Laboratory Exercise on Static

GNSS Data Post-Processing

GE 109 – Satellite Geodesy
 Authors/Contributors*
This material was prepared/contributed by the following faculty members:

Name Type of Contribution Date of Contribution/Revision

Engr. Jojene R. Santillan Established (first 11/14/2018
version)
Engr. Arnaldo C. Gagula Updated the Format 06/08/2022
and some contents

*If this material was edited, revised or updated, kindly fill-up the table with required details accordingly. Then
save to a new file with the file name updated with the date of revision. Upload the new file to the Google Drive
folder.
 Copyright Notice
• Copyright © 2018-2019 by All Authors/Contributors and Department of Geodetic
Engineering, College of Engineering and Geosciences, Caraga State University, Butuan City.

• All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials on these module are copyrighted
by the entities indicated above.

• No part of this module maybe reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, without either the prior written permission or authorization of All
Authors/Contributors and the Department of Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering
and Geo-Sciences, Caraga State University, Butuan City.

• IMPORTANT: The PowerPoint file shall never be distributed to other parties (including
students). Only a PDF of this file shall be distributed to students of the course only.
Distribution of the PDF to other parties except students of the course shall have prior
permission or authorization of all Authors/Contributors and the DGE of CEGS, CSU.
 Objective
• To teach the students on how to post-process
static GNSS data for ground control
establishment purposes, including checking of
data quality.
 Expected Learning Outcomes
• After this exercise, the students must have
– Converted raw static GNSS observation datasets to the Receiver
Independent Exchange (RINEx) Format
– Famialiarized themselves with the Hi-Target Geomatics Office
(HGO) software
– Performed static GNSS baseline processing using HGO software
– Performed static GNSS network adjustment using HGO software
– Generated baseline processing and network adjustment reports
– Analyzed baseline processing and network adjustment reports
– Extracted baseline information and adjusted coordinates of
establish control points, including their accuracies from baseline
processing and network adjustment reports
Summary of Post-processing Workflow
• Conversion of raw GNSS data to RINEx
• Data Quality Checking
• Baseline processing
• Network adjustment
 Datasets, Software and Materials Needed
• Raw GNSS Datasets
– see “RawGNSSData” folder
– contains data for two independent
sessions logged by Trimble SPS855
(*.TO2) and South S86T (*.sth) GNSS
receivers for 5 control points:
• AGS29 (Base Station)
• AS57
• UPBIN1 (Base Station)
• UPJOM1
• UPSTAJ1

established in Logom-Baobo Watershed

within Agusan River Basin (see next slide
for map)
– Data source: Geo-SAFER Agusan
Project, Caraga Center for Geo-
Informatics (CCGeo)
Map of Control Points
 Datasets, Software and Materials
Needed
• Reported Accuracies of GNSS Receivers Used
(refer to the technical spec. sheets for more
details):
– South S86T

– Trimble SPS855
Datasets, Software
and Materials
Needed

• Technical
descriptions of
base stations:
AGS-29

Refer to the
PDF file for a
clear version
Datasets, Software
and Materials
Needed

• Technical
descriptions of
base stations:
UP-BIN1

Refer to the PDF

file for a clear
version
 Datasets, Software and Materials
Needed
• RINEx conversion software
– STH RINEx Converter (for data logged by South GNSS
receivers)
– Trimble RINEx Utility

• Hi-Target Geomatics Office (HGO)

→ download the above software from the

“Laboratory Exercise 2” folder of our Google Drive
directory
CONVERSION OF RAW GNSS DATA
TO RINEX
 Convert the South (*.sth) raw GNSS files to RINEx
• Copy the contents of the “STH_Rinex Converter” to
the “Session 1” and “Session 2” folders
• In each session raw data folders, run (by double-
clicking) ToRinex4.exe
• In the GUI that will appear:
– click “Select All”
– click “Edit”, then edit the station name to the following:
• AGS29
• AS57
• UPJOM1
– Once edited, click the left “??” button

– Finally, click “Convert” to start the RINEx conversion

• For each control point, there will be 1 observation
RINEx file (*.17o) and 3 navigation RINEx files (*.17n
for GPS, *.17g for GLONASS, and *.17R for BDS)
• Rename the file extension for all BDS navigation RINEx
files to *.17c instead of *.17R.
– this will ensure that HGO will read it correctly later on.

