Mathematics

(Chapter – 5) (Arithmetic Progressions)

(Class – X)

Exercise 5.1 Cost of digging for first 4 metres = 250 + 50 = 300

Clearly, 150, 200, 250, 300 … forms an A.P. because every term is 50
Question 1: more than the preceding term.
In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved (iv). We know that if Rs P is deposited at r% compound interest per
𝑛
make as arithmetic progression and why? annum for n years, our money will be 𝑃 (1 +
𝑟
) after n years.
100
(i). The taxi fare after each km when the fare is Rs 15 for the first km Therefore, after every year, our money will be
and Rs 8 for each additional km.
(ii). The amount of air present in a cylinder when a vacuum pump
removes ¼ of the air remaining in the cylinder at a time.
Clearly, adjacent terms of this series do not have the same difference
(iii). The cost of digging a well after every metre of digging, when it costs between them. Therefore, this is not an A.P.
Rs 150 for the first metre and rises by Rs 50 for each subsequent metre.
(iv). The amount of money in the account every year, when Rs 10000 is
deposited at compound interest at 8% per annum.
Question 2:
Write first four terms of the A.P. when the first term a and the common
Answer 1: difference d are given as follows
(i). It can be observed that
Taxi fare for 1st km = 15 (i) a = 10, d = 10
Taxi fare for first 2 km = 15 + 8 = 23
Taxi fare for first 3 km = 23 + 8 = 31 (ii) a = − 2, d = 0
Taxi fare for first 4 km = 31 + 8 = 39 (iii)a = 4, d = − 3
Clearly 15, 23, 31, 39 … forms an A.P. because every term is 8 more
(iv) a = − 1 d = ½
than the preceding term.
(v) a = − 1.25, d = − 0.25
(ii). Let the initial volume of air in a cylinder be V lit. In each stroke,
the vacuum pump removes ¼ of air remaining in the cylinder at a time.
1 3
In other words, after every stroke, only 1 − 4 = 4 𝑡ℎ part of air will remain. Answer 2:
3𝑉 3𝑉 2 3𝑉 3
Therefore, volumes will be 𝑉, ( 4 ) , ( 4 ) , ( 4 ) … (i) a = 10, d = 10
Clearly, it can be observed that the adjacent terms of this series do not
Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 …
have the same difference between them. Therefore, this is not an A.P.
a1 = a = 10
(iii). Cost of digging for first metre = 150 a2 = a1 + d = 10 + 10 = 20
Cost of digging for first 2 metres = 150 + 50 = 200 a3 = a2 + d = 20 + 10 = 30
Cost of digging for first 3 metres = 200 + 50 = 250 a4 = a3 + d = 30 + 10 = 40
a5 = a4 + d = 40 + 10 = 50

1 2
Therefore, the series will be 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 … Clearly, the series will be
First four terms of this A.P. will be 10, 20, 30, and 40.
………….
(ii) a = −2, d = 0 First four terms of this A.P. will be .
Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …
a1 = a = −2 (v) a = −1.25, d = −0.25
a2 = a1 + d = − 2 + 0 = −2
a3 = a2 + d = − 2 + 0 = −2 Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …
a4 = a3 + d = − 2 + 0 = −2 a1 = a = −1.25
a2 = a1 + d = − 1.25 − 0.25 = −1.50
Therefore, the series will be −2, −2, −2, −2 …
a3 = a2 + d = − 1.50 − 0.25 = −1.75
First four terms of this A.P. will be −2, −2, −2 and −2.
a4 = a3 + d = − 1.75 − 0.25 = −2.00
Clearly, the series will be 1.25, −1.50, −1.75, −2.00 ……..
(iii) a = 4, d = −3 First four terms of this A.P. will be −1.25, −1.50, −1.75 and −2.00.
Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …
a1 = a = 4
a2 = a1 + d = 4 − 3 = 1
a3 = a2 + d = 1 − 3 = −2 Question 3:
a4 = a3 + d = − 2 − 3 = −5 For the following A.P.s, write the first term and the common difference.
Therefore, the series will be 4, 1, −2 −5 … (i) 3, 1, − 1, − 3 …
First four terms of this A.P. will be 4, 1, −2 and −5.
(ii) − 5, − 1, 3, 7 …
1 5 9 13
(iii) , , , ,…
(iv) a = −1, d = ½ 3 3 3 3

(iv)0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9 …

Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …

Answer 3:
(i) 3, 1, −1, −3 …
Here, first term, a = 3
Common difference, d = Second term − First term
= 1 − 3 = −2

3 4
 Mathematics
(Chapter – 5) (Arithmetic Progressions)
(Class – X)

(ii) −5, −1, 3, 7 … Exercise 5.2

Here, first term, a = −5 Question 1:
Common difference, d = Second term − First term
= (−1) − (−5) = − 1 + 5 = 4 Fill in the blanks in the following table, given that a is the first term, d
the common difference and an the nth term of the A.P.
1 5 9 13 a d n an
(iii) 3 , 3 , 3 , ,…
3

Here, first term, a = 1/3 I 7 3 8 …...

Common difference, d = Second term − First term
II − 18 ….. 10 0

III ….. −3 18 −5
(iv) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9 …
IV − 18.9 2.5 ….. 3.6
Here, first term, a = 0.6
Common difference, d = Second term − First term
= 1.7 − 0.6 = 1.1 V 3.5 0 105 …..

