Dr.

Nirmalya Mallick
MAKAUT Model Question Paper
Course Title: Electrical and Electronic Measurement
Course Code: PC-EE403
Semester: 4th

Chapter 1: Instrument Transformers

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

1. An instrument transformer is used for:
o A. Changing frequency
o B. High voltage measurements
o C. Rectification
o D. Filtering

2. The two types of instrument transformers are:

o A. CT and PT
o B. VT and HT
o C. RT and VT
o D. PT and RT

3. A current transformer (CT) always has its secondary:

o A. Open-circuited
o B. Short-circuited
o C. Connected to a voltmeter
o D. Disconnected

4. The burden of an instrument transformer refers to:

o A. Voltage rating
o B. Current rating
o C. Output load
 o D. Insulation level

5. The primary winding of a CT is connected:

o A. Across the load
o B. In parallel with the circuit
o C. In series with the load
o D. To ground

6. The transformation ratio of a CT is defined as:

𝐼
o A. 𝐼𝑠
𝑝

𝑉𝑠
o B. 𝑉
𝑝

𝐼𝑝
o C. 𝐼𝑠
𝑉𝑝
o D. 𝑉𝑠

7. The core of an instrument transformer is made of:

o A. Copper
o B. Aluminum
o C. Silicon steel
o D. Brass

8. Potential transformers (PT) are designed to operate:

o A. Open-circuited
o B. Short-circuited
o C. Loaded heavily
o D. With secondary grounded

9. A CT is designed for:
o A. Measuring power
o B. Voltage sensing
 o C. Energy measurement
o D. Current measurement

10. The main advantage of instrument transformers is:

• A. Cost reduction
• B. Increased accuracy
• C. Isolation and scaling
• D. Increased power factor

Section B: Descriptive Questions (5 marks each)

1. Define instrument transformer. List and explain its types.
2. Explain the construction and working of a Current Transformer (CT).
3. With a diagram, explain the operation of a Potential Transformer (PT).
4. Differentiate between CT and PT in terms of application and operation.
5. Define transformation ratio. Explain ratio and phase angle error.
6. Discuss the concept of burden and its effect on instrument transformer performance.
7. Explain why CT secondary should never be open-circuited.
8. Describe the advantages and limitations of instrument transformers.
9. With neat sketches, explain the phasor diagram of CT under load.
10. Describe the testing procedure of an instrument transformer.

Section C: Numerical Questions (5 marks each)

1. A CT has a ratio of 1000/5. What is the secondary current for a primary current of 800A?
2. A PT has a ratio of 22000/110V. If the secondary reads 105V, find the primary voltage.
3. Calculate the burden in ohms of a CT with 5A secondary supplying a wattmeter of 2.5Ω
and ammeter of 1.5Ω.
4. A CT has a phase angle error of 0.5° lagging. Find the impact on power measurement at
unity power factor.
5. Find the percentage ratio error if actual secondary current is 5.1A for a primary current of
100A and a nominal ratio of 20:1.
 6. A PT has a transformation ratio of 100:1. If the secondary voltage is 110V, calculate the
primary voltage.
7. A CT rated 100/5A is supplying a load of 3Ω. Find the voltage across the load.
8. Calculate the ratio correction factor (RCF) for a CT with nominal ratio 100:5 and actual
secondary current 4.95A for 100A primary.
9. If the rated burden of a PT is 100 VA at 100V, find the maximum load impedance.
10. A CT has a burden of 15 VA and a secondary current of 5A. Calculate the load
impedance.

Chapter 2: Power Measurement Techniques

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions

1. The power in a single-phase circuit is measured using:
o A. One ammeter
o B. One voltmeter
o C. Wattmeter
o D. Energy meter

2. In two-wattmeter method, when the power factor is 0.5, one wattmeter reads:
o A. Zero
o B. Negative
o C. Double
o D. Same as the other

3. The wattmeter current coil is connected in:

o A. Parallel
o B. Series
o C. Across load
o D. Ground

4. The total power in a 3-phase balanced load using two-wattmeter method is:
 o A. 𝑊1 + 𝑊2
o B. √3(𝑊1 + 𝑊2 )
o C. 𝑊1 − 𝑊2
o D. (𝑊1 + 𝑊2 )/2

5. A power factor of unity gives wattmeter readings in:

o A. Opposite direction
o B. Same and equal
o C. One zero
o D. One negative

6. Which method is suitable for measuring power in 3-phase unbalanced loads?

o A. One-wattmeter
o B. Two-wattmeter
o C. Three-wattmeter
o D. Voltmeter-ammeter

7. For a 3-phase system, the wattmeter method requires:

o A. Neutral wire
o B. Balanced load
o C. Three-phase supply
o D. Zero voltage

8. The power measured by a wattmeter includes:

o A. Apparent power
o B. Reactive power
o C. Real power
o D. Complex power

9. Reactive power is measured using:

o A. Two-wattmeter method
 o B. Dynamometer wattmeter
o C. Power factor meter
o D. VAR meter