• Question 1: What does the number “17” in the file

extension refers to?
• Open the RINEx files using Notepad, Notepad++ or
Wordpad to see the contents of the files.
• Question 2: What do the values in the observation
and navigation RINEx files represent?
 Convert the Trimble (*.t02) files to
RINEx
• Install Trimble RINEx Utility software (ConvertToRinex
v3.08.0.exe)
– note: you may need to install first “TrimbleCFGUpdate.exe”
before installing ConvertToRinex v3.08.0.exe
• Use the Trimble RINEx Utility to convert the files
– Click File → Open, then select the *.t02 file
– Use RINEx Version 210
– Edit the Marker name and number (e.g., UPBIN1 instead of
UPBI, etc)
– Then, click File → Convert Files
– Repeat the process for all *.to2 files (do not forget to edit the
marker name and number)
 At this point, you should have
converted all the raw GNSS files for all
GCPS in Session 1 and Session 2
GNSS DATA QUALITY CHECKING
 Create a New HGO Project (1)
• Start the HGO software
• Create a new project. Click File → New
– Name the project as “<YourLastName> - Session1
– You may accept the default project location (C:\HGO Project) or save
it in a directory/folder of your choice
– Click OK
• In the “Project Properties” widget:
– re-enter the project name under the “Information” tab. Leave all
others blank
– click the “Tolerance” tab
• Change the Standard to “User Define”
• Enter precision to “0.0001”
• Relative precision: 50 (for 3rd order geodetic control)
– click the “Advanced: tab
• Change the Point name of obs file → First 8 chars of file name
– Click OK
 Create a New HGO Project (2)
• Set the coordinate system to UTM Zone 51
WGS 84
– In the “Coordinate” widget that will appear next:
• Click “Add Predefined”
• Navigate to “C:\Program Files (x86)\Hi-Target
Geomatics Office\bin\GeoPath”
• Double click on the folder “Eastern Asia”
• Look for the “Philippines” folder
• Select “UTM-WGS84-Zone 51N .dam”, click “Open”
• Click OK to set the coordinate system of the project
 Load the RINEx files for Session 1
• First, load the RINEx file for the AGS29 control point
which was one of the base station used during the
GNSS observation
• Click File → Import
– In the “Import Widget”, ensure that “RINEX” file is checked
– Click “Select File(S)”, then navigate to the folder where you
saved the RINEx files for Session 1, then select
“AGS29.17O”, then click “Open” to load the file
– The GCP will now be added in the Project Plot
• Explore the different parts of the GUI such as the
project navigation field (left section) and the different
tabs in the main view (Project Plot, Obs-File, Point, etc)
Parts of the HGO Main Interface
Navigation Field
 Check the GNSS Observation Data (1)
• In the navigation field, under
“Observation Files”, select
“AGS29_AGS29.zsd”.
– This file contains the
observation and navigation data
for AGS29 (converted from the
RINEx files)
– Double click on this file.
• The details will appear such as the
location of the observation RINEx
file (*.17O) and the navigation
files for GPS (*.17N), GLONASS
(*.17G), and BDS (*.17C)
• Information about the antenna
and receiver are also included
 Check the GNSS Observation Data (2)
• While “AGS29_AGS29.zsd” is selected in the
Navigation Field:
– in the main view, click on the “Obs-File” tab.
Information about the observation will be shown
– Question 3: (1 pt each):
• a. What is the starting and ending dates and times of
the observation?
• b. What is the time span of the observation?
• c. How many epochs does the observation have?
• d. What does “epoch” means?
• e.What is the data logging interval?
• f. What are the latitude and longitude of the AGS29
based on observation data?
 Check the GNSS Observation Data (3)
• While “AGS29_AGS29.zsd” is still selected in the Navigation Field:
– in the main view, click on the “SPP and QC” tab.
– Question 4: (1 pt each):
• a. What does “SPP” mean?
• b. What does “QC” mean?
• c. List the values of the following in the provided answer sheet:
– Mean Lat, Mean Lon, and Mean Height
– Mean X, Mean Y, and Mean Z
– Mean PDOP
• d. What do these values represent?
• e. For each value, what do the values after ± represent?