Answer 1:
I. a = 7, d = 3, n = 8, an = ?
We know that,
For an A.P. an = a + (n − 1) d
= 7 + (8 − 1) 3
= 7 + (7) 3
= 7 + 21 = 28
Hence, an = 28
II. Given that a = −18, n = 10, an = 0, d = ?
We know that,
an = a + (n − 1) d
0 = − 18 + (10 − 1) d
18 = 9d

5 1
 Question 2:
Hence, common difference, d = 2 Choose the correct choice in the following and justify
(i). 30th term of the A.P: 10, 7, 4, …, is
III. Given that d = −3, n = 18, an = −5
(A). 97 (B). 77 (C). − 77 (D). − 87
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d

−5 = a + (18 − 1) (−3) (ii). 11th term of the A.P. is

−5 = a + (17) (−3)
−5 = a − 51 (A). 28 (B). 22 (C). − 38 (D).
a = 51 − 5 = 46
Hence, a = 46 Answer 2:
(i) Given that
IV. a = −18.9, d = 2.5, an = 3.6, n = ?
A.P. 10, 7, 4, …
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
3.6 = − 18.9 + (n − 1) 2.5 First term, a = 10
3.6 + 18.9 = (n − 1) 2.5
22.5 = (n − 1) 2.5 Common difference, d = a2 − a1 = 7 − 10 = −3
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d

a30 = 10 + (30 − 1) (−3)

a30 = 10 + (29) (−3)
Hence, n = 10 a30 = 10 − 87 = −77

Hence, the correct answer is C.

V. a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 105, an = ?
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
an = 3.5 + (105 − 1) 0 (ii) Given that, A.P.
an = 3.5 + 104 × 0
an = 3.5 First term a = −3
Hence, an = 3.5 Common difference, d = a2 − a1

2 3
 We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
a3 = 2 + (3 − 1) d
26 = 2 + 2d
24 = 2d d = 12
We know that,
a2 = 2 + (2 − 1) 12
= 14
Therefore, 14 is the missing term.

(ii)
For this A.P., a2 = 13 and a4 = 3

Hence, the answer is B. We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d

a2 = a + (2 − 1) d
13 = a + d …………………………(I)
Question 3: a4 = a + (4 − 1) d
In the following APs find the missing term in the boxes 3 = a + 3d ………………………..(II)
On subtracting (I) from (II), we obtain −10 = 2d
(i)
d = −5
(ii)
From equation (I), we obtain
13 = a + (−5)
(iii)
a = 18
(iv) a3 = 18 + (3 − 1) (−5)
= 18 + 2 (−5) = 18 − 10 = 8
(v) Therefore, the missing terms are 18 and 8 respectively.

(iii)
Answer 3:
(i) For this A.P.,
For this A.P., a = 2 and a3 = 26

4 5
 (v)
For this A.P., a2 = 38 and a6 = −22
We know that an = a + (n − 1) d
We know that, a2 = a + (2 − 1) d
38 = a + d ………………………(1)
a6 = a + (6 − 1) d
−22 = a + 5d …………………….(2)
On subtracting equation (1) from (2), we obtain
− 22 − 38 = 4d
−60 = 4d
d = −15
a = a2 − d = 38 − (−15) = 53
a3 = a + 2d = 53 + 2 (−15) = 23
a4 = a + 3d = 53 + 3 (−15) = 8
a5 = a + 4d = 53 + 4 (−15) = −7
Therefore, the missing terms are 53, 23, 8, and −7 respectively.

Therefore, the missing terms are 13/2 and 8 respectively.

Question 4:
Which term of the A.P. 3, 8, 13, 18, … is 78?
(iv)
For this A.P., a = −4 and a6 = 6 Answer 4:
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
a6 = a + (6 − 1) d 3, 8, 13, 18, … For this A.P., a = 3 and d = a2 − a1 = 8 − 3 = 5
6 = − 4 + 5d Let nth term of this A.P. be 78.
10 = 5d an = a + (n − 1) d
d=2 78 = 3 + (n − 1) 5
75 = (n − 1) 5
a2 = a + d = − 4 + 2 = −2 (n − 1) = 15
a3 = a + 2d = − 4 + 2 (2) = 0 n = 16
a4 = a + 3d = − 4 + 3 (2) = 2
a5 = a + 4d = − 4 + 4 (2) = 4 Hence, 16th term of this A.P. is 78.
Therefore, the missing terms are −2, 0, 2, and 4 respectively.

6 7
Question 5: Question 6:
Find the number of terms in each of the following A.P. Check whether − 150 is a term of the A.P. 11, 8, 5, 2, …
1
(i). 7, 13, 19, …, 205 (ii). 18, 15 2 , 13, … , −47 Answer 6:
Answer 5: For this A.P., a = 11 and d = a2 − a1 = 8 − 11 = −3
Let −150 be the nth term of this A.P.
(i). 7, 13, 19, …, 205 We know that,
For this A.P., a = 7 and d = a2 − a1 = 13 − 7 = 6
Let there are n terms in this A.P. an = 205
We know that an = a + (n − 1) d
Therefore, 205 = 7 + (n − 1) 6
198 = (n − 1) 6
33 = (n − 1)
n = 34
Therefore, this given series has 34 terms in it.
1
(ii). 18, 15 2 , 13, … , −47 Clearly, n is not an integer.
Therefore, −150 is not a term of this A.P.
For this A.P.,

Question 7:
Find the 31st term of an A.P. whose 11th term is 38 and the 16th term is
73.

