Sociology 3

Structure of Indian Society

1. In a good social structure each group and institution 11. ________ is an abstract and intangible phenomenon.
is expected to perform: A. Group B. Community
A. Specific functions C. Social Structure D. Association
B. Un-scheduled functions
12. ________ system refers to the statuses and roles of the
C. No function of any consequence
individual.
D. Only few limited functions A. Ideational B. Positional
2. Who was the first thinker to highlight the structure of C. Cultural D. Normative
society?
13. Which one of the following is true of cast system?
A. Darwin B. Durkheim
A. A person finds his place on the basis of his ability
C. Spencer D. August Comte B. It is not a narrow area
3. Who of the following is not associated with the ideas C. One gets one’s social place on the basis of heredity
expounded by social system: D. People can marry outside the cast
A. Max Weber B. Durkheim
14. Normative system, which is an element of social
C. Robert F. Bales D. Rousseau structure refers to ________
4. Social structure is a ________ structure which is A. Ideals and values B. Rules and regulations
created, maintained for a time and changes. C. Folkways D. Economic pursuits
A. Living B. Flexible
15. Manifest function are those which are:
C. Tangible D. New A. intended B. un-intended
5. Who has differentiated between “actual structure” and C. un-organised D. None of the above
‘general structure’?
16. Latent functions are those which are:
A. Ginsberg B. Redcliffe Brown
A. un-intended B. intended
C. Merton D. Parsons C. recognised D. all of the above
6. In the case of ________, it is not the body but ‘ego’ 17. Which of the following is dysfunction in a growing
or self which acts.
organisation?
A. Actor B. Action
A. security of service
C. Social structure D. Social system B. technological advancement
7. According to Parsons which one of the following is C. competitive market
not a structural element? D. research facilities
A. Social stratification B. Social disorganisation
18. According to ________, social system has passed
C. Family D. Marital relations through three stages, viz, savagery, barbarian and
8. Which of the following is not covered under ‘element civilized.
of social structure’? A. Tylor B. Morgan
A. deviation B. observance C. Durkheim D. Grabner
C. sanction D. group action 19. Who has talked of social act, status-role and actor, as
9. ________ refers to the functional aspect of social elements of social system?
structure. A. Radcliffe Brown B. Tylor
A. Role B. Status C. Parsons D. Loomie
C. Social system D. Social organization 20. The distribution of various roles among the actor in a
10. Social structure is an ________ entity. social system is called ________ by Parsons.
A. Legal B. Abstract A. Stratification B. Division of labour
C. Absolute D. Informal C. Allocation D. Role-set
3
 4 Sociology