10. The deflecting torque in a wattmeter is proportional to:

• A. Voltage
• B. Current
• C. VIcosθ
• D. VIsinθ

Section B: Descriptive Questions

1. Explain the construction and working of a dynamometer-type wattmeter.
2. Describe the two-wattmeter method of measuring 3-phase power with phasor diagrams.
3. Derive the expression for total power using the three-wattmeter method.
4. Explain the difference between active, reactive, and apparent power.
5. Discuss the errors in wattmeter readings and how to minimize them.
6. What are the conditions under which one wattmeter reads negative in two-wattmeter
method?
7. Explain the significance of power factor in wattmeter readings.
8. Describe how power is measured in a single-phase AC circuit.
9. Compare one-wattmeter and two-wattmeter methods for power measurement.
10. Explain how reactive power is measured using a VAR meter.

Section C: Numerical Questions

1. In a two-wattmeter method, the readings are 300W and -100W. Find total power and
power factor.
2. A single-phase load takes 10A at 230V with a power factor of 0.8 lagging. Find power
consumed.
3. Calculate power factor if two wattmeters read 500W and 500W.
 4. In a three-phase system, two wattmeters read 1000W and 500W. Find total power and
power factor.
5. A dynamometer wattmeter has current coil resistance of 0.1Ω. Calculate power loss in the
coil at 5A.
6. Determine the reading of a wattmeter for a load drawing 2A at 220V and cosθ = 0.7.
7. A wattmeter connected to a 3-phase balanced load reads 3kW. Find phase voltage if line
current is 10A and cosθ = 0.9.
8. Two wattmeters connected to a 3-phase load read 2kW and 1kW. Find reactive power.
9. A wattmeter reads 500W. If current is 2A and voltage is 250V, find power factor.
10. Calculate total power for a three-phase balanced load of 5kW per phase.

Chapter 3: Energy Measurement Techniques

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions

1. Energy is measured in:
o A. Joules
o B. kWh
o C. Watts
o D. Amperes

2. An energy meter is based on:

o A. Induction principle
o B. Hall effect
o C. Magnetic deflection
o D. Electrostatic

3. The rotating disc in an energy meter is made of:

o A. Steel
o B. Iron
o C. Aluminum
 o D. Copper

4. Creeping error in an energy meter is due to:

o A. Mechanical friction
o B. Overvoltage
o C. Excess magnetism
o D. Stray fields

5. Energy consumed = Power × ?

o A. Voltage
o B. Time
o C. Resistance
o D. Frequency

6. The braking torque in an energy meter is:

o A. Proportional to voltage
o B. Proportional to speed
o C. Constant
o D. Opposes deflection

7. Energy meters are calibrated using:

o A. Ammeter
o B. Wattmeter
o C. Phantom loading
o D. Voltmeter

8. The registration of energy meter is given by:

o A. kWh per rev
o B. Rev per kWh
o C. Rev per hour
 o D. W per hour

9. The number of revolutions for 1kWh in a meter with constant 600 rev/kWh is:
o A. 60
o B. 600
o C. 6
o D. 100

10. Error in energy meter is tested by:

• A. Flick test
• B. Load test
• C. Short-circuit test
• D. Magnet test

Section B: Descriptive Questions

1. Explain the working principle of an induction-type energy meter.
2. What is creeping in energy meters? How is it prevented?
3. Describe the construction of a single-phase energy meter.
4. Explain braking torque and its necessity in energy meters.
5. Discuss various errors in energy meters and their compensation.
6. Explain phantom loading and its need.
7. What is meter constant? How is it calculated?
8. Describe the method for calibration of an energy meter.
9. Compare energy meters with digital energy meters.
10. Explain the role of friction compensation in energy meters.

Section C: Numerical Questions

1. An energy meter has a constant of 600 rev/kWh. If it makes 30 revolutions in 3 minutes,
find power consumption.
2. A load of 5kW runs for 2 hours. Calculate energy consumed in kWh.
3. Energy meter records 1.2kWh over 10 minutes. What is the average power?
4. A 230V, 10A meter takes 20 rev in 2 minutes. Find actual power and meter constant.
5. If the energy meter shows 480 rev for 2kWh, find error if actual revolutions should be
500.
6. Calculate braking torque if meter speed is 100rpm and constant = 600 rev/kWh.
7. A meter with 300 rev/kWh makes 45 rev in 5 minutes. Calculate load power.
8. A 3-phase meter shows 30 kWh in 2 hours. What is average load per phase?
9. Load power is 1kW. Find how long it takes to make 60 revolutions for a meter with 600
rev/kWh.
10. A meter reads 500 kWh on day 1 and 545 kWh on day 5. Find daily consumption.