Let there are n terms in this A.P. Answer 7:

Therefore, an = −47 and we know that,
Given that, a11 = 38 and a16 = 73
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
a11 = a + (11 − 1) d
38 = a + 10d ………………………..(1)

Similarly, a16 = a + (16 − 1) d

73 = a + 15d ………………………….(2)
On subtracting (1) from (2), we obtain
35 = 5d
d=7
Therefore, this given A.P. has 27 terms in it. From equation (1),
38 = a + 10 × (7)

8 9
38 − 70 = a Question 9:
a = −32 If the 3rd and the 9th terms of an A.P. are 4 and − 8 respectively. Which
term of this A.P. is zero?
a31 = a + (31 − 1) d
= − 32 + 30 (7)
= − 32 + 210 Answer 9:
= 178
Given that, a3 = 4 and a9 = −8
Hence, 31st term is 178. We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
a3 = a + (3 − 1) d
4 = a + 2d ……………………(I)
a9 = a + (9 − 1) d
Question 8: −8 = a + 8d …………………(II)
An A.P. consists of 50 terms of which 3rd term is 12 and the last term is On subtracting equation (I) from (II), we obtain
106. Find the 29th term −12 = 6d
d = −2
Answer 8:
From equation (I), we obtain
Given that, a3 = 12 and a50 = 106 4 = a + 2 (−2)
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d 4=a−4
a3 = a + (3 − 1) d a=8
12 = a + 2d …………………………..(I)
Let nth term of this A.P. be zero.
Similarly, a50 = a + (50 − 1) d an = a + (n − 1) d
106 = a + 49d ………………………(II) 0 = 8 + (n − 1) (−2)
0 = 8 − 2n + 2
On subtracting (I) from (II), we obtain
2n = 10
94 = 47d
d=2 n=5
From equation (I), we obtain Hence, 5th term of this A.P. is 0.
12 = a + 2 (2)
a = 12 − 4 = 8
a29 = a + (29 − 1) d Question 10:
a29 = 8 + (28)2 If 17th term of an A.P. exceeds its 10th term by 7. Find the common
a29 = 8 + 56 = 64 difference.
Therefore, 29th term is 64.
Answer 10:
We know that,

10 11
For an A.P., an = a + (n − 1) d
a17 = a + (17 − 1) d
a17 = a + 16d
Similarly, a10 = a + 9d
It is given that a17 − a10 = 7
(a + 16d) − (a + 9d) = 7
7d = 7 Question 12:
d=1 Two APs have the same common difference. The difference between their
100th term is 100, what is the difference between their 1000th terms?
Therefore, the common difference is 1.

Answer 12:
Let the first term of these A.P.s be a1 and a2 respectively and the common
difference of these A.P.s be d.
Question 11: For first A.P.,
Which term of the A.P. 3, 15, 27, 39, … will be 132 more than its 54th a100 = a1 + (100 − 1) d
term? = a1 + 99d

Answer 11: a1000 = a1 + (1000 − 1) d

Given A.P. is 3, 15, 27, 39, … a1000 = a1 + 999d
a = 3 d = a2 − a1 = 15 − 3 = 12
a54 = a + (54 − 1) d For second A.P.,
= 3 + (53) (12) a100 = a2 + (100 − 1) d
= 3 + 636 = 639 = a2 + 99d
Now a54 +132 = 639 + 132 = 771
a1000 = a2 + (1000 − 1) d
We have to find the term of this A.P. which is 771. = a2 + 999d
Let nth term be 771. Given that, difference between
an = a + (n − 1) d
100th term of these A.P.s = 100 Therefore,
771 = 3 + (n − 1) 12
(a1 + 99d) − (a2 + 99d) = 100 a1 − a2 = 100 ……………………(1)
768 = (n − 1) 12
(n − 1) = 64 Difference between 1000th terms of these A.P.s
n = 65
(a1 + 999d) − (a2 + 999d) = a1 − a2
Therefore, 65th term was 132 more than 54th term. From equation (1),
This difference, a1 − a2 = 100
Alternatively,
Let nth term be 132 more than 54th term. Hence, the difference between 1000th terms of these A.P. will be 100.

12 13
Question 13: All these are divisible by 4 and thus, all these are terms of an A.P. with
How many three digit numbers are divisible by 7? first term as 12 and common difference as 4.
When we divide 250 by 4, the remainder will be 2.
Answer 13: Therefore, 250 − 2 = 248 is divisible by 4.
First three-digit number that is divisible by 7 = 105
Next number = 105 + 7 = 112 The series is as follows.
Therefore, 105, 112, 119, … 12, 16, 20, 24, …, 248
All are three digit numbers which are divisible by 7 and thus, all these
are terms of an A.P. having first term as 105 and common difference as Let 248 be the nth term of this A.P.
7.
The maximum possible three-digit number is 999. When we divide it by
7, the remainder will be 5. Clearly, 999 − 5 = 994 is the maximum
possible three-digit number that is divisible by 7.