21. Symbol and language are ________ of a social system. 31. Johnson has classified functions in social structure as:
A. Biological Pre-requisites A. involved and relative
B. Functional Pre-requisites B. latent and manifest
C. Cultural Pre-requisites C. dormant and manifest
D. Idealistic Pre-requisites D. None of the above
22. Who has classified social system into ‘organic 32. Which one of the following is true of social structure?
solidarity’ and ‘mechanical solidarity’? A. its units are individuals
A. Durkheim B. Weber B. its units are institutions
C. Morgan D. Tylor C. its units are associations
D. none of the above are its units
23. Classification of social system into hunting, pastoral,
agricultural and industrial social system, has been 33. Redcliffe Brown classified social structure into:
made by A. social and economic B. political and social
A. Marxists B. Idealists C. general and social D. general and actual
C. Evolutionists D. Diffusionists 34. The stability of a social structure depends upon the
24. Adaptation and goal attainments are: effectiveness of its ________ system.
A. related to each other A. Legal B. Normative
B. opposed to each other C. Economic D. Sanction
C. partly related to each other 35. The social classes are large groups of people who
D. in no way related to each other differ from each other by their relation to the means
25. ________ has classified the cultural system into of social production. Whose view is this?
sensate, ideational and idealistic. A. Marx B. Weber
A. Sorokin B. Ginsberg C. Lenin D. Ralph Dahrendorf
C. Linton D. Mead 36. Find out the incorrect match
26. Socialisation takes place through various motivational A. Spencer — organic view of society
processes which may be called too ________ of B. Durkheim — organic solidarity and mechanical
socialization. solidarity
A. Ends B. Mechanisms C. Redcliffe Brown — allocation of roles
C. Modes D. Elements D. Sorokin — sensate, ideational and idealistic
27. Lack of division of labour is characteristic of social 37. Which one of the following is not the function of
system based on ________. social system?
A. Achieved Values A. to maintain continuity
B. Mechanical Solidarity B. to ensure social stability
C. Organic Solidarity C. to help in maintaining economic self-sufficiency
D. Caste System D. to promote social integration
28. Who has classified social system on the basis of 38. According to ________, both the social structure and
solidarity the human organism are prove to change, yet they are
A. MacIver B. Morgan stable
C. Kingsley Davis D. Durkheim A. Redcliffe Brown B. Spencer
C. Malinowski D. Parsons
29. Which one of the following is not functional problem
of social structure? 39. Social organisation and social groups:
A. pattern of maintenance A. are not different from each other
B. adaptation B. quite different from each other
C. environment C. are closely linked with each other
D. integration D. always work in close cooperation with each other
30. The ________ is the root cause which weaves the web 40. In a social organization of today most important is:
of social relationship and sets the social structure in A. Coordinate activity of institutions
motion. B. Coordination of priests and the holy
A. Action B. Goal C. Financial aid
C. Normative pattern D. Economic system D. Political patronage
 Sociology 5
41. It is now fully well accepted that for maintaining C. Mechanical Solidarity
social structure: D. Primitive Society
A. latent functions have no role 50. Which of the following is not true of the role
B. manifest functions alone are responsible occupant?
C. latent functions have their own role to play A. he must do certain social things
D. manifest functions have no place B. he must not do certain social things
42. ________ must motivate the actors adequately to the C. he may decide what social things to do and what
performances, necessary for the social system to not to do
develop or persist. D. he is above all social obligation
A. Social structure 51. Who has mentioned five mechanisms of socialization,
B. Social system viz. reinforcement, extinction inhibition, substitution,
C. Gratificational system imitation and identification?
D. Need disposition system A. Redcliffe Brown B. Nadel
43. In a good social structure roles are: C. Parsons D. Merton
A. more important than role occupants 52. When role occupants divided themselves into sub
B. less important than role occupants groups, the latter:
C. both role and occupants are equally important A. live shorter life than the individual members
D. neither role nor role occupants are important B. live longer life than the individual members
44. H.M. Johnson believed that “The structure of anything C. has as much life as the individual members
consists of the relative inter-relationship among its D. has nothing to do with the life of individual
parts which are: members
A. unstable B. fluctuating 53. When Universalism is combined with achievement
C. rigid and hard D. stable values, it produces a social structure of ________
45. Under ________ system, material happiness is given pattern.
primary importance where as under ________ system A. Universalistic — Ascription
B. Particularistic — Achievement
spritual happiness is regarded more important.
C. Universalistic — Achievement
A. Marxist, Idealistic B. Sensate, Ideational
D. Particularistic — Ascription
C. Ideational, Idealistic D. Sensate, Idealistic
54. ________ Social values favour status determination
46. During middle ages the king
on the basis of generalized rules independent of one’s
A. Had no problems with the estate holders
achievement.
B. Had to fight wars with the feudal lords
A. Universalistic
C. Was successful in persuading the estate holders to
B. Particularistic
accept his supremacy
C. Achieved
D. Tried to win the loyalty of the estate holders by
D. None of the above
giving them donations
55. If selection is made on the basis of caste, religion,
47. Formal social structure is one: state, etc. it means that in such societies — social
A. which is indicated by informal groupings values are considered more important.
B. which indicates division of functions A. Universalistic B. Achieved
C. which includes plans and groupings C. Particularistic D. Ascribed
D. which gives prominence to grouping over plans
56. Manifest and latent functions are:
48. Norms when institutionalised are: A. always linked with each other
A. always followed on every occasion B. always opposed to each other
B. cannot be followed on every occasion C. sometimes close to each other
C. partially followed every occasion D. none of the above is true
D. all the above statements are true
57. The concepts of aristocracy and ethnic superiority are
49. Specialization of labour and disappearance of mental found in ________ type of social structure.
and moral homogeneity of individuals, according to A. Universalistic — Achievement
Durkheim, is associated with ________. B. Particularistic — Achievement
A. Organic Solidarity C. Particularistic — Ascription
B. Corporate Society D. Universalistic — Ascription
 6 Sociology

