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Matter

Matter has fundamental properties classified into physical and chemical properties. Physical properties include mass, volume, density, state, color, odor, melting and boiling points, solubility, conductivity, malleability, and ductility, which can be observed without changing the substance. Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to change into a new substance, including reactivity, flammability, toxicity, oxidation state, and pH.

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17 views1 page

Matter

Matter has fundamental properties classified into physical and chemical properties. Physical properties include mass, volume, density, state, color, odor, melting and boiling points, solubility, conductivity, malleability, and ductility, which can be observed without changing the substance. Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to change into a new substance, including reactivity, flammability, toxicity, oxidation state, and pH.

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Peter Kathuvih
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Matter has several fundamental properties that help us understand its behavior and

characteristics. These properties are typically classified into physical and chemical properties:

1. Physical Properties

These can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s identity.

➢ Mass – The amount of matter in an object.


➢ Volume – The space an object occupies.
➢ Density – Mass per unit volume (Density = Mass ÷ Volume).
➢ State – Solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.
➢ Color – The visual appearance of a substance.
➢ Odor – The smell a substance emits.
➢ Melting and Boiling Points – The temperatures at which a substance changes state.
➢ Solubility – Ability to dissolve in another substance, like water.
➢ Conductivity – Ability to conduct heat or electricity.
➢ Malleability – Ability to be hammered or bent into shapes.
➢ Ductility – Ability to be drawn into wires.

2. Chemical Properties
➢ These describe a substance’s ability to change into a new substance.
➢ Reactivity – How a substance interacts with others (e.g., reacts with acids or oxygen).
➢ Flammability – Ability to catch fire and burn.
➢ Toxicity – The degree to which a substance can harm organisms.
➢ Oxidation state – Tendency to gain or lose electrons in reactions.
➢ pH – Acidity or basicity of a substance in solution.

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