The series is as follows.

105, 112, 119, …, 994
Let 994 be the nth term of this A.P.
a = 105, d = 7 and an = 994. n = ?
an = a + (n − 1) d
994 = 105 + (n − 1) 7 Therefore, there are 60 multiples of 4 between 10 and 250.
889 = (n − 1) 7
(n − 1) = 127
n = 128 Question 15:
For what value of n, are the nth terms of two APs 63, 65, 67, and 3, 10,
Therefore, 128 three-digit numbers are divisible by 7.
17, … equal

Answer 15:

Question 14: For AP: 63, 65, 67, …

How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250? a = 63 and d = a2 − a1 = 65 − 63 = 2
nth term of this A.P. = an = a + (n − 1) d
Answer 14: an= 63 + (n − 1) 2 = 63 + 2n − 2
First multiple of 4 that is greater than 10 is 12. Next will be 16. an = 61 + 2n ……………(1)

Therefore, 12, 16, 20, 24, … For AP:3, 10, 17, …

14 15
a = 3 and d = a2 − a1 = 10 − 3 = 7 Question 17:
nth term of this A.P. = 3 + (n − 1) 7 Find the 20th term from the last term of the A.P. 3, 8, 13, …, 253
an = 3 + 7n − 7
an = 7n − 4 …………………………………(2) Answer 17:
Given A.P. is 3, 8, 13, …, 253
It is given that, n term of these A.P.s are equal to each other.
th
Common difference for this A.P. is 5.
Equating both these equations, we obtain
Therefore, this A.P. can be written in reverse order as
61 + 2n = 7n − 4
253, 248, 243, …, 13, 8, 5
61 + 4 = 5n
5n = 65 For this A.P.,
n = 13 a = 253
d = 248 − 253 = −5
Therefore, 13th terms of both these A.P.s are equal to each other.
n = 20
a20 = a + (20 − 1) d
a20 = 253 + (19) (−5)
Question 16: a20 = 253 − 95 a = 158
Determine the A.P. whose third term is 16 and the 7th term exceeds the
5th term by 12. Therefore, 20th term from the last term is 158.

Answer 16:
a3 = 16
a + (3 – 1) d = 16 Question 18:
a + 2d = 16 ………………………….(1) The sum of 4th and 8th terms of an A.P. is 24 and the sum of the 6th and
10th terms is 44. Find the first three terms of the A.P.
a7 − a5 = 12
[a+ (7 − 1) d] − [a + (5 − 1) d]= 12 Answer 18:
(a + 6d) − (a + 4d) = 12 We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
2d = 12
a4 = a + (4 − 1) d
d=6
a4 = a + 3d
From equation (1), we obtain
Similarly,
a + 2 (6) = 16 a8 = a + 7d
a + 12 = 16 a6 = a + 5d
a=4 a10 = a + 9d
Therefore, A.P. will be 4, 10, 16, 22, … Given that, a4 + a8 = 24
a + 3d + a + 7d = 24
2a + 10d = 24

16 17
a + 5d = 12 …………………………….(1) 5000, 5200, 5400, …
Here, a = 5000 and d = 200
a6 + a10 = 44
a + 5d + a + 9d = 44 Let after nth year, his salary be Rs 7000.
2a + 14d = 44 Therefore, an = a + (n − 1) d
a + 7d = 22 …………………………….(2) 7000 = 5000 + (n − 1) 200
200(n − 1) = 2000
On subtracting equation (1) from (2), we obtain
(n − 1) = 10
2d = 22 − 12 n = 11
2d = 10
Therefore, in 11th year, his salary will be Rs 7000.
d=5
From equation (1), we obtain
a + 5d = 12
Question 20:
a + 5 (5) = 12
Ramkali saved 𝑅𝑠 5 in the first week of a year and then increased her
a + 25 = 12
weekly saving by Rs 1.75. If in the nth week, her week, her weekly savings
a = −13
become Rs 20.75, find n.
a2 = a + d = − 13 + 5 = −8
a3 = a2 + d = − 8 + 5 = −3
Answer 20:
Therefore, the first three terms of this A.P. are −13, −8, and −3. Given that, a = 5, d = 1.75 and an = 20.75. n = ?
an = a + (n − 1) d

Question 19:
Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual salary of Rs 5000 and
received an increment of Rs 200 each year. In which year did his income
reach Rs 7000?
n−1=9
n = 10
Answer 19:
It can be observed that the incomes that Subba Rao obtained in various Hence, n is 10.
years are in A.P. as every year, his salary is increased by Rs 200.