58. Under universalistic — Achievement pattern the choice A. Redcliffe Brown B. Morton
of goal by the individual must be in accord with the C. Parsons D. Durkheim
________.
67. Social organisation and social groups are:
A. Universalistic values B. Particularistic values
A. neutral to each other
C. Legal values D. Community values
B. complementary to each other
59. ________ denotes functional aspect of the actor, C. contradictory to each other
whereas ________ denotes his place in the social D. diametrically opposed to each other
system.
68. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Role, status
A. Class is more open than cast
B. Social system, social structure
B. The Cast system is believed to have been divinely
C. Gratificational system, status
ordained whereas classes are not founded on
D. Orientation system, role
religious dogmas
60. ‘The components of social structure are human beings, C. Caste is more open than class
the structure it self being an arrangement of persons D. Both (A) and (B) are true
in relationships institutionally defined and regulated.
69. In our modern social organisation process is going on
Who has said this?
in which:
A. Durkheim B. Nadel
A. small groups are only disintegrating
C. Parsons D. Redcliffe Brown
B. small groups are only combining
61. Who of the following has said about latent and manifest C. big groups are only disintegrating
functions that “the distinction enables us to pose the D. big groups are only combining
question, what difference does the manifestness or
70. According to ________ social structure is concerned
latency of a mechanism make to the effectiveness of
with the forms of inter relationship between various
mechanism for good or bad”?
units rather than with the units.
A. H.M. Johnson B. Merton
A. MacIver B. Parsons
C. Parsons D. Durkheim
C. Spencer D. Redcliffe Brown
62. ________ does not consist only of adhoc responses to
71. In a good social organisation the people should be:
a particular situation stimuli but also of a system of
A. reluctant to accept any status
expectations relative to individual’s own need
B. prompt in accepting some status
disposition.
C. allowed to accept equal status
A. Status B. Social system D. made to realise that all have equal capabilities
C. Action D. Actor
72. Which of the following statements is true?
63. There are four types of social values for the A. Social Structure is an abstract and intangible
classification of social structure, which one of the phenomenon
following is not covered under these values? B. Redcliffe Brown considers ‘Social structure’ as
A. described B. achieved real as are individual organisms.
C. ascribed D. particularistic C. None of the above
64. ________ is a process in the actor situation system D. Both (A) and (B) are true
which motivates the individual or individuals in the 73. Social organisation is replaced by social disorgani-
case of a group. sation when:
A. Action B. Integration A. imposition is replaced by willingness
C. Gratification D. Co-operation B. willingness is replaced by imposition
65. Parsons has kept the Indian and the Chinese social C. there is unanimity among the people
structures under ________ category D. none of the above is true
A. The Particularistic — Achievement 74. The integration and co-ordination of the different parts
B. The Universalistic — Ascription of social structure depend upon ________ to social
C. The Particularistic — Ascription norms.
D. The Universalistic — Achievement A. Deviation
66. Who has described four types of social structure on B. Attachment
the basis of four social values, viz. universalistic, C. Conformity
particularistic, achieved and ascribed social value? D. None of the above
 Sociology 7
75. For proper social organisation it is essential that: 83. Universalistic - Achievement type of social structure
A. Society should have full control over its members is ________ where as universalistic ascription type is
B. Society should have only partial control over its ________ .
members A. Individualistic, collectivistic
C. Society should forget excessive control over its B. Legal, rational
members C. Flexible, rigid
D. Social controls should be rigid and tight D. Non-Contractual, Contractual
76. Who of the following has defined social organisation 84. Which of the following is the functional problem of
as “the totality of cultural institutions and their inter- social structure?
relationship together with the body of unorganised A. Pattern of maintenance
activities and characteristic”? B. Adaptation
A. Earnest Jones B. Merton C. Integration
C. Reuter and Hart D. Lundberg D. All of the above
77. Which one of the following is not a reason for 85. In a good social structure groups and sub-groups
maintaining distinction between manifest and latent A. try to adapt themselves
functions? B. merge with each other
A. manifest functions are everything in social C. oppose each other
structure D. cooperate with each other in a limited sense
B. manifest functions alone are not everything in 86. Which is one of the primary means of social control
social structure through which different activities and relationships
C. both the functions are needed for introducing are co-ordinated to minimize conflicts on the social
social reforms level
D. both help in knowing the effectiveness of A. Institutionalization
mechanism. B. Integration
78. In Sociology, characteristics of dysfunction is that: C. Co-operation
A. it is subjective D. Substitution
B. it is objective 87. An informal social structure is one of which
C. it is neither subjective nor objective A. groups are subordinated to plans
D. it is partly subjective and partly objective B. groups and plan get equal place
79. Main characteristic of purpose and function is that: C. groups have prior place over plans
A. Purpose is objective and function is subjective D. groups and plans are nothing do with each other
B. Both are objective 88. Social structure:
C. Both are subjective A. has nothing to do with social deviation
D. Purpose is subjective, function is objective B. helps indefining social deviation
80. Dysfunctions are those functions which: C. gives no place to social deviation
A. help in the accomplishment of task D. can exist with social deviations only
B. help in accelerating certain tasks 89. In a good society, about social structure it is:
C. hinder fulfilment of tasks A. desirable that it should be rigid
D. have nothing to do with goals B. proper that in it institutions must not yield
81. The social structure of Nazi Germany was ________ C. wanted that in it institutions must change with
A. Universalistic — Achievement the changing times
B. Particularistic — Ascription D. desirable that every institutional change should
C. Particularistic — Achievement be resisted
D. Universalistic — Ascription 90. In a good social structure for goal attainment it is
82. What is not true of ‘function’ in society? essential that resources must be mobilised in an
A. it contributes of the fulfilment of one or more effective manner
tasks A. according to specific nature of the task
B. it contributes to the fulfilment of one task alone B. without consideration for the task
C. it does not hinder fulfilment of tasks C. according to unspecified task
D. it is not opposed to task achievements D. task and goal have no relevance
8 Sociology

ANSWERS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A C D A B A D C C B
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C B C A A A A B C C
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C A C A A B B D C A
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B A D D A C C A B A
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
C B A D B B B B A D
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
C B C A C C D A A D
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
A C B A A C B D D B
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
B D B C A C A B D C
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
D B A D A A C B C A

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