Evolution

Evolution is the sequence of gradual changes which takes place in the primitive organisms, over millions
of years, in which new species are produced

Acquired and inherited Traits

Acquired Traits
1. These are the traits which are developed in an individualdue to specialconditions
2 They cannot be transferred to the progeny.
3 They cannot direct evolution. Eg., Low weight of starving beetles
Inherited Traits
1. These are the traits which are passed from one generation to the next.
2 They get transferred to the progeny
3 They are helpful in evolution. E.g.. Colour of eyes and hair.

Evolution

" Evolution can be defined as the formation of more complex organisms from pre-existing simpler
organisms over a certain period. It is aslow, but progressive, natural, sequential development or
transformation of animals and plants from ancestors of different forms and functions.

" Variationand heredity are the two basic factors of evolution.The selection of variants by
environmental factors forms the basis of evolutionary processes.

Evidences for Evolution

have
Homologous Organs (Morphological and Anatomical evidences). These are the organs that
Homologous organs provides evidence for
same basic structural plan and origin but different functions.
evolution by telling us that they are derived from the same ancestor.
(Walk/scratchlattack) has
Example Forelimb of horse (Running), Winds of bat (Flying) and Paw of a cat
same base struciure, but performs different functions
origin and structural plan but same
II. Analogous Organs. These are the organs that have different
function
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Example:Analogous organs provide mechanism for evolution. Wings of Bat hasbasic structure but
different
skin folds and wing of birds has feathery covering along the arms has
performs similar functions.
Ill. Fossils :(Paleontological evidences)
The remains and relics of dead organisms of the past.
FOSSILS
Archaeopteryx possess features of reptiles as well
Fossils are preserved traces of living organisms. Fossil Examples of Fossils
from reptiles.
as birds This suggests that birds have evolved
AMMONITE - Fossil-invertebrate
TRILOBITE - Fossil-invertebrate
KNIGHTIA - Fossi-fish RA
JASAURUS - Fossil-dinosaur skull
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