Therefore, the salaries of each year after 1995 are

18 19
 Mathematics
(Chapter – 5) (Arithmetic Progressions)
(Class – X)

Exercise 5.3

Question 1:
Find the sum of the following APs.
(i) 2, 7, 12 ,…., to 10 terms.
(ii) − 37, − 33, − 29 ,…, to 12 terms
(iii) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8 ,…….., to 100 terms
1 1 1
(iv) 15 , 12 , 10,………, to 11 terms (iii) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8 ,…, to 100 terms
For this A.P., a = 0.6, d = a2 − a1 = 1.7 − 0.6 = 1.1 and n = 100
We know that,
Answer 1:
(i) 2, 7, 12 ,…, to 10 terms
For this A.P., a = 2, d = a2 − a1 = 7 − 2 = 5 and n = 10
We know that,

1 1 1
(iv) ,
15 12 10
, ,………, to 11 terms

For this A.P.,

(ii) −37, −33, −29 ,…, to 12 terms

n = 11
For this A.P., a = −37, d = a2 − a1 = (−33) − (−37) = − 33 + 37 = 4
n = 12
We know that,

1 2
We know that,

22 = n − 1
n = 23
We know that,

Question 2:
Find the sums given below
1
(i) 7 + 10 2 + 14 + ………… + 84
(ii)34 + 32 + 30 + ……….. + 10
(ii) 34 + 32 + 30 + ……….. + 10
For this A.P., a = 34, d = a2 − a1 = 32 − 34 = −2 and l = 10
(iii) − 5 + (− 8) + (− 11) + ………… + (− 230)
Let 10 be the nth term of this A.P. l = a + (n − 1) d
10 = 34 + (n − 1) (−2)
Answer 2: −24 = (n − 1) (−2)
1 12 = n − 1
(i) 7 + 10 + 14 + …………+ 84
2 n = 13
For this A.P.,
a = 7 and l = 84

Let 84 be the nth term of this A.P.

l = a + (n − 1)d

3 4
(iii)(−5) + (−8) + (−11) + ………… + (−230) Answer 3:
For this A.P., (i) Given that, a = 5, d = 3, an = 50
a = −5, l = −230 and d = a2 − a1 = (−8) − (−5) = − 8 + 5 = −3
As an = a + (n − 1)d,
Let −230 be the nth term of this A.P.
∴ 50 = 5 + (n − 1)3
l = a + (n − 1)d 45 = (n − 1)3
−230 = − 5 + (n − 1) (−3) 15 = n − 1 n = 16
−225 = (n − 1) (−3)
(n − 1) = 75
n = 76

And,

(ii) Given that, a = 7, a13 = 35

As an = a + (n − 1) d,
∴ a13 = a + (13 − 1) d
35 = 7 + 12 d
Question 3: 35 − 7 = 12d
In an AP 28 = 12d
(i) Given a = 5, d = 3, an = 50, find n and Sn.
(ii) Given a = 7, a13 = 35, find d and S13.
(iii) Given a12 = 37, d = 3, find a and S12.
(iv) Given a3 = 15, S10 = 125, find d and a10.
(v) Given d = 5, S9 = 75, find a and a9.
(vi) Given a = 2, d = 8, Sn = 90, find n and an.
(vii) Given a = 8, an = 62, Sn = 210, find n and d.
(viii) Given an = 4, d = 2, Sn = − 14, find n and a.
(ix) Given a = 3, n = 8, S = 192, find d.
(x)Given l = 28, S = 144 and there are total 9 terms. Find a. (iii)Given that, a12 = 37, d = 3

5 6
As an = a + (n − 1)d, a10 = a + (10 − 1)d
a12 = a + (12 − 1)3 a10 = 17 + (9) (−1)
37 = a + 33 a10 = 17 − 9 = 8
a=4

(v)Given that, d = 5, S9 = 75

As

(iv) Given that, a3 = 15, S10 = 125

25 = 3(a + 20)
As an = a + (n − 1)d, 25 = 3a + 60
a3 = a + (3 − 1)d 3a = 25 − 60
15 = a + 2d ……………………….(i)

an = a + (n − 1)d
a9 = a + (9 − 1) (5)

On multiplying equation (i) by 2, we obtain

30 = 2a + 4d …………………..(iii)
On subtracting equation (iii) from (ii), we obtain
−5 = 5d (vi) Given that, a = 2, d = 8, Sn = 90
d = −1
As
From equation (i),
15 = a + 2(−1)
15 = a − 2
a = 17 90 = n [2 + (n − 1)4]
90 = n [2 + 4n − 4]

7 8
90 = n (4n − 2) = 4n2 − 2n an = a + (n − 1)d
4n2 − 2n − 90 = 0 4 = a + (n − 1)2
4n2 − 20n + 18n − 90 = 0 4 = a + 2n − 2
4n (n − 5) + 18 (n − 5) = 0 a + 2n = 6
(n − 5) (4n + 18) = 0 a = 6 − 2n …………………………….(i)
Either n − 5 = 0 or 4n + 18 = 0

n = 5 or
−28 = n (a + 4)
−28 = n (6 − 2n + 4) {From equation (i)}
However, n can neither be negative nor fractional. −28 = n (− 2n + 10)
Therefore, n = 5 −28 = − 2n2 + 10n
an = a + (n − 1)d 2n2 − 10n − 28 = 0
a5 = 2 + (5 − 1)8 n2 − 5n −14 = 0
= 2 + (4) (8) n2 − 7n + 2n − 14 = 0
= 2 + 32 = 34 n (n − 7) + 2(n − 7) = 0
(n − 7) (n + 2) = 0

