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Unit 4 2 Lesson 2 Development of Atomic Theory

The document outlines the historical development of atomic theory, starting with Democritus's concept of 'atomos' as the smallest particle of matter. It progresses through John Dalton's atomic theory, J.J. Thomson's discovery of the electron and 'Plum Pudding' model, and Ernest Rutherford's identification of the nucleus, leading to the Bohr model which describes electrons orbiting the nucleus in defined paths. Each scientist contributed to the understanding of atomic structure, culminating in the modern view of atoms.

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32 views14 pages

Unit 4 2 Lesson 2 Development of Atomic Theory

The document outlines the historical development of atomic theory, starting with Democritus's concept of 'atomos' as the smallest particle of matter. It progresses through John Dalton's atomic theory, J.J. Thomson's discovery of the electron and 'Plum Pudding' model, and Ernest Rutherford's identification of the nucleus, leading to the Bohr model which describes electrons orbiting the nucleus in defined paths. Each scientist contributed to the understanding of atomic structure, culminating in the modern view of atoms.

Uploaded by

ika mulyani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Development of Atomic Theory

Democritus 460 BC

► Greek Philosopher
► Suggested world was made of
two things – empty space and
“atomos”
▪ Atomos – Greek word for
uncuttable
► 2 Main ideas
▪ Atoms are the smallest possible
particle of matter
▪ There are different types of
atoms for each material
2
John Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1804
1. All matter is made of atoms.
2. Atoms of one element are all
the same.
3. Atoms cannot be broken down
into smaller parts
4. Compounds form by
combining atoms
Dalton’s Early Atomic Model
► “Billiard Ball” model
► he envisioned atoms as solid, hard spheres,
like billiard(pool) balls, so he used
wooden balls to model them
J.J. Thomson

1897 https://phet.colorado.ed
u/sims/html/rutherford-s
Discovered the electron cattering/latest/rutherfor
d-scattering_en.html

He was the first scientist to show


the atom was made of even smaller
things
Cathode Ray Experiment

When a cathode ray travelled through this field, it


was deflected towards the positive plate.
Thomson’s “Plum Pudding” Atom Model
Ernest Rutherford - 1913

• discovered the
nucleus of a
gold atom with
his “gold foil”
experiment

https://phet.colorado.edu/
sims/html/rutherford-scatt
ering/latest/rutherford-scat
tering_en.html
Rutherford’s Conclusion
► The atom is mostly
empty space.
► There is a small,
dense center with a
positive charge.
► Rutherford
discovered the
nucleus in atoms
Rutherford’s Atomic Model
Bohr Atomic Model
The Bohr model of
the atom depicts an
atom as a nucleus
surrounded by
electrons in circular
orbits. The model is
also known as the
planetary model.
Bohr Postulate
● In an atom, electrons (negatively charged) revolve
around the positively charged nucleus in a definite
circular path called orbits or shells.
● Each orbit or shell has a fixed energy and these
circular orbits are known as orbital shells.
● The energy levels are represented by an integer (n=1,
2, 3…) known as the quantum number.
● The electrons in an atom move from a lower energy
level to a higher energy level
Bohr Atomic Model

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