TITRATION
OF
ACID AND BASE
Designed by: Austin Madzivhandila
Titration
Def: is a chemical analysis method used to determine
concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution
of known concentration.
Key terminology
Titrant: The solution of known concentration (Added from
burette).
Analyte: The solution of known concentration (placed in
conical flask).
Indicator: A substance that changes color at a specific PH or
signals the end of reaction eig : Phenolphthalein.
Equivalence point: The point where the indicator changes
color (Close to the equivalence point)
Four steps in titration
1.Fill the burette with a solution of known concentration.
2.Pipette a known volume of unknown solution into a conical
flask.
3. Add indicator to the unknown solution (analyte)
4.Slowly add the titrant from the burette while swirling the
flask.
5.Stop at the end point, when the indicator change color
6.Record the volume of titrant used (Final burette reading –
initial burette reading)
Titration calculation.
Formula: C1V1=C2V2
Worked Example 1.
Given The equation:
25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution was pipetted into
conical flask and titrated with 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric
acid. Using a suitable indicator, it was found that 15cm3 of
acid was needed to neutralize the base. Calculate the
concentration of the sodium hydroxide.
Worked Example 14:
10g of sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 500cm3 water. Using
titration, it was found that 20 cm3 of this solution was able to
completely neutralize 10cm3 of a sulfuric acid solution.
Calculate the concentration of sulfuric acid.
Stoichiometric calculation.
If given a mass use this formula to calculate the number of
moles. n=m/M
The same formula will be used to calculate required mass.
If given concentration and volume C=n/v to calculate the
number of moles.
Use mole ratio to calculate the number of moles of the
requires substance or solution.
Calculate the required concentration or volume by using
c=n/v
If initial or excess amount are mentioned formula
nexcess=nintial-nreactant
Initial mole- the amount of reactant present before the
reaction starts.
Reacted mole- The number of reactions that take part in
reaction.
Excess mole – The amount of reactant that remain unreacted
after the reaction reach completion.
Worked Example 3
Reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen to form water.
2H2 +O2 2H20
Suppose we have
5 moles of H2
2 moles of O2
Worked Example 4.
A learner adds a sample of calcium carbonate to 50.0 cm3
of hydrochloric acid of concentration 1.0 mol dm-3.The
hydrochloric is in excess.
The balanced equation for the reaction that take place is
The excess HCL is now neutralized by 28.0cm3 of a 0.5 mol
dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution.
The balanced equation for this reaction is.
Calculate the mass of calcium carbonate in this sample.
Typical Exam Question Paper.
