31) How does the principle of Pascal's Law apply to the operation of aircraft
hydraulic brakes?
Pascal's Law states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all
directions. In aircraft hydraulic brake systems, this principle allows a small force
applied at the brake pedal to be transmitted through hydraulic fluid to exert a larger
force at the brake discs. The brake pedal force multiplies through master cylinders and
lines to apply braking pressure evenly and effectively on the wheel brakes.
Chapter 9: Fluid Lines and Fittings
Page number: 9-1
32) Discuss the various types of stresses an aircraft wing experiences during flight
and how its design accommodates these forces.
An aircraft wing experiences bending, torsional, shear, tension, and compression
stresses during flight. These result from aerodynamic lift, the weight of the aircraft,
engine thrust, and maneuvering loads. To handle these forces, wings are designed with
internal structures such as spars, ribs, and stringers made from high-strength,
lightweight materials. The structural layout distributes stress efficiently and allows for
controlled flexing while maintaining safety and airworthiness.
Chapter 5: Basic Physics
Page number: 5-13 to 5-14
33) Why is it critical to use the correct type of sealant or adhesive for specific
applications on an aircraft?
Using the correct sealant or adhesive ensures chemical compatibility, temperature
resistance, and bonding strength required for the specific aircraft material and
application. Incorrect materials can degrade, fail prematurely, or react with components,
leading to system leaks or structural failure.
Chapter 7: Aircraft Materials, Processes, and Hardware
Page number: 7-9
34) Describe how the basic principles of electricity (Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws)
are applied in diagnosing electrical faults on an aircraft.
Ohm's Law (V = IR) helps in calculating expected voltage, current, and resistance in
circuits. Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws allow technicians to trace faults by
analyzing voltage drops and current paths in series and parallel circuits. These
principles help identify shorts, opens, or component failures systematically.
Chapter 12: Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Page number: 12-5
35) How does the concept of friction play a role in the design of landing gear
brakes and other aircraft components?
Friction is critical in converting kinetic energy into heat during braking. Brake pads are
designed to create high friction with the rotating discs. Similarly, friction is considered
in control surface hinges and joints to balance resistance and smooth operation.
Lubrication and material selection are used to control friction levels.
Chapter 8: Cleaning & Corrosion Control
Page number: 8-1
36) Explain the importance of understanding the properties of various non-
metallic materials (e.g., composites, plastics) used in aircraft construction.
Non-metallic materials like composites and plastics offer strength, corrosion resistance,
and weight savings. Technicians must understand their properties for proper handling,
repair, and inspection. Improper treatment can cause delamination, cracking, or failure
in service.
Chapter 7: Aircraft Materials, Processes, and Hardware
Page number: 7-12
37) You're tasked with fabricating a replacement part. What considerations
related to material properties and stress would be paramount in your selection?
The replacement material must match original properties such as tensile strength,
hardness, thermal expansion, corrosion resistance, and fatigue limits. Considerations
also include the type and direction of stress the part will endure to avoid premature
failure.
Chapter 7: Aircraft Materials, Processes, and Hardware
Page number: 7-6
38) Discuss how the principles of simple machines (levers, pulleys, inclined planes)
are incorporated into aircraft systems to reduce force or change direction.
Simple machines like levers (used in control linkages), pulleys (in cable systems), and
inclined planes (like ramps) are used to multiply force, change direction, or reduce
effort in aircraft systems. For example, landing gear retraction mechanisms use third-
class levers and pulleys to distribute load with minimal force.
Chapter 5: Basic Physics
Page number: 5-9
39) Why is it crucial to understand the concept of center of gravity in relation to
aircraft stability and loading?
The center of gravity (CG) determines aircraft stability and control. If the CG is too far
forward or aft, it can compromise pitch control or cause stalls. Correct CG placement
ensures balance and safe flight characteristics under various loading conditions.
Chapter 6: Aircraft Weight & Balance
Page number: 6-1
40) Describe how aerodynamic principles influence the design of aircraft control
surfaces and their impact on flight.
Control surfaces like ailerons, rudders, and elevators are shaped and positioned based
on aerodynamic principles to manage airflow and generate moments for roll, yaw, and
pitch. Their effectiveness depends on surface area, deflection, and airflow, directly
impacting aircraft maneuverability and stability.
Chapter 5: Basic Physics
Page number: 5-41
41) When would you choose a specific type of wrench (e.g., open-end, box-end,
torque) for a given task, and what are the implications of using the wrong one?
Open-end wrenches are useful for speed and accessibility, box-end wrenches for tight
spaces, and torque wrenches when specific tightness is required. Using the wrong
wrench can damage fasteners or lead to improper torque, risking component failure.
Chapter 11: Aircraft Tools and Measuring Devices
Page number: 11-5
42) You've just performed a delicate adjustment using a precision measuring tool.
How would you ensure the accuracy and reliability of your measurement?
Ensure the tool was properly calibrated and not damaged. Repeat the measurement to
confirm consistency, and use stable support or surface. Clean surfaces and tools before
use to avoid errors due to dirt or misalignment.
Chapter 11: Aircraft Tools and Measuring Devices
Page number: 11-25
43) Why is it important to systematically organize and account for all tools used
during a maintenance task?
Tool control prevents foreign object damage (FOD), ensures accountability, and
promotes efficiency. Misplaced tools can cause mechanical failure if left in aircraft
systems. Organized tool storage also saves time and enhances safety.
Chapter 11: Aircraft Tools and Measuring Devices
Page number: 11-1
44) Describe a scenario where improper use of a hand tool could lead to damage to
an aircraft component or injury to the AMT.
Using an oversized screwdriver on a small screw head can strip it or damage nearby
components. Likewise, using pliers instead of a proper wrench can round off a nut,
cause slippage, and result in hand injury or equipment damage.
Chapter 11: Aircraft Tools and Measuring Devices
Page number: 11-2
45) How does the concept of "calibration" apply to the accuracy and reliability of
measuring instruments in aviation maintenance?
Calibration ensures tools like torque wrenches and micrometers provide accurate
measurements. Regular calibration against known standards detects drift and maintains
reliability. This is critical in aviation where precision affects safety.
Chapter 11: Aircraft Tools and Measuring Devices
Page number: 11-6