(vii) Given that, a = 8, an = 62, Sn = 210 Either n − 7 = 0 or n + 2 = 0

n = 7 or n = −2
However, n can neither be negative nor fractional.
Therefore, n = 7
From equation (i), we obtain
a = 6 − 2n
a = 6 − 2(7)
= 6 − 14
n=6
= −8
an = a + (n − 1)d
62 = 8 + (6 − 1)d
62 − 8 = 5d
(ix)Given that, a = 3, n = 8, S = 192
54 = 5d

(viii) Given that, an = 4, d = 2, Sn = −14

9 10
192 = 4 [6 + 7d]
48 = 6 + 7d 4n2 + 5n − 636 = 0
42 = 7d 4n2 + 53n − 48n − 636 = 0
d=6 n (4n + 53) − 12 (4n + 53) = 0
(4n + 53) (n − 12) = 0
(x)Given that, l = 28, S = 144 and there are total of 9 terms.
Either 4n + 53 = 0 or n − 12 = 0
−53
𝑛= 4
or n = 12
−53
n cannot be . As the number of terms can neither be negative nor
4
fractional, therefore, n = 12 only.
(16) × (2) = a + 28
32 = a + 28
a=4
Question 5:
The first term of an AP is 5, the last term is 45 and the sum is 400. Find
the number of terms and the common difference.

Answer 5:
Question 4: Given that, a = 5, l = 45 and Sn = 400
How many terms of the AP. 9, 17, 25 … must be taken to give a sum of
636?

Answer 4:
Let there be n terms of this A.P.
For this A.P.,
n = 16 l = a + (n
a = 9 and d = a2 − a1 = 17 − 9 = 8
− 1) d
45 = 5 + (16 − 1) d
40 = 15d

636 = n [9 + 4n − 4]
636 = n (4n + 5)

11 12
Question 6:
The first and the last term of an AP are 17 and 350 respectively. If the
common difference is 9, how many terms are there and what is their
sum?

Answer 6:
Given that, a = 17, l = 350 and d = 9
Let there be n terms in the A.P.
l = a + (n − 1) d
350 = 17 + (n − 1)9 Question 8:
333 = (n − 1)9 Find the sum of first 51 terms of an AP whose second and third terms are
(n − 1) = 37 14 and 18 respectively.
n = 38
Answer 8:
Given that, a2 = 14 and a3 = 18
d = a3 − a2 = 18 − 14 = 4
a2 = a + d
Thus, this A.P. contains 38 terms and the sum of the terms of this A.P. 14 = a + 4
is 6973. a = 10

Question 7:
Find the sum of first 22 terms of an AP in which d = 7 and 22nd term is
149.

Answer 7:
d = 7 and a22 = 149. S22 =?
an = a + (n − 1)d = 5610
a22 = a + (22 − 1)d
149 = a + 21 × 7
149 = a + 147 Question 9:
a=2 If the sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that of 17 terms is 289, find
the sum of first n terms.

13 14
Answer 9: Question 10:
Given that, S7 = 49 Show that a1, a2 … , an , … form an AP where an is defined as below
S17 = 289 (i) an = 3 + 4n
(ii) an = 9 − 5n
Also find the sum of the first 15 terms in each case.

Answer 10:
(i) an = 3 + 4n
a1 = 3 + 4(1) = 7
7 = (a + 3d) a2 = 3 + 4(2) = 3 + 8 = 11
a + 3d = 7 …………………………..(i) a3 = 3 + 4(3) = 3 + 12 = 15
Similarly, a4 = 3 + 4(4) = 3 + 16 = 19

It can be observed that

a2 − a1 = 11 − 7 = 4
17 = (a + 8d) a3 − a2 = 15 − 11 = 4
a + 8d = 17 ……………………….(ii) a4 − a3 = 19 − 15 = 4
Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii), i.e., ak + 1 − ak is same every time. Therefore, this is an AP with common
5d = 10 difference as 4 and first term as 7.
d=2
From equation (i),
a + 3(2) = 7
a+6=7
a=1

= 15 × 35
= 525

(ii) an = 9 − 5n
a1 = 9 − 5 × 1 = 9 − 5 = 4
= 𝑛2
a2 = 9 − 5 × 2 = 9 − 10 = −1

15 16
a3 = 9 − 5 × 3 = 9 − 15 = −6 d = a2 − a = 1 − 3 = −2
a4 = 9 − 5 × 4 = 9 − 20 = −11
an = a + (n − 1)d
= 3 + (n − 1) (−2)
It can be observed that
= 3 − 2n + 2
a2 − a1 = − 1 − 4 = −5
a3 − a2 = − 6 − (−1) = −5 = 5 − 2n
a4 − a3 = − 11 − (−6) = −5
Therefore,
i.e., ak + 1 − ak is same every time. Therefore, this is an A.P. with common a3 = 5 − 2(3) = 5 − 6 = −1
difference as −5 and first term as 4. a10 = 5 − 2(10) = 5 − 20 = −15
Hence, the sum of first two terms is 4. The second term is 1. 3rd, 10th,
and nth terms are −1, −15, and 5 − 2n respectively.

Question 12:
Find the sum of first 40 positive integers divisible by 6.
Answer 12:
The positive integers that are divisible by 6 are
6, 12, 18, 24 …
= −465
It can be observed that these are making an A.P. whose first term is 6
and common difference is 6.

