192
 De'=Di-do Units
0.0339166666666667 ft
Re'=ρhf*De'Uhf/μhf 8314.79940743734

Equation 16
where
∆Psf=ρghsf
∆Pff=ρghff

Head loss due to skin friction (hsf)=Kf*hk

Head loss due to form friction (hff)=KL*hk

Friction Parameter (Kf)=(fd*Lfc)/Dfc

Darcy friction factor (fd) for turbulent flow=0.014+1.056Re^(-0.42)

32.174

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

hkp hka
0.381201807665192 0.387385892933539

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Pdp in (pdl/ft^2) Pda in (pdl/ft^2)
662.257589014123 773.414566086023

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

fdp fda
0.0229844652787423 0.0378410935626342

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Kfp Kfa
38.3740637697263 214.215920315256

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

hsfp (ft) hsfa (ft)
14.628262476479 82.9842255719052

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Psf in (pdl/ft^2) Psf in (pdl/ft^2)
25413.5149528132 165677.713059342

Loss Coefficient per hairpin

Total Loss Coefficient
 K'L KL
0 0

K'L KL
1 6

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

hffp (ft) hffa (ft)
0 2.32431535760124

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Pff in (pdl/ft^2) Pff in (pdl/ft^2)
0 4640.48739651614

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

∆hp (ft) ∆ha (ft)
14.628262476479 85.3085409295064

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

∆P (Psia) ∆P (Psia)
5.48525132354409 36.7614686991862
∆P < 20psia (allowable limit) ∆P < 20psia (allowable limit)
Note:Mean temperature and Caloric temperature are approximatly same
The reason is that Mean and caloric temperatures are almost similar.

Aniline (hf)
At 126.16°F (325.4612976K) calooric temperature (in annulus)

Flow Rate (lbm/hr)

4613.77712942407

s Flux (G=ṁ/Af) in (lbm/ft^2.hr)

557667.609630956

elocity (U=G/ρ) in (ft/hr) Linear Velocity (U=G/ρ) in (ft/s)

8986.94186587958 4.95273398434034

re Drop is Pd=0.5ρU^2 (pdl/ft^2)

193.353641521506
Note: Pd<2000(pdl/ft^2)

mber Re=GD/μ OR ρDU/μ

9334.11367214427
2100<Re<10000 Hnce Transition flow
tl Number Pr=μCp/k
25.8140462030499

Ratio or (LHP/Dfc) ratio (x)

420.228507161697
 r for end effects Ψ=1+x^(-2/3)
1.01782418412118

umber can't be calculated right now

g wall temperature use correction factor ɸ^0.14 for turbulent and transition flow for making results realistic.

Nu'=0.116((Re^(2/3))-125)((Pr)^(1/3))*(ɸ)^n*(1+x^-2/3))
Hausen Equation for Transition Flow
111.073557464373

/Dfc (Btu/hr.ft^2. °F)

ho' hio'=hi'*(di/do)
142.32743022149 232.94855636075

°F K
104.590888504193 313.478271391218
y were already calculated in sheet1 on the basis of which we are performing our calculations.Results don't change appreciably as it can be s
μw (cP)
2.51937189640719

y number= ɸ= (μ/μw)
0.746206721288496

on flow is (ɸ^(n))=(ɸ)^(0.14)
0.959843176647664

during Turbulent or Transition flow

Nu=Nu'*(ɸ^(n))
106.61319623816

ng Turbulent or Transition flow

ho=ho'(ɸ^(n)) hio=hi*(di/do)
(Btu/hr.ft^2. °F)
136.612012747894 236.231186319267

der clean conditions (Uco)

0.00135930235510152 hr.oF.ft2/Btu
77.4446716677012 (Btu/hr.ft^2. °F)

0.00220289855072464 hr.oF.ft2/Btu

Under dirty/fouling condition (Udo)

 66.1579441346424 (Btu/hr.ft^2. °F)

where Ao is Overall H.T surface

111.075706411296 ft^2

255.589123814076 ft

7.98716011918989
8 Inner pipe
4 Annulus

Lfc 256
Lfc 128

Inner Pipe Annulus

Re=Gcf*di/μcf Re'=Ghf*De'/μhf
84914.1758643276 4157.39970371867
Turbulent Flow Transition flow

