Comprehensive Science Reviewer
General Science - Scientific Process and Method
- Accuracy: How close a measured value is to the actual (true) value.
- Precision: How close the measured values are to each other.
- Scientific Method: Steps include Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data Collection, Conclusion, and
Retesting.
Earth Science
1. Earth's Surface: Includes landforms like mountains, valleys, and plains shaped by erosion and weathering.
2. Rocks and Minerals: Three types of rocks (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic); minerals identified by
properties such as hardness, luster, and streak.
3. Fossils: Remains of ancient organisms; used in relative dating and understanding Earth's history.
4. Plate Tectonics: Theory explaining continental drift, earthquakes, and volcanic activity via movement of
lithospheric plates.
5. Air, Weather, and Climate: Atmospheric layers, climate zones, and weather patterns.
6. Water on Earth: Oceans, rivers, lakes, and the water cycle including precipitation, evaporation, and
condensation.
7. Energy Resources: Renewable (solar, wind) and nonrenewable (coal, oil) resources.
Astronomy
1. Origins of the Universe: Big Bang Theory, expansion of space.
2. Stars, Blackholes, Galaxy: Life cycle of stars, galaxy types, and formation of black holes.
3. Solar System: Sun, planets, dwarf planets, moons, and other celestial objects.
Comprehensive Science Reviewer
4. Rotation and Revolution: Earth's spin causes day/night; revolution around the sun causes seasons.
5. Comets and Asteroids: Icy and rocky bodies in space.
6. Phases of the Moon: New, crescent, quarter, gibbous, full.
7. Eclipses: Solar (moon blocks sun), lunar (earth blocks moon).
Biology - Cell Biology
1. Cell Structure: Organelles like nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes.
2. Cellular Respiration: Converts glucose into ATP, aerobic vs anaerobic.
3. Photosynthesis: Occurs in chloroplasts, converts sunlight into glucose.
4. Cell Division: Mitosis (growth), meiosis (reproduction).
Biology - Genetics
1. Mendelian Heredity: Dominant and recessive traits; Punnett squares.
2. DNA: Double helix, carries genetic information.
3. Central Dogma: DNA -> RNA -> Protein.
4. Mutation: Changes in DNA sequence (silent, missense, nonsense).
Biology - Ecology, Viruses, Taxonomy, Human Biology
1. Viruses and Bacteria: Viruses need a host, bacteria are living cells.
2. Ecology: Study of interactions-includes ecosystems, food webs, and biogeochemical cycles.
3. Taxonomy: Classification system (Domain to Species).
4. Human Biology: Organ systems (digestive, circulatory, muscular, etc.), muscle types.
Comprehensive Science Reviewer
Chemistry - Measurement and Matter
1. Units: SI units for mass (kg), length (m), time (s), temperature (K).
2. States of Matter: Solid, liquid, gas, plasma.
3. Mixtures: Homogeneous (solution), heterogeneous.
4. Gas Laws: Boyle's (P1V1 = P2V2), Charles's (V1/T1 = V2/T2).
Chemistry - Atoms, Compounds, and Periodic Table
1. Atomic Structure: Protons (+), neutrons (0), electrons (-).
2. Mole & Avogadro's Number: 6.022×10²³ particles/mol.
3. Compounds: Ionic (metal + nonmetal), covalent (nonmetal + nonmetal).
4. Periodic Table: Trends in electronegativity, atomic size, etc.
Chemistry - Stoichiometry and Organic Chemistry
1. Stoichiometry: Balancing chemical equations, mole conversions.
2. Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes), IUPAC naming rules.
Physics - Motion and Forces
1. One-Dimensional Motion: Displacement, velocity, acceleration; equations of motion.
2. Two-Dimensional Motion: Vectors, projectile motion.
3. Newton's Laws: Inertia, F=ma, action-reaction.
Comprehensive Science Reviewer
4. Forces: Normal, friction, tension.
Physics - Energy, Gravity, Thermodynamics, Optics
1. Energy: Kinetic and potential energy, work and power, impulse.
2. Gravity: Newton's law of gravitation, orbits, Kepler's laws.
3. Thermodynamics: Temperature, ideal gas law, heat transfer.
4. Geometric Optics: Light behavior-reflection, refraction, lenses, and mirrors.