– Click the “SPP” button. Uncheck all constellations except GPS. Set the “Calculate Interval” to 10 seconds.
Click OK
– Question 5. What happened to the numerical values? (1 pt)
– Question 6. List down the values of Mean Lat, Mean Lon and Mean height as well as the PDOP in the
provided answer sheet. These values represent the WGS coordinates of the receiver calculated using the
single point positioning method using only GPS signals. For Lat and Lon, write in dd0mm’ss.sssss”
format. (3 pts)

– Question 7. Click SPP again, then check only GPS and GLONASS. List down the values of Mean Lat, Mean
Lon, Mean Hieght, and PDOP in the provided answer sheet. (3 pts)

– Question 8. Click SPP again, then check only GPS, GLONASS and BDS. List down the values of Mean Lat,
Mean Lon, Mean Height, and PDOP in the provided answer sheet. (3 pts)

– Question 9. What happens to the value of PDOP as you include more constellations (i.e., adding
GLONASS and BDS) in the single point positioning calculation? What does this mean? (2 pts)
 Check the GNSS Observation Data (4)
• Still in the “SPP and QC” tab:
– Perform quality checking of the GNSS observation data
• Click the “Recheck” button.
• In the Single Positioning Option widget, check only GPS (uncheck GLONASS, BDS, and
Galileo)
• Set the Interval to 10 seconds, and elevation mask to 150
• Set the Tolerance values as is.
– Data Completeness: the percentage value indicate the minimum % completeness of GNSS
observation data that the software will consider in order to pass the quality checking for
completeness
– “MP” means the “Multipath”. The values indicated are the tolerable values for two types of Multipath
Errors (MP1 and MP2)
• Click OK.
• The software will now do quality checking

• Question 10. Did the “GPS only” GNSS observation data passed the quality check? (2 pts)
• Click the “HTML Report” button. The html file presents details of the quality checking.
Take time to examine the contents of this file.
• Question 11. Based on the quality checking report for “GPS only” observation data (3 pts)
– a. How many GPS satellites have observation data?
– b. What is the percentage completeness of the data?
– c. Which GPS satellite has the least percentage of valid observation data? How many percentage of
the data is invalid?
• The quality checking report has many uses. One usage is that you can find which satellite
can be excluded later on when doing baseline processing.
 Check the GNSS Observation Data (4)
• Still in the “SPP and QC” tab:
– Perform quality checking of the GNSS observation data
• Click the “Recheck” button once again. This time, check only GLONASS, then click OK.
– Question 12. Did the “GLONASS only” data passed the quality checking? Why? (Hint: use the html
report) (2 pts)
• Click the “Recheck” button once again. This time, check only BDS, then click OK.
– Question 13. Did the “BDS only” data passed the quality checking? Why? (Hint: use the html report)
(2 pts)
• Click the “Recheck” button once again. This time, check both GLONASS and BDS, then
click OK.
– Question 14. Did the “GLONASS + BDS” data passed the quality checking? Why? (Hint: use the html
report) (2 pts)
• Click the “Recheck” button once again. This time, check both GPS and GLONASS ,then
click OK.
– Question 15. Did the “GPS + GLONASS” data passed the quality checking? Why? (Hint: use the html
report) (2 pts)
• Click the “Recheck” button once again. This time, check both GPS and BDS, then click OK.
– Question 16. Did the “GPS + BDS” data passed the quality checking? Why? (Hint: use the html report)
(2 pts)

• Question 17. Based on the checking of GNSS observation data on a per constellation
basis: (3 pts)
– a. What can be concluded about the quality of the data?
– b. Would you include GLONASS and /or BDS data in your baseline processing later on? Why?
– c. If you are to choose between GLONASS and BDS to use with GPS in baseline processing, which
among the two would you choose? Why?
 Check the GNSS Observation Data (3)
• While “AGS29_AGS29.zsd” is still selected in the Navigation
Field:
– In the main view, click on the “Data” tab. The data observed from
the GPS, GLONASS and BDS satellites are shown
• Question 18. What do the green and blue lines represent? (2 pts)
– In the main view, click on the “Skyplot” tab. The position of the
satellites (GPS, GLONASS and BDS) during the GNSS observation
period are shown.
• Question 19. Try clicking and moving the scroll button (either left or right).
What can you observe? (2 pts)
• Question 20. Among the many satellites shown, which constellation (GPS,
GLONASS or BDS) and specific satellite numbers can be considered
geostationary or inclined geosynchronous orbiting satellites? Why? (2 pts)
• Question 21. In the SNR plot, what do the green lines represent? (2 pts)

