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Physics

The AP Physics 1 Class Notes cover key concepts in kinematics, dynamics, energy, momentum, rotational motion, gravitation, oscillations, waves, sound, and electric circuits. It includes essential equations, principles such as Newton's Laws, conservation laws, and the behavior of waves and electric circuits. The notes serve as a comprehensive guide for understanding fundamental physics topics and their applications.

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18 views2 pages

Physics

The AP Physics 1 Class Notes cover key concepts in kinematics, dynamics, energy, momentum, rotational motion, gravitation, oscillations, waves, sound, and electric circuits. It includes essential equations, principles such as Newton's Laws, conservation laws, and the behavior of waves and electric circuits. The notes serve as a comprehensive guide for understanding fundamental physics topics and their applications.

Uploaded by

jonathan.earp55
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AP Physics 1 Class Notes

1. Kinematics
1-D motion: displacement vs. distance, v_avg, a_avg, constant-accel equations (Big 5).

Graph interpretations: slope of x-t → v; slope of v-t → a; area under v-t → Δx.

2-D projectiles: independence of x/y motion; range = (v₀² sin 2θ)/g; time of flight; peak height.

2. Dynamics
Newton’s Laws; free-body diagrams; common forces (Fg = mg, tension, normal, friction, drag,
spring F = –kx).

Inclined planes: components mg sin θ, mg cos θ; static vs. kinetic friction (μs > μk).

Uniform circular motion: centripetal a = v²/r; F_c = m v²/r; banked curves; apparent
weightlessness.

3. Energy & Work


Work (W = F · d cosθ); Work–Energy theorem (W = ΔK).

Kinetic (½ mv²) vs. potential: gravitational (mgh), spring (½ kx²).

Power (P = W/t = F v); mechanical advantage & efficiency.

Conservation of energy with non-conservative forces (W_nc = ΔE_mech).

4. Momentum & Collisions


Linear momentum (p = mv); impulse (J = F_avg Δt = Δp).

Elastic vs. inelastic vs. perfectly inelastic collisions; center-of-mass frame; 2-D explosion
problems.

Conservation laws for isolated systems.

5. Rotational Motion
Angular kinematics (θ, ω, α) analogous to linear.

Torque (τ = rF sinθ); rotational inertia (I) for common shapes (rod, hoop, disk); parallel-axis
theorem.

Newton’s 2nd for rotation (Στ = Iα); rotational KE (½ Iω²); rolling w/out slipping (v = rω).

Angular momentum (L = Iω); conservation when Στ = 0 (pirouette example).


6. Gravitation & Oscillations
Newton’s Law of Gravitation (F = G m₁m₂/r²); orbital speed v = √(GM/r); total orbital energy.

Simple harmonic motion: mass-spring (T = 2π√(m/k)), pendulum (T = 2π√(L/g) for small θ);
energy exchange; graphs.

7. Waves & Sound


Wave parameters: λ, f, T, v = λf; principle of superposition; standing waves in strings (nλ/2) &
pipes (open/closed).

Doppler effect qualitative and formula v/(v ± v_s).

Intensity (I ∝ A²); decibel scale; resonance.

8. Electric Circuits (Intro)


Charge & current (I = Δq/Δt); Ohm’s Law (V = IR); resistors in series (R_eq = ΣR) vs. parallel
(1/R_eq = Σ1/R).

Kirchhoff’s rules: loop rule (ΣV = 0), junction rule (ΣI_in = ΣI_out).

Capacitance basics: C = ε₀A/d; RC time constant τ = RC (exponential charging/discharging).

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