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

(ft) (ft)
0.381201807665192 0.0968464732333848

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Pdp in (pdl/ft^2) Pda in (pdl/ft^2)
662.257589014123 193.353641521506
Note:Pd should be less than 2000 pdl/ft^2
Re>3000 for both pipe&annulus
For Inner Pipe For Annulus
fdp fda
0.0265738763772496 0.0534103677523907

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Kfp Kfa
59.1557595876166 201.568365768236

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

hsfp (ft) hsfa (ft)
22.550282488607 19.5211853400706

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Psf in (pdl/ft^2) Psf in (pdl/ft^2)
39176.350720794 38973.9775368273
 Loss Coefficient per hairpin
Total Loss Coefficient

K'L KL
0 0

K'L KL
1 4

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

hffp (ft) hffa (ft)
0 0.387385892933539

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Pff in (pdl/ft^2) Pff in (pdl/ft^2)
0 773.414566086023

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

∆hp (ft) ∆ha (ft)
22.550282488607 19.9085712330041

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

∆P (Psia) ∆P (Psia)
8.45582085130162 8.57907438403348

nd each consists of 4 hairpins. Cold fluid i.e. Benzene will flow (inside inner pipe) in series through both H.E, while hot fluid i.e. An

111.075706411296 ft^2
94.8876174594104 ft^2
111.254267853653 ft^2
Fraction Percentage
0.0016075652194909 0.16075652194909
0.172484575252868 17.2484575252868
 306.1457793
325.4612976

Units
lbm/hr
O
F 288.705555555556
O
F 322.038888888889
O
F 288.705555555556
O
F 338.705555555556
O
F 310.927777777778
O
F 283.15
hr.oF.ft2/Btu
hr.oF.ft2/Btu
psia
ft
ft
in
in
O
F 305.372222222222
F
O
324.816666666667
g/gmol
g/gmol

Units
K or °F
K or °F

Hence,H.T Coefficient is Variable.Therefore use caloric temp for calculations.

For (cf) in J/g.K For (hf) in J/g.K
1.782457778163 2.31800244549589

For (cf) in (Btu/hr.ft. °F) For (hf) in (Btu/hr.ft. °F)

0.0827218344538394 0.0975758614805133

For (cf) in lbm/ft^3 For (hf) in lbm/ft^3

53.9966646941129 62.0531008159999

For (cf) in (lbm/ft.hr) For (hf) in (lbm/ft.hr)

1.30386335390366 4.54953282690902

Note: Stainless Steel pipe

 Outer Diameter (OD) Inner Diameter (ID)
(ft) (inch)
0.138333333333333 1.38
0.198333333333333 2.067

Value of pi 3.141592654

Units
ft

ft^2
Note:Ap>Aa
lbm/ft^2.hr
Minor Checks
ft/hr Up(ft/s)
4.95273398434034
3≤U≤8 ft/s
Re>10000

Note:As wall temperature is unkwon yet,therefore viscosity number can't be calculat

Hence take ɸ=1 i.e. isothermal condition and after finding wall temperature use corre

Note:if x>60 then Ψ can be neglected.

under isothermal conditions

For Inner Pipe based on outer surface Units
h'io=hi*(di/do) Btu/hr.ft^2. °F
 232.94855636075

For Inner Pipe based on outer surface Units

U'io=Ui*(di/do) OR h'io/2 Btu/hr.ft^2. °F
116.474278180375

t of inner fluid based on outer surface (of inner pipe) under isothermal conditions
of outer fluid based on outer surface (of inner pipe) under isothermal conditions

Units (°F)

Units (°F)

For Inner Pipe OR (for (cf)) For Annulus OR (for (hf))

μwp OR μwcf in (lbm/ft.hr) μwa OR μwhf in (lbm/ft.hr)
1.14486680977722 5.74581513542046

Note:Here correct means under non isothermal or real conditions

For Inner Pipe based on outer surface Units
hio=hi*(di/do) Btu/hr.ft^2. °F
237.228476258902

ft
2100<Re<10000
Transition zone

Note: It tells about skin friction

Units
ft

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Pdp in (psia) Pda in (psia)
0.142941632568804 0.16693374687243

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Psf in (psia) Psf in (psia)
5.48525132354409 35.7598662179516
 Smooth pipe,long 180° bent

K'L=0 if U<3ft/s
K'L=1 if U>3ft/s

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Pff in (psia) Pff in (psia)
0 1.00160248123458

Linear Velocity (U=G/ρ) in (ft/s)

2.49637274052211
Slightly below 3ft/s

OK
n't change appreciably as it can be seen from the table of Rough work.