• Save your project (but do not exit/close HGO yet)

SINGLE BASELINE PROCESSING WITH
BASIC NETWORK ADJUSTMENT
 Add more RINEx files and perform
quality checking
• Add the RINEx file of UPSTAJ1 (Session 1) (Click File → Import)
• Once added, the Project Plot will show the two CPs (AGS29 and
UPSTAJ1) connected by a line.
– They are connected because they have common observation data (if
not, then they will not be connected)
• Similar to what has been done before, perform data checking using
“GPS Only” data for UPSTAJ1
– Question 22. What is the WGS84 Lat, Lon and Ellipsoidal Height of
UPSTAJ1 based on single point positioning using GPS only data with
10 second interval and 150 elevation mask? (3 pts)
– Question 23. Using the same data quality checking parameters as we
did with AGS29 (10 s interval, 150 elevation mask, etc), did the GPS
only data of UPSTAJ1 passed the data quality checking? Why? (2 pts)
– Question 24. If we are to exclude data from specific GPS satellites in
the UPSTAJ1 observation data, which satellites would they be? Why?
(2 pts)
 Check the Baseline Observation Data
• In the “Navigation Field”, click “Baselines”, then select the baseline corresponding
to AGS29-UPSTAJ1
• In the main view, click on the “Baseline” tab. Preliminary (unprocessed) baseline
information are listed. The preliminary values are based on single point
positioning calculations
– The “Length” is the baseline line based on the cartesian (XYZ) coordinate system.
– The “Projection Length” is the length of the baseline based on the UTM Zone 51
WGS84 coordinate system (or which ever coordinate system you set for the project)
– The height difference is the difference in ellipsoidal heights of the two points of the
baseline (in this case, AGS29 and UPSTAJ1)
– Question 24. What are the preliminary/unprocessed values of the baseline “Length”
and “Projection Length”? (2 pts)
• Click on the “Data Plot” tab. Shown here are the GNSS data common to both
points.
– Question 25. Which GPS and GLONASS satellites have data commonly recorded by
GNSS receivers at AGS29 and UPSTAJ1? (5 pts)
– The data plot can be used to select/unselect specific satellites whose data will be
used/excluded in baseline processing.
– Also, you can select which part of the observation data will be used. This can be done
by clicking and dragging in the data plot.
• Try clicking and dragging. The portion of the data selected will be the ones used by the software for
baseline processing.
• Unselect the data by clicking “Revoke”
 Single Baseline Processing (1)
• Now we are ready to perform baseline
processing.
• Before proceeding, make sure that you did not
unselect specific satellites in the baselines
“Data Plot” and that you have
cleared/revoked any data selection
 Single Baseline Processing (1)
• First, let’s set “AGS29” as a control station:
– In the “Navigation Field”, click “Points”, then select “AGS29”
– In the main view, click on the “Points” tab.
• in the table, select the row corresponding to AGS29,then right-click on it, then
select “Set as Control Point”
• A blue triangle will then appear under the “Fix” column. This means that we
have fixed the position of AGS29 being as control (or “base”) station.
– Now, let’s add the true WGS84 coordinates of AGS 29. Still in the main
view, click on the “Control Points” tab
• Right-click on the entry for AGS29, then select “Edit”
• In the “Control Point Details” widget:
– Uncheck “Fix Target Coordinate (L)”
– Check “Fix WGS84 Coordinate (W)”
» Then select “Geodetic (BLH)
• Check X/B, then add its actual latitude based on the technical description
shown earlier
• ChecY/L, then add its actual longitude based on the technical description
shown earlier
• Check Z/H, then add its actual ellipsoidal height based on the technical
description shown earlier
» Make sure that you strictly follow HGO’s format in entering the geodetic
coordinates
» Once the geodetic coordinates are correctly entered (and according to the correct
format, click “Apply”
 Single Baseline Processing (2)
• Set also the actual coordinates of AGS29 in
the “Points” tab
– Right-click on AGS29, then select “Edit”
– In the “Station” widget, click “Edit (E)”
• Then edit the values of B (latitude), L (longitude)m and
Ellipsoid H to reflect the actual/true WGS84
coordinates of AGS29.
– Don’t forget to add more 0 values to complete the 6 decimal
places
• Click Apply once done, then close the widget
 Single Baseline Processing (3)
• Set the Baseline Processing Options
– For this exercise, we will perform baseline processing
using the following settings:
• Constellation: GPS only
• Interval: 10 seconds
• Minimum epoch: 10 seconds
• Elevation mask: 15 seconds
– In the main menu, click Baseline → Process Options
• In the widget that will appear, edit the baseline processing
parameters to reflect the above values
• Leave all other values unchanged.
• Once the values are correctly set, click “Apply to (A)”
– The setting will be applied to the selected baseline (i.e.,
AGS29→UPSTAJ1)
 Single Baseline Processing (4)
• Make sure that you have selected the AGS29-UPSTAJ1 baseline in the
“Navigation Field”
• Process the AGS29→UPSTAJ1 baseline
– In the main menu, click Baseline → Process Line
• The software will now perform processing
• It may take sometime to process the baseline depending on your computer speed
– Once processing is done, the results will now be presented in the “Baseline” tab in
the main window.
• Question 26. What are the values of the following based on the results of baseline processing:
Ratio, RMS, DX, DY, DZ, Std, Length, Projection Length, Height Difference, Relative Error? Present
your values in a table (10 pts)
• Question 27. What do the DX, DY, and DZ values represent? (2 pts)
• Question 28. What is the value of the relative error in mm of the baseline projectionl ength?
Show detailed computations. (2 pts)
• Question 29. Based on the value of the relative error, do the baseline comply with 3rd order
accuracy geodetic control survey? Why? (2 pts)
– The detailed report of the baseline processing can be viewed by clicking Baseline →
Report.
• BUT First, set the Report format.
– Click Baseline → Report Options
» In the widget that will appear, select “MS Office (WORD)” as the report format, then click OK
• NOW, view the report. Click Baseline → Report. Examine and understand the contents of the
report.
– If the report is not generated, there might be something wrong. In that case, change the report format
to “Text” or “HTML” (whichever works)
• At this point, you have performed the most basic step in static GNSS data post-
processing
 Single Baseline Processing (5)
• Based on the baseline processing report,
– Question 30. What are values of the coordinates of
UPSTAJ1 based on the following coordinate system?
(6 pts)
• a. Cartesian (X, Y, and Z)
• b. WGS84 (Latitude, Longitude, and Ellipsoidal Height)