Question 11: a = 6 and d = 6

If the sum of the first n terms of an AP is 4n − n2, what is the first term S40 =?
(that is S1)? What is the sum of first two terms? What is the second term?
Similarly find the 3rd, the10th and the nth terms.

Answer 11:
Given that,
= 20[12 + (39) (6)]
Sn = 4n − n2
= 20(12 + 234)
First term, a = S1 = 4(1) − (1)2 = 4 − 1 = 3
= 20 × 246
Sum of first two terms = S2 = 4(2) − (2)2 = 8 − 4 = 4 = 4920
Second term, a2 = S2 − S1 = 4 − 3 = 1

17 18
Question 13: n − 1 = 24
Find the sum of first 15 multiples of 8. n = 25
Answer 13:
The multiples of 8 are
8, 16, 24, 32…
These are in an A.P., having first term as 8 and common difference as
8.
Therefore, a = 8 and d = 8
= 625
S15 =?

Question 15:
A contract on construction job specifies a penalty for delay of completion
beyond a certain date as follows: Rs. 200 for the first day, Rs. 250 for
the second day, Rs. 300 for the third day, etc., the penalty for each
succeeding day being Rs. 50 more than for the preceding day. How much
money the contractor has to pay as penalty, if he has delayed the work
by 30 days.

Answer 15:
= 960
It can be observed that these penalties are in an A.P. having first term
as 200 and common difference as 50.
Question 14: a = 200 and d = 50
Find the sum of the odd numbers between 0 and 50.
Penalty that has to be paid if he has delayed the work by 30 days
Answer 14: = S30
The odd numbers between 0 and 50 are
1, 3, 5, 7, 9 … 49
Therefore, it can be observed that these odd numbers are in an A.P. = 15 [400 + 1450]
a = 1, d = 2 and l = 49 = 15 (1850)
= 27750
l = a + (n − 1) d
49 = 1 + (n − 1)2 Therefore, the contractor has to pay Rs 27750 as penalty.
48 = 2(n − 1)

19 20
 Answer 17:
Question 16:
It can be observed that the number of trees planted by the students is in
A sum of Rs 700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to students of a
school for their overall academic performance. If each prize is Rs 20 less an AP. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5………………..12
than its preceding prize, find the value of each of the prizes. First term, a = 1

Answer 16: Common difference, d = 2 − 1 = 1

Let the cost of 1st prize be P.
Cost of 2nd prize = P − 20
And cost of 3rd prize = P − 40
It can be observed that the cost of these prizes are in an A.P. having
common difference as −20 and first term as P.
= 6 (2 + 11)
a = P and d = −20
= 6 (13)
Given that, S7 = 700
= 78
Therefore, number of trees planted by 1 section of the classes = 78
Number of trees planted by 3 sections of the classes = 3 × 78 = 234
Therefore, 234 trees will be planted by the students.

a + 3(−20) = 100
a − 60 = 100 Question 18:
a = 160 A spiral is made up of successive semicircles, with centres alternately at
Therefore, the value of each of the prizes was Rs 160, Rs 140, Rs 120, A and B, starting with centre at A of radii 0.5, 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm,
Rs 100, Rs 80, Rs 60, and Rs 40. ……… as shown in figure. What is the total length of such a spiral made
22
up of thirteen consecutive semi-circles? [𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 = 7
]

Question 17:
In a school, students thought of planting trees in and around the school
to reduce air pollution. It was decided that the number of trees, that each
section of each class will plant, will be the same as the class, in which
they are studying, e.g., a section of class I will plant 1 tree, a section of
class II will plant 2 trees and so on till class XII. There are three sections
of each class. How many trees will be planted by the students?

21 22
Answer 18: Question 19:
Semi-perimeter of circle = 𝜋𝑟 200 logs are stacked in the following manner: 20 logs in the bottom row,
𝜋
I1 = 𝜋 (0.5) =2 𝑐𝑚 19 in the next row, 18 in the row next to it and so on. In how many rows
are the 200 logs placed and how many logs are in the top row?
I2 = 𝜋 (1) = 𝜋 𝑐𝑚
3𝜋
I3 = 𝜋 (1.5) = 𝑐𝑚
2

Therefore, I1, I2, I3 ,i.e. the lengths of the semi-circles are in an A.P.,

Answer 19:
It can be observed that the numbers of logs in rows are in an A.P.
20, 19, 18…
For this A.P.,
S13 =?
a = 20 and d = a2 − a1 = 19 − 20 = −1
We know that the sum of n terms of an a A.P. is given by
Let a total of 200 logs be placed in n rows.
Sn = 200

400 = n (40 − n + 1)
400 = n (41 − n)
400 = 41n − n2
n2 − 41n + 400 = 0
n2 − 16n − 25n + 400 = 0
n (n − 16) −25 (n − 16) = 0
(n − 16) (n − 25) = 0

= 143 Either (n − 16) = 0 or n − 25 = 0

n = 16 or n = 25
Therefore, the length of such spiral of thirteen consecutive semi-circles an = a + (n − 1)d
will be 143 cm. a16 = 20 + (16 − 1) (−1)
a16 = 20 − 15

23 24
a16 = 5 The distances of potatoes are as follows.
5, 8, 11, 14…
Similarly, a25 = 20 + (25 − 1) (−1)
It can be observed that these distances are in A.P.
a25 = 20 − 24
a=5d=8−5=3
= −4

Clearly, the number of logs in 16th row is 5. However, the number of logs
in 25th row is negative, which is not possible.
Therefore, 200 logs can be placed in 16 rows and the number of logs in
the 16th row is 5.
= 5[10 + 9 × 3]

Question 20: = 5(10 + 27) = 5(37)

In a potato race, a bucket is placed at the starting point, which is 5 m = 185
from the first potato and other potatoes are placed 3 m apart in a straight
line. There are ten potatoes in the line. As every time she has to run back to the bucket, therefore, the total
distance that the competitor has to run will be two times of it.