Lfc
 ft
ft

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Pdp in (psia) Pda in (psia)
0.142941632568804 0.0417334367181076

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Psf in (psia) Psf in (psia)
8.45582085130162 8.41214063716105
 Smooth pipe,long 180° bent

For Inner Pipe For Annulus

Pff in (psia) Pff in (psia)
0 0.16693374687243

h both H.E, while hot fluid i.e. Aniline will flow (on annulus side) in two parallel streams through H.E means half aniline flow will p

Allowable limits
Slightly below the allowable limit (OK) 5≤∆d≤20%
Slightly below the allowable limit (OK) 20≤∆c≤40%
 K
K
K
K
K
K

K
K

mp for calculations.
For (cf) in Btu/lbm.°F
0.425732726225996
 Inner Diameter (ID)
(ft)
0.115
0.17225

Ua(ft/s)
4.99274548104421
OK
Turbulent flow

rature is unkwon yet,therefore viscosity number can't be calculated right now

isothermal condition and after finding wall temperature use correction factor ɸ^0.14 for turbulent flow for making results realistic
eans under non isothermal or real conditions
Rough work
Uo'
71.163715110745
Kc
Num
Den
1/Kc
Fc
tc
Tc
uw
ɸ
Viscosity correction factor (ɸ)^0.14
hi
279.469919651162
Uco
Udo
Ao
L
NHP
o parallel streams through H.E means half aniline flow will pass through 1 H.E (consists of 4 hairpins in series) and the other half t
 Important Conversions Use
Length/Diameter
Specific Heat Capacity (Cp)
Dynamic Viscosity ( μ)
Density (ρ)
Thermal Conductivity (k)
Pressure (P)

Correlations for propertuies e.g. Cp,ρ,k and μ

Fliud (or Liquid) Name
Benzene
Toluene
Benzene
Toluene
Benzene
Toluene
Benzene
Toluene
Important Notes
1
2
3
4

K
K

For (hf) in Btu/lbm.°F

0.553645372479195
r can't be calculated right now
perature use correction factor ɸ^0.14 for turbulent flow for making results realistic
 Uio'
116.474278180375
0.636708791820631
5.57057671080772
2.71261068509214
1.57057671080771
0.483008324974338
88.9804994984603
124.150416248717
0.549109868181079
0.981199831032484
0.997346447478712
ho
141.816840774563
78.6480968742238
67.0341730896719
109.623793966166
252.248221994091
7.88275693731533
niline flow will pass through 1 H.E (consists of 4 hairpins in series) and the other half through other H.E (consists of 4 hairpins in s
ortant Conversions Used in the solution
1ft
1Btu/lbm OF
1cp
1g/mL
1Btu/hr.ft. OF
1psia

Property Name
Specific Heat Capacity (Cp)
Specific Heat Capacity (Cp)
Density (ρ)
Density (ρ)
Dynamic Viscosity ( μ)
Dynamic Viscosity ( μ)
Thermal Conductivity (k)
Thermal Conductivity (k)

Our calculations for Heat Exchange will be based on outer surface of inner pipe
For the calculations of No.of hairpins we have to calculate Length of exchanger as
For the calculations of Length of exchanger as we have to find Area (Ao)
And for the calculation of outer area we shall use Kern's model
Basic Design Equation or Kern's model

where

LMTD=(∆θ1-∆θ2)/ln(∆θ1/∆θ2)