• Save your project (but do not exit/close HGO

yet)
 Simple Network Adjustment (1)
• After baseline processing, network adjustment
follows (especially if there are more than 1
baselines, and if there are redundant baseline
observation data, i.e., more than 1 baseline
have common observation data)
• At this point of the exercise, we are still
focused on 1 baseline.
• Let’s see if network adjustment is necessary
for the data that we currently have.
 Simple Network Adjustment (2)
• Set the network adjustment
settings
– In the main menu, click Adjust
→ Adjust Option
– Set the parameters as shown.
– For the “Weighted Strategies”,
leave the values as they are
– Click OK once finished
• Also, set the adjustment report
to a HMTL file
– Click Adjust → Adjust Report
Options
– Select “HTML file” under
Report Format
– Click Ok
 Simple Network Adjustment (3)
• Perform network adjustment
– Click Adjust → Adjust
• The Network Adjust widget will
appear
• Select 3D Biased
– Select WGS84 Datum
• Ensure that “Constraint 3D NetAdjust
In WGS84” is selected
– Now, click “Auto Adjust”
– Then, click “Process”
– Once done, click “Get Report”
• The Report will presented in a text
file
• You must save this file as webpage
complete
(YourLastName_NetworkAdjust_Sessi
on1_AGS29-UPSTAJ1.txt)
– For any GNSS post processing, all
kinds of reports are always saved
(especially data quality checking,
baseline processing and network
adjustment reports)
 Simple Network Adjustment (4)
• In the Network Adjustment report, look for the adjusted values and
standard deviations of Cartesian and WGS84 coordinates of the control
points

