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AP Physics Class Notes

The AP Physics Class Notes cover key concepts in kinematics, Newton's laws, work, energy, momentum, circular motion, electricity, magnetism, waves, optics, thermodynamics, and modern physics. It includes essential equations, definitions, and principles such as conservation of energy and the laws of thermodynamics. The notes serve as a comprehensive guide for understanding fundamental physics topics and their applications.

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43 views4 pages

AP Physics Class Notes

The AP Physics Class Notes cover key concepts in kinematics, Newton's laws, work, energy, momentum, circular motion, electricity, magnetism, waves, optics, thermodynamics, and modern physics. It includes essential equations, definitions, and principles such as conservation of energy and the laws of thermodynamics. The notes serve as a comprehensive guide for understanding fundamental physics topics and their applications.

Uploaded by

workharder4242
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AP Physics Class Notes – Detailed

Overview
1. Kinematics & Motion
Key Concepts

●​ Position, Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration:


○​ Displacement = change in position (vector quantity).
○​ Velocity = rate of change of displacement.
○​ Acceleration = rate of change of velocity.

Equations of Motion (For Constant Acceleration)

●​ v=v0+atv = v_0 + at (Final velocity)


●​ x=x0+v0t+12at2x = x_0 + v_0t + \frac{1}{2}at^2 (Displacement)
●​ v2=v02+2a(x−x0)v^2 = v_0^2 + 2a(x - x_0) (Velocity-Displacement Relationship)

Projectile Motion

●​ Horizontal Motion: Constant velocity (vx=v0v_x = v_0).


●​ Vertical Motion: Accelerated motion due to gravity (g=9.8m/s2g = 9.8 m/s^2).

2. Newton’s Laws of Motion


First Law (Inertia)

●​ An object remains at rest or moves at a constant velocity unless acted on by a force.

Second Law (F=maF = ma)

●​ Net force equals mass times acceleration.

Third Law (Action-Reaction)

●​ For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Force Types
●​ Gravitational Force: Fg=mgF_g = mg
●​ Normal Force: Perpendicular support force.
●​ Friction: Ff=μNF_f = \mu N (Static vs. kinetic friction).
●​ Tension, Applied Force: Forces exerted by ropes, surfaces.

3. Work, Energy & Power


Work (WW)

●​ W=Fdcos⁡θW = Fd \cos \theta (Force × displacement × cos of angle).


●​ Positive work adds energy; negative work removes energy.

Energy Forms

●​ Kinetic Energy: KE=12mv2KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2.


●​ Potential Energy: Gravitational (PE=mghPE = mgh), elastic (PE=12kx2PE =
\frac{1}{2}kx^2).

Conservation of Energy

●​ KEi+PEi=KEf+PEfKE_i + PE_i = KE_f + PE_f (Total energy remains constant).

Power (PP)

●​ P=WtP = \frac{W}{t} (Rate of doing work).

4. Momentum & Collisions


Momentum (pp)

●​ p=mvp = mv (Mass × velocity).

Impulse & Momentum Theorem

●​ FΔt=ΔpF \Delta t = \Delta p.

Collisions

●​ Elastic: KE conserved.
●​ Inelastic: KE lost.
●​ Perfectly Inelastic: Objects stick together.
5. Circular Motion & Gravitation
Uniform Circular Motion

●​ Centripetal Acceleration: ac=v2ra_c = \frac{v^2}{r}.


●​ Centripetal Force: Fc=mv2rF_c = \frac{mv^2}{r}.

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

●​ F=Gm1m2r2F = G \frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}.

6. Electricity & Magnetism


Electrostatics

●​ Coulomb’s Law: F=kq1q2r2F = k \frac{q_1q_2}{r^2}.


●​ Electric Fields: E=FqE = \frac{F}{q}.

Circuits

●​ Ohm’s Law: V=IRV = IR.


●​ Series vs. Parallel Circuits: Resistance behavior.

Magnetic Fields & Forces

●​ Magnetic Force: F=qvBsin⁡θF = qvB \sin \theta.

7. Waves & Optics


Wave Properties

●​ Frequency, wavelength, speed, amplitude.

Wave Equations

●​ v=fλv = f\lambda (Wave speed).

Light Waves & Lenses

●​ Reflection, refraction, diffraction.

8. Thermodynamics
Heat & Temperature

●​ Q=mcΔTQ = mc\Delta T (Heat transfer equation).

Laws of Thermodynamics

●​ First Law: Energy conservation.


●​ Second Law: Entropy increases.

9. Modern Physics
Quantum Mechanics

●​ Photoelectric effect, wave-particle duality.

Relativity

●​ Time dilation, length contraction.


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