Therefore, total distance that the competitor will run = 2 × 185 = 370 m

Alternatively,
The distances of potatoes from the bucket are 5, 8, 11, 14… Distance run
by the competitor for collecting these potatoes are two times of the
A competitor starts from the bucket, picks up the nearest potato, runs distance at which the potatoes have been kept.
back with it, drops it in the bucket, runs back to pick up the next potato,
runs to the bucket to drop it in, and she continues in the same way until Therefore, distances to be run are 10, 16, 22, 28, 34,……….
all the potatoes are in the bucket. What is the total distance the a = 10 and d = 16 − 10 = 6. S10 =?
competitor has to run?
[Hint: to pick up the first potato and the second potato, the total distance
(in metres) run by a competitor is 2 × 5 + 2 ×(5 + 3)] = 5[20 + 54]
= 5 (74)
Answer 20: = 370
Therefore, the competitor will run a total distance of 370 m.

25 26
 Mathematics
(Chapter – 5) (Arithmetic Progressions)
(Class – X)

Exercise 5.4 Given that,

Question 1: a3 + a7 = 6
Which term of the A.P. 121, 117, 113 … is its first negative term? (a + 2d) + (a + 6d) = 6
[Hint: Find n for an < 0] 2a + 8d = 6
a + 4d = 3
Answer 1: a = 3 − 4d ……………………(i)
Given A.P. is 121, 117, 113 …
a = 121 d = 117 − 121 = −4 Also,
an = a + (n − 1) d
= 121 + (n − 1) (−4) it is given that (a3) × (a7) = 8
= 121 − 4n + 4
= 125 − 4n (a + 2d) × (a + 6d) = 8
We have to find the first negative term of this A.P. From equation (i),

Therefore, 32nd term will be the first negative term of this A.P.

Question 2:
The sum of the third and the seventh terms of an A.P is 6 and their
product is 8. Find the sum of first sixteen terms of the A.P.

Answer 2: From equation (i),

We know that,
an = a + (n − 1) d
a3 = a + (3 − 1) d
a3 = a + 2d
Similarly, a7 = a + 6d

1 2
 Question 3:
A ladder has rungs 25 cm apart. (See figure). The rungs decrease
uniformly in length from 45 cm at the bottom to 25 cm at the top. If the
1
top and bottom rungs are 2 m apart, what is the length of the wood
2
required for the rungs?
250
[Hint: number of rungs = 25 ]

Answer 3:
It is given that the rungs are 25 cm apart and the top and bottom rungs
1
are 2 2 m apart.

∴ Total number of rungs

Now, as the lengths of the rungs decrease uniformly, they will be in an

A.P.
The length of the wood required for the rungs equals the sum of all the
terms of this A.P.
First term, a = 45
Last term, l = 25 and n = 11

3 4
 Sum of number of houses following xth house = S49 − Sx

Therefore, the length of the wood required for the rungs is 385 cm.

Question 4:
The houses of a row are number consecutively from 1 to 49. Show that It is given that these sums are equal to each other.
there is a value of x such that the sum of numbers of the houses
preceding the house numbered x is equal to the sum of the number of
houses following it. Find this value of x.
[Hint: Sx − 1 = S49 − Sx]

Answer 4:
The number of houses was
1, 2, 3 … 49 However, the house numbers are positive integers.

It can be observed that the number of houses are in an A.P. having a as The value of x will be 35 only.
1 and d also as 1. Therefore, house number 35 is such that the sum of the numbers of
Let us assume that the number of xth house was like this. houses preceding the house numbered 35 is equal to the sum of the
We know that, numbers of the houses following it.
𝑛
Sum of n terms in an A.P. = 2 [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
Sum of number of houses preceding xth house = Sx − 1

Question 5:
A small terrace at a football ground comprises of 15 steps each of which
is 50 m long and built of solid concrete.

Each step has a rise of ¼ m and a tread of ½ m (See figure) calculate

the total volume of concrete required to build the terrace.

5 6
 Therefore, the widths of these steps are

Volume of concrete in 1st step

Volume of concrete in 2nd step

Volume of concrete in 3rd step

It can be observed that the volumes of concrete in these steps are in an

Answer 5: A.P.

From the figure, it can be observed that

1st step is ½ m wide,
2nd step is 1 m wide, 3rd step is 3/2 m wide.
Therefore, the width of each step is increasing by ½ m each time
Whereas their height ¼ m and length 50 m remains the same.
Volume of concrete required to build the terrace is 750 m3.

7 8