• Question 30. Create a table of the adjusted values and standard

deviations of Cartesian and WGS84 coordinates of the control points
(12 pts)

• Question 31. Are the adjusted values of UPSTAJ1 WGS84 coordinates

different from the coordinates derived from baseline processing? Why
do you think are the values the same or different? (5 pts)

• Question 32. Why do you think are the standard deviations of the
coordinates of AGS29 and UPSTAJ1 have values of zero? (2 pts)

• Save your project. Do not close/exit HGO yet.

MULTIPLE BASELINES PROCESSING AND
NETWORK ADJUSTMENT WITH ONE
CONTROL/BASE STATION
• At this point, we will now perform multiple
baseline processing and network adjustment
 Add more RINEx files and perform
quality checking
• Add the RINEx file of AS57 (Session 1) (Click File → Import)
• Once added, the Project Plot will show the three CPs (AGS29,
UPSTAJ1, and AS57) connected by lines
– They are connected because they have common observation data (if
not, then they will not be connected)
• Similar to what has been done before, perform data checking using
“GPS Only” data for AS57
– Question 33. What are the WGS84 Lat, Lon and Ellipsoidal Height of
AS57 based on single point positioning using GPS only data with 10
second interval and 150 elevation mask? (3 pts))
– Question 34. Using the same data quality checking parameters as we
did with AGS29 (10 s interval, 150 elevation mask, etc), did the GPS
only data of AS57 passed the data quality checking? Why? (3 pts)
 Perform Multiple Baseline Processing
(1)
• First, ensure that the
baseline processing
options are set as
shown (15 degrees
elevation mask, 30
second interval,
minimum epoch of 10
s, GPS only)
• Once set, click “Apply
to” → “All”

• IMPORTANT: Ensure
that “All” is selected
before clicking “Apply
to”
 Perform Multiple Baseline Processing
(2)
• In the “Navigation Field”, select “Baselines”
to show the Baselines tables in the main
window

• Click Baseline → Process Project

– This means that all baselines in the project will
be processed
• This saves the need for manually selecting all
baselines
• All baselines should now be processed.
 Perform Multiple Baseline Processing
(3)
• Based on the multiple baseline processing
result,

– Question 35. Create a table of the baseline

processing results showing the values of the
following for each baseline: Ratio, RMS, DX, DY, DZ,
Std, Length, Projection Length, Height Difference,
Relative Error (ppm) (30 pts)

– Question 36. What would be the relative error in

mm for each of the baselines projection length?
Show detailed computations. (2 pts)
 Perform Multiple Baseline Processing
(4)
View the baseline processing report for each
baseline. You need to select first the baseline,
then click Baseline → Report
– Question 37. Based on the baseline processing
report, create a table of the derived WGS84
(Latitude, Longitude, E. Height) coordinates of
AGS29, UPSTAJ1, and AS57. ( 9 pts)
 Adjustment of Network with Multiple Baselines (1)

• Now, we are ready to perform

network adjustment
• First, ensure that we set the
network adjustment settings
correctly
– In the main menu, click Adjust →
Adjust Option
– Set the parameters as shown.
– For the “Weighted Strategies”, leave
the values as they are
– Click OK once finished
• Also, ensure that we set the
adjustment report to a HMTL file
– Click Adjust → Adjust Report Options
– Select “HTML file” under Report
Format
– Click Ok
 Adjustment of Network with Multiple Baselines (2)

• Perform network adjustment

– Click Adjust → Adjust
• The Network Adjust widget will
appear
• Select 3D Biased
– Select WGS84 Datum
• Ensure that “Constraint 3D NetAdjust
In WGS84” is selected
– Now, click “Auto Adjust”
– Then, click “Process”
– Once done, click “Get Report”
• The Report will presented in a text
file
• You must save this file as webpage
complete
(YourLastName_NetworkAdjust_Sessi
on1_AGS29-UPSTAJ1-AS57.html)
– For any GNSS post processing, all
kinds of reports are always saved
(especially data quality checking,
baseline processing and network
adjustment reports)
 Adjustment of Network with Multiple Baselines (3)
• In the Network Adjustment report, look for the adjusted values and standard deviations of Cartesian,
WGS84, and Target coordinates of the control points

