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Alternating Current Formula Sheet

The document provides formulas and concepts related to alternating current (AC), including instantaneous values, average values, RMS values, and phase differences in circuits containing resistors, inductors, and capacitors. It also covers impedance in series LCR circuits, resonance conditions, energy stored in inductors, and transformer efficiency. Key formulas for reactance, impedance, and power calculations are included for various circuit configurations.

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rajivmakkar86
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91 views4 pages

Alternating Current Formula Sheet

The document provides formulas and concepts related to alternating current (AC), including instantaneous values, average values, RMS values, and phase differences in circuits containing resistors, inductors, and capacitors. It also covers impedance in series LCR circuits, resonance conditions, energy stored in inductors, and transformer efficiency. Key formulas for reactance, impedance, and power calculations are included for various circuit configurations.

Uploaded by

rajivmakkar86
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ALTERNATING CURRENT – ALL FORMULAS

The instantaneous value of alternating voltage

E  Eo sinωt

Instantaneous value of alternating current

I  Io sinωt

Average value of current and voltage

2Io
Iavg   0.637Io  63.7% of Io
π

2Eo
Eavg   0.637Eo  63.7% of Eo
π

RMS value of alternating emf and current

Eo
Erms or Evirtual or Eeffective   0.707Eo  70.7% of Eo
2

Io
Irms or Ivirtual or Ieffective   0.707Io  70.7% of Io
2

AC circuit containing resistor only


Consider a resistor of resistance R connected to an alternating emf source as
shown.

Let the applied emf be E  Eo sinωt .

then I  Io sinωt

Therefore, current and voltage are in same phase.


AC circuit containing inductor only

Consider an inductor of inductance L connected


to an AC source as shown
Let the applied emf be E  Eo sinωt .

  π 
then current is I  Io  sin  θ   
  2 

π
Thus, there is a phase difference of between current and voltage in a purely
2
inductive circuit.

Inductive reactance

XL  ωL  2πνL

Where ω is the angular frequency of the AC


AC circuit containing capacitor only

Consider an inductor of inductance L connected to an AC source as shown


Let the applied emf be E  Eo sinωt .

π
then current is I  Io sin(ωt  )
2

π
Thus current leads the voltage by a phase of
2
in a purely capacitive circuit.

Capacitive reactance

1 1
XC  
ωC 2πνC

Impedance in series LCR circuit

Consider a resistor of resistance R, inductor of inductance L and capacitor of


capacitance C connected in series to an alternating EMF source as shown:
 XL  XC 
2
Z  R2

Phase difference between current and voltage is

 X  XC 
φ  tan1  L 
 R 

series LR circuit
impedance

Z  R 2  XL2

X 
Phase difference between current and voltage tan1  L 
R 

Series CR circuit
Impedance

Z  R 2  XC2

X 
Phase difference between current and voltage tan1  C 
 R 
Resonance condition

Resonance occurs when inductive reactance becomes equal to capacitive reactance

XL  XC

Resonating frequency in series LCR circuit

Resonance occurs when inductive reactance becomes equal to capacitive reactance


1
vr 
2π LC

Impedance in LR circuit
Energy stored in an inductor

1
UB  LIo2
2

Energy density

B2
uB 
2μo

Power in series LCR circuit

Let a voltage E  Eo sinωt be applied to a series LCR circuit and current flowing

through it is Io sin  ωt  φ  , so instantaneous power supplied to the source is

P  ErmsIrms cosφ

For purely inductive or purely capacitive circuit

φ  90o  cosφ  0  P  0

Transformer

Let Np ,NS be the number of turns in primary and secondary coils

EP be the voltage applied across the primary coil and ES be the voltage induced in

the secondary coil

Let IP be the current in the primary coil and IS be the current in the secondary coil

ES NS IP
 
EP NP IS

Poutput ESIS
Efficiency η    100
Pinput EPIP

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