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Transformations Intro

The document outlines four main types of geometrical transformations: translation, reflection, rotation, and enlargement (dilation). Each transformation is defined with specific properties and examples, including how to identify invariant points and describe transformations. It also provides example questions to illustrate the application of these transformations.

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27 views3 pages

Transformations Intro

The document outlines four main types of geometrical transformations: translation, reflection, rotation, and enlargement (dilation). Each transformation is defined with specific properties and examples, including how to identify invariant points and describe transformations. It also provides example questions to illustrate the application of these transformations.

Uploaded by

nalini.pardassie.reil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geometrical transformations change the position or size of a shape without

changing its basic structure.

🔹 Types of Geometrical Transformations

There are four main types of transformations:

1. Translation

Definition: Moving a shape from one place to another without turning or


flipping it.

 Every point moves the same distance in the same direction.

 Described using a vector:

[xy]\begin{bmatrix} x \\ y \end{bmatrix}[xy]

Where:

o x = horizontal movement (right +, left –)

o y = vertical movement (up +, down –)

Example:
A translation by

[3−2]\begin{bmatrix} 3 \\ -2 \end{bmatrix}[3−2]

moves the shape 3 units right and 2 units down.

2. Reflection

Definition: A flip of the shape over a line, creating a mirror image.

 The shape and its image are equidistant from the mirror line.

Common mirror lines:

 x-axis: reflect across horizontal line

 y-axis: reflect across vertical line

 y = x or y = -x

Properties:

 Same size and shape


 Orientation is reversed (flipped)

3. Rotation

Definition: Turning a shape around a fixed point (called the center of


rotation) by a specific angle and direction.

 Must specify:

o Center of rotation

o Angle of rotation (e.g. 90°, 180°, 270°)

o Direction: clockwise (CW) or anticlockwise (ACW)

Common rotations:

 90° clockwise

 180°

 270° clockwise (same as 90° anticlockwise)

4. Enlargement (Dilation)

Definition: Changing the size of a shape while keeping the shape the same.

 Must specify:

o Centre of enlargement

o Scale factor (k):

 If k > 1 → image is bigger

 If 0 < k < 1 → image is smaller

 If k < 0 → image is also reflected

Example:

 Scale factor 2 about (0, 0): Every point is doubled in distance from the
center.

🔸 Invariant Points
 A point is invariant if it does not move during a transformation.

o Translation: no invariant points

o Reflection: points on the mirror line are invariant

o Rotation: center of rotation is invariant

o Enlargement: center of enlargement is invariant

🔹 Identifying Transformations

To describe a transformation:

1. Compare corresponding points

2. Check distances, angles, and direction

3. Look for line of symmetry or rotation center

✏️Example Questions

1. Describe the transformation that maps A(2, 3) to A′(5, 1).


→ Translation by

[3−2]\begin{bmatrix} 3 \\ -2 \end{bmatrix}[3−2]

2. A triangle is reflected in the y-axis. What happens to point (3, 2)?


→ New point: (–3, 2)

3. A shape is rotated 90° clockwise about the origin. Where does (1, 2)
go?
→ New point: (2, –1)

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