• Question 38. Create a table of the adjusted values and standard deviations of Cartesian coordinates
of the control points (18 pts)

• Question 39. Create a table of the adjusted values and standard deviations of WGS84 coordinates of
the control points (18 pts)

• Question 40. Create a table of the adjusted values and standard deviations of Target NEZ coordinates
of the control points. (18 pts)

• Question 41. What do the values of the Target NEZ coordinates of the control points represent? (2
pts)

• Question 42. Are the adjusted values of WGS84 coordinates of UPSTAJ1 and AS57 different from the
coordinates derived from baseline processing? Why do you think are the values the same or
different? (2 pts)

• Question 43. Why do you think are the standard deviations of the coordinates of AGS29 equal to
zero? (2 pts)

• Question 44. What do the standard deviations in the coordinates of UPSTAJ1 and AS57 represent? (2
pts)

• Save your project. Do not close/exit HGO yet.

MULTIPLE BASELINES PROCESSING AND
NETWORK ADJUSTMENT WITH TWO
CONTROL/BASE STATIONS
• In the previous steps, we dealt with
processing multiple baselines and performed
network adjustment with only 1 base or
control station.

• For this part of the exercise, we will now use 2

base/control stations in our baseline
processing and network adjustment.
 Add the RINEx file of the 2nd Base
Control Station
• Add the RINEx file of UPBIN1 (Session 1) (Click
File → Import)
• Once added, the Project Plot will show already
show 4 CPs (AGS29, UPSTAJ1, AS57, and UPBIN1)
connected by lines
– They are connected because they have common
observation data (if not, then they will not be
connected)
• Similar to what has been done before, perform
data checking using “GPS Only” data for UPBIN1
 Set UPBIN1 as Control Station
• Same as what you did for AGS29:
– Set UPBIN1 as control station
• In the “Control Point Details”, add the true/actual WGS84
coordinates of UPBIN1 based on the technical description
• Ensure that “Fix Target Coordinate” is unchecked
• Ensure that “Fix WGS84 Coordinate” is checked, and that the
Geodetic coordinates (Lat, Lon, H) are checked, and values
are correctly entered

• Also, ensure that the coordinates of UPBIN1 in

the “Points” table are edited/changed to their
actual/true WGS84 coordinates
 Set baseline directions properly
• Ensure that the directions of baselines are set correctly as follows:
– AGS29 pointing to:
• UPSTAJ1
• AS57
• UPBIN1
– UPBIN1 pointing to:
• UPSTAJ1
• AS57
– AS57 pointing to:
• UPSTAJ1
• If the directions are not as indicated as above
– go to the “Baselines” tab
– click on the baseline whose direction needs to be set
– right-click on the baseline, then select “Invert”
– Repeat the same steps to set the directions correctly
 Perform Multiple Baseline Processing
(1)
• First, ensure that the
baseline processing
options are set as
shown (15 degrees
elevation mask, 30
second interval,
minimum epoch of 10
s, GPS only)
• Once set, click “Apply
to” → “All”

• IMPORTANT: Ensure
that “All” is selected
before clicking “Apply
to”
 Perform Multiple Baseline Processing
(2)
• In the “Navigation Field”, select “Baselines”
to show the Baselines tables in the main
window

• Click Baseline → Process Project

– This means that all baselines in the project will
be processed
• This saves the need for manually selecting all
baselines
• All baselines should now be processed.
 Perform Multiple Baseline Processing
(3)
• Based on the multiple baseline processing result,

– Question 45. Create a table of the baseline processing

results showing the values of the following for each
baseline: Ratio, RMS, DX, DY, DZ, Std, Length, Projection
Length, Height Difference, Relative Error (ppm) (60 pts)