As we know
Law of Heat exchange

Qdot

Using Equation 2 (ṁhf) can be calculated as

ṁhf

Fulid Allocation
Note:Now as information regarding fluid allocation is not given in problem so we have to decide which fluid should be place in
From properties value calculations it can be seen that viscosity of cold fluids is comparatively low, but mass flow rate of cold f
And More viscous fluid should be placed outside tube/inner pipe.
Now from Equation 2
Inorder to calculate (Ao) using this equation we need Qdot,UDO and LMTD, out of which Qdot and LMTD have been
As
where
1st term in Equation 4 is
and

where 2nd term in Equation 4 is

where 3rd term in Equation 4 is

where kw is thermal condutivity of wall at wall temperature

 deg F
deg F
1.9288569488772
0.974656126582499
0.99641257172892
hio
232.330415131689
nsists of 4 hairpins in series).
 12in
4.1868J/g.K
2.42 lbm/ft.hr
62.428 lbm/ft3
1.73W/mK
4633.063pdl/ ft2

Empirical Equation
Cp= A+BT+CT^2+DT^3
Cp= A+BT+CT^2+DT^3
ρ=AB-(1-T/C)^D
ρ=AB-(1-T/C)^D
log μ=A+(B/T)+CT+DT2
log μ=A+(B/T)+CT+DT2
logk=A+B(1-T/C)2/7
logk=A+B(1-T/C)2/7

on outer surface of inner pipe

alculate Length of exchanger as L=NHPLHP
have to find Area (Ao)
Kern's model
Qdot=UDoAo(LMTD)

UDO
Ao
LMTD

34.7605949678221

Q̇ absorbed = Q̇ evolved
ṁcfCpcf∆t = ṁhfCphf∆T
ṁcfCpcf∆t

9227.55425884813

n is not given in problem so we have to decide which fluid should be place inside and which fluid should be placed outside the inner pipe.T
hat viscosity of cold fluids is comparatively low, but mass flow rate of cold fluid i.e. Benzene is higher than that of hot fluid i.e. Aniline. Th
ube/inner pipe.
 Qdot=UDoAo(LMTD)
n we need Qdot,UDO and LMTD, out of which Qdot and LMTD have been calculated hence only UDO is to be calculated
1/UDO=1/Uco + RDo + Rwo
Uco
1/Uco=1/ho + 1/hio
ho
hio
hio= hi * Ai/Ao = hi * di/do

RDo
RDo=Rsio + Rso
Rso
Rsio
Rsio= RSi * Ao/Ai = RSi * do/di

Rwo
Rwo=(do/2kw)*(ln(do/di))
 304.8058330547
324.344675693732
 Specified Units A B
T in (K) and Cp in (J/gmol.K) -31.662 1.3043
T in (K) and Cp in (J/gmol.K) 63.288 0.9896
T in (K) and ρ in (g/mL) 0.3009 0.2677
T in (K) and ρ in (g/mL) 0.3119 0.25
T in (K) and μ in (cp) -7.4005 1181.5
T in (K) and μ in (cp) -13.8625 2510.9
T in (K) and k in (W/mK) -1.6846 1.052
T in (K) and k in (W/mK) -1.3485 0.6888

Euqation1

Euqation2

overall H.T/design coefficient based on outer surface of inner pipe under dirty conditions
H.T area based on outer surface of inner pipe
Mean temperature difference or overall driving force

K or °F

Euqation3
255439.635735598

lbm/hr

be place inside and which fluid should be placed outside the inner pipe.This decision can be made on the basis of property values,flow rates
e of cold fluid i.e. Benzene is higher than that of hot fluid i.e. Aniline. Therefore Cold fluid should be placed inside the inner pipe and Hot f
have been calculated hence only UDO is to be calculated
Euqation4
overall H.T coefficient based on outer surface of inner pipe under clean conditions
Euqation5
film coefficinet of outside fluid based on outer surface of inner pipe
film coefficinet of inside fluid based on outer surface of inner pipe
Euqation6

overall dirt factor based on outer surface of inner pipe

dirt factor of outside scale based on outer surface of inner pipe

dirt factor of inside scale based on outer surface of inner pipe
Euqation7

Wall resistance based on outer surface of inner pipe

K
K
 C D
-0.0036078 0.0000038243
-0.0023583 0.0000023296
562.16 0.2818
699 0.28571
0.014888 -0.000013713
0.025681 -0.000018281
562.16 0.28571
699 0.28571

sis of property values,flow rates and nature of the fluids.

d inside the inner pipe and Hot fluid should be placed on annuler side as di>De.