### Java Topics Not Covered in Edureka Video (Based on NPTEL PDF + Detailed Additions)
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## 1. Java Applets
Definition:
Applets are small Java programs embedded in web pages, running inside a Java-enabled browser. They are used for
interactive tasks like games or visualizations.
Analogy: Like a mini game that loads inside a website - similar to an embedded YouTube video, but it's Java code.
Lifecycle:
- init() - Called once during loading.
- start() - Resumes applet execution.
- paint(Graphics g) - Handles visual drawing.
- stop() - Pauses the applet.
- destroy() - Cleanup before removal.
Example:
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class HelloApplet extends Applet {
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString("Welcome to Applet", 20, 20);
HTML:
<applet code="HelloApplet.class" width="300" height="200"></applet>
---
## 2. Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT)
Definition:
AWT is Java's platform-dependent GUI library. It allows creation of windows, buttons, and forms.
Analogy: AWT is like Lego blocks you use to build basic GUI apps.
Components:
Frame, Button, Label, TextField, TextArea, Checkbox, Choice
Event Handling:
- Delegation model: event source -> listener -> handler.
- Common interfaces: ActionListener, WindowListener
Example:
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class AWTExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame f = new Frame("AWT Example");
Label l = new Label("Enter your name:");
TextField tf = new TextField();
Button b = new Button("Submit");
l.setBounds(50, 50, 150, 20);
tf.setBounds(50, 80, 150, 20);
b.setBounds(50, 110, 60, 30);
f.add(l); f.add(tf); f.add(b);
f.setSize(300, 200);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
---
## 3. Java Servlets
Definition:
Servlets are Java programs that run on a web server and dynamically generate web content.
Analogy: A servlet is like a waiter - takes your request (order), processes it (kitchen), and returns a response (food).
Lifecycle:
- init()
- service()
- destroy()
HTTP Methods:
- doGet() for fetching data
- doPost() for submitting data
Example:
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
res.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = res.getWriter();
out.println("<h1>Hello from Servlet</h1>");
---
## 4. Java Networking
Definition:
Java Networking enables communication between devices using TCP/IP.
Analogy: Like a visitor sending a message to a receptionist (client-server communication).
Key Classes:
Socket - Client side
ServerSocket - Server side
DataInputStream / DataOutputStream - Transfer data
Example:
Server:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(5000);
Socket s = ss.accept();
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
String message = dis.readUTF();
System.out.println("Client says: " + message);
ss.close();
Client:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket s = new Socket("localhost", 5000);
DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
dout.writeUTF("Hello Server");
dout.flush();
dout.close();
s.close();