– Question 46. Compare the result of the baseline

processing with that of using only 1 control station.
Discuss the differences in terms of relative error. Which
result has lesser relative error, the one with only one
control station or the one with two control stations?
(10 pts)
 Adjustment of Network with Multiple Baselines with
Two Control Stations (1)
• Now, we are ready to perform
network adjustment
• First, ensure that we set the
network adjustment settings
correctly
– In the main menu, click Adjust →
Adjust Option
– Set the parameters as shown.
– For the “Weighted Strategies”, leave
the values as they are
– Click OK once finished
• Also, ensure that we set the
adjustment report to a HMTL file
– Click Adjust → Adjust Report Options
– Select “HTML file” under Report
Format
– Click Ok
 Adjustment of Network with Multiple Baselines with
Two Control Stations (1)
• Perform network adjustment
– Click Adjust → Adjust
• The Network Adjust widget will
appear
• Select 3D Biased
– Select WGS84 Datum
• Ensure that “Constraint 3D NetAdjust
In WGS84” is selected
– Now, click “Auto Adjust”
– Then, click “Process”
– Once done, click “Get Report”
• The Report will presented in a text
file
• You must save this file as webpage
complete
(YourLastName_NetworkAdjust_Sessi
on1_AGS29-UPSTAJ1-AS57-
UPBIN1.html)
– For any GNSS post processing, all
kinds of reports are always saved
(especially data quality checking,
baseline processing and network
adjustment reports)
 Adjustment of Network with Multiple Baselines (3)
• In the Network Adjustment report, look for the adjusted values and standard
deviations of Cartesian, WGS84, and Target coordinates of the control points

• Question 47. Create a table of the adjusted values and standard deviations
of Cartesian coordinates of the control points (24 pts)

• Question 48. Create a table of the adjusted values and standard deviations
of WGS84 coordinates of the control points (24 pts)

• Question 49. Create a table of the adjusted values and standard deviations
of Target NEZ coordinates of the control points. (24 pts)

• Question 50. Are the adjusted values of WGS84 coordinates of UPSTAJ1

and AS57 different from the coordinates derived from the adjustment
using only one control station? Quantify your answer by showing the
values of the adjustment results using only 1 control station versus two
control stations. Highlight the differences in terms of standard deviations.
(10 pts)
MULTIPLE BASELINES PROCESSING AND
NETWORK ADJUSTMENT WITH TWO
CONTROL/BASE STATIONS FOR SESSION
2 DATASETS
• Repeat the steps employed in “Multiple
Baseline Processing and Network Adjustment
with Two Control/Base Stations”, this time
using the Session 2 datasets
 (for Session 2 network adjustment results)
• In the Network Adjustment report, look for the adjusted values and standard
deviations of Cartesian, WGS84, and Target coordinates of the control points

• Question 51. Create a table of the adjusted values and standard deviations of
Cartesian coordinates of the control points

• Question 52. Create a table of the adjusted values and standard deviations of
WGS84 coordinates of the control points

• Question 53. Create a table of the adjusted values and standard deviations of Target
NEZ coordinates of the control points.

• Question 54. Are the adjusted values of WGS84 coordinates of UPSTAJ1 and AS57
for Session 2 different from the coordinates derived from the adjustment for
Session 1? Quantify your answer by showing the values of the adjustment results
using only 1 control station versus two control stations. Highlight the differences in
terms of standard deviations.

• Question 55. Based on the network adjustment results with two base/control
station for Session 1 and Session 2, which result will you consider as the final
coordinates of UPSTAJ1 and AS57? Why? Support your answer and explanations
with numerical values (e.g., standard deviations)
 To Do
• All answers to the questions must be manually written in
long bond papers only
• In the upper portion of the front page, write “GE 109
Laboratory Exercise on Static GNSS Data Post-Processing”
• All answers must be in complete sentence/s. Providing
only words or phrases as answers will not be considered.

• For questions that require values of geodetic coordinates

(e.g., latitude, longitude), the values should be written in
the format dd0mm’ss.sssss”
– Correct answers not in this format will NOT CONSIDERED.

• Submit your answers in LMS or before January 27, 2023

 Final Remarks
• Each student is reminded about academic
dishonesty and plagiarism.
• While group discussion is encouraged to fully
understand and facilitate the conduct of this
exercise, each student must perform this exercise
on their own.
• COPYING OF OUTPUTS AND LETTING OTHERS
COPY YOUR OUTPUTS HAVE CORRESPONDING
CONSEQUENCES, THE MINIMUM OF WHICH IS A
GRADE OF 5.0