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Communication Lab Viva QA

The document contains a series of questions and answers related to various communication experiments, including amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and pulse modulation techniques. Each experiment outlines key concepts, definitions, and formulas relevant to the topic. The content serves as a study guide for understanding modulation methods and signal processing in communication systems.

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5 views3 pages

Communication Lab Viva QA

The document contains a series of questions and answers related to various communication experiments, including amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and pulse modulation techniques. Each experiment outlines key concepts, definitions, and formulas relevant to the topic. The content serves as a study guide for understanding modulation methods and signal processing in communication systems.

Uploaded by

vinuscookhub17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Communication Lab Viva Questions &

Answers
Experiment 1: High-Level AM Modulator & Diode Detector
 Q: What is amplitude modulation?
 A: It's changing the amplitude of a carrier wave based on the message signal.
 Q: What component demodulates the AM wave?
 A: Diode detector or envelope detector.
 Q: Formula for modulation index?
 A: m = (Vmax - Vmin) / (Vmax + Vmin)

Experiment 2: FM using VCO and PLL


 Q: What is frequency modulation?
 A: Changing the frequency of the carrier based on the message signal.
 Q: What is the modulation index (FM)?
 A: β = Δf / fm, where Δf is frequency deviation.
 Q: Bandwidth of FM signal?
 A: BW = 2(Δf + fm)

Experiment 3: BJT/FET Mixer


 Q: What does a mixer do?
 A: Produces sum and difference of input signal frequencies.
 Q: Why is transistor used in mixer?
 A: For non-linear operation to multiply signals.

Experiment 4: Pre-Emphasis & De-Emphasis


 Q: Why use pre-emphasis?
 A: To boost high-frequency components to reduce noise.
 Q: What is de-emphasis?
 A: To reduce high-frequency boost at the receiver.

Experiment 5: Balanced/Lattice Modulator


 Q: What does a balanced modulator do?
 A: Removes the carrier, keeps only sidebands (DSB-SC).
 Q: What is DSB-SC?
 A: Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier signal.
Experiment 6: Pulse Sampling & Reconstruction
 Q: What is flat-top sampling?
 A: Samples have flat tops (constant amplitude).
 Q: Why prefer flat-top over natural sampling?
 A: Less noise and easier to reconstruct.

Experiment 7: Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)


 Q: What is PAM?
 A: Varying the amplitude of pulses as per message signal.
 Q: Is PAM analog or digital?
 A: Analog technique.

Experiment 8: Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)


 Q: What is PPM?
 A: Changing the position of pulses with message signal.
 Q: What remains constant in PPM?
 A: Amplitude and width of pulses.

Experiment 9: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)


 Q: What is PWM?
 A: Varying width (ON time) of pulse based on message.
 Q: Where is PWM used?
 A: In power control, motors, and communication.

Experiment 10: PLL Frequency Synthesizer


 Q: What is PLL?
 A: A system that locks the phase of output with input.
 Q: What are the three stages of PLL?
 A: Free running, capture, and locked state.

Experiment 11: Data Formatting & Line Coding


 Q: What is line coding?
 A: Converting binary data to digital signal for transmission.
 Q: Example of line codes?
 A: NRZ-L, NRZ-M, Manchester, RZ-AMI etc.
Experiment 12: Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
 Q: What are the steps in PCM?
 A: Sampling, quantizing, encoding.
 Q: Why is PCM used?
 A: For digitally transmitting analog signals.

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