CHAPTER : 3

Computer Aided Civil Drawing

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3.1. Location Map

A location map description is a written description of a map that shows the
location of a place or feature relative to a position of a specific site or area
concerning its surroundings.
It provides an overview of where a particular project or structure is
located, making it easier for stakeholders to understand the geographical
setting of where the site is located.
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Information to be included in good location map:

• Major landmarks such as roads, towns, and facilities should be clearly shown and
labeled.
• The project site should be marked with a distinct symbol and labeled
appropriately.
• Surrounding infrastructure like highways, railways, or airports should be
highlighted.
• Key access routes to the project site should be indicated for clarity.
• It must include a north arrow to show the orientation of the map.
• A legend should be provided to explain the symbols, lines, and colors used on the
map.
• Optional detail such as scale could be provided to indicate the relationship
between map distances and real-world distances for accuracy and relevance
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Uses of location map

1.Planning and Design:
• Helps engineers and planners understand the geographical context.
• Identifies access routes and potential challenges in transportation and logistics.
2.Communication:
• Provides a clear visual reference for clients, contractors, and stakeholders.
• Ensures everyone involved in the project knows the project's location.
3.Permitting and Approvals:
• Required by government and local authorities for obtaining construction permits.
• Demonstrates the environmental and social impact of the proposed site.
4.Navigation:
• Guides workers, suppliers, and visitors to the site during construction and operation
phases.
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Figure: Typical Location Map

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Site Plan
A site plan is a detailed, scaled drawing that represents
a specific plot of land for a project, showing the layout
of buildings, nearby roads, and features such as
setbacks, rights-of-way, and other regulations required
by the municipality.

Aspect Site Plan Location Map

Indicates the general geographical location of

Purpose Shows detailed layout of a specific project site.
a site in a larger area.
Small scale (covers a large area with less
Scale Large scale (covers a small area with high detail).
detail).

Focuses on internal arrangements of the site (e.g., Focuses on the position of the site relative to
Focus
buildings, utilities, access points). major landmarks, cities, or regions.

Includes setbacks, right of way and criteria of Highlights major roads, landmarks, and
Details
municipal drawing. regional context of the site.
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3.2. Land Measurement and Area Calculation

• Ground Coverage:
Plinth Area= 800 sq.ft
Plot Area = 1600 sq.ft
GC%=(800/1600)*100
= 50%
• Floor Area Ratio
Build-up Area = 2600 sq.ft
Plot Area = 1600 sq.ft
FAR = (2600/1600)
= 1.625
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ROW AND SETBACK

• A land corridor designated or constructed for the use of public access,
vehicular traffic circulation and the location of public utilities, such as
pathways, easements, roads and highways, regardless of the ownership
of the land and utilities is called ROW (Right of way)
• A setback refers to the minimum distance that must be maintained
between a building and the property boundary. No construction shall be
allowed in the space between this line and the border of the plot.
Setback is given after ROW.
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Light plane defines a space or volume above the

setback and road area where no construction is
allowed to ensure proper ventilation, sunlight,
and compliance with zoning laws.
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Area and Perimeter Calculation from field measurement

STEPS:
•Set up the Total Station at a fixed point near the plot.
•Mark all boundary points of the land plot with visible markers.
•Divide the plot into triangles by connecting boundary points.
•Measure distances and angles to each boundary point using the Total Station
•Measure the sides or calculate using the measured angles and distances.
•Record the data for all triangles in a field notebook.
•Calculate the area of each triangle using the formula:
a+b+c
•𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) ; 𝑠 =
2

•Add up all triangle areas to get the total plot area.

•Calculate the perimeter by summing up the boundary side lengths.
•Verify calculations by cross-checking measurements with observed angles.
•Perform an independent check by measuring an additional diagonal or verifying the closure of
the triangles with observed distances.
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Verification of plot area from triangulation

SET BACK

ROW
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Conversion of Area into different Units

•In Nepal, land measurement is traditionally done using units like bigha, kattha, dhur, ropani, aana,
and paisa.

•Measurement in the Terai Region

1 Bigha = 20 Kattha = 13,560 square feet
1 Kattha = 20 Dhur = 720 square feet
1 Dhur = 36 square feet

Measurement in the Hilly Region

1 Ropani = 16 Aana = 5,476 square feet
1 Aana = 4 Paisa = 342.25 square feet
1 Paisa = 4 Daam = 85.56 square feet
1 Daam = 21.39 square feet

1 meter = 3.28084 feet

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
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Preparation of topographic map using SW-

DTM from provided survey data
Features:
• SW_DTM (Softwel Digital Terrain • User friendly interface for plotting
Modeling) is a complete software survey points, either manually or
package for Digital Terrain from data files/spreadsheets in true
Modeling and Contouring, which is co-ordinates & elevation.
powerful and accurate while being • Provisions for adding feature lines
user friendly and easy to learn. and boundary lines as well as
• This software features a user- inserting pre defined blocks.
friendly interface for plotting • Efficient and accurate contour
survey points and generating generation.
contours at any specified interval. • Supports writing contour
This software can also draw profile annotations and drawing grids.
and cross section for any alignment
at any user-defined scale. • Drawing of profile and cross-
section for any alignment.
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Steps
1. Install SW_DTM software in your
computer.
2. Open the drawing file in AutoCAD.
3. Open SW_DTM after AutoCAD is
opened and ensure it is not busy.
4. In SW_DTM, select Points->Import
Points from Excel.
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4. Open the file containing the

points in Excel. The columns
should be in a specific format
(S.N., X, Y, Z, remarks)
5. Select the rows of points to
be imported.
6. Set the desired Point Label
Scale and click Import Points.
The points will be imported into
AutoCAD. Zooming must be
done manually.
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7. Process points, select Points->Process Points. To process all points

and features, select All Points and Features in the processing options in
the bottom right corner. Ensure that the layer Features is selected in
the feature layers list. Click OK to process points.
8. Process the points is completed, click menu Triangles->Triangulate. A
message box will appear after triangulation is completed.
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9. Click Contours->Draw Quick

Contour. Set the contour interval
and click Draw.
10. Contours will be drawn
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3.3. Building Drawing

Architectural Drawings:

Floor Plan Sectional drawing

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Elevation
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Trench Plan
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Structural drawing: Foundation plan

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Structural drawing: Foundation Reinforcement Detail

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Structural Detailing: Column Reinforcement

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Structural drawing : Beam

Details on transverse reinforcement in beams as per (Nepal

National Building Code, NBC: 105: 2020)
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Structural Drawing: Staircase reinforcement

details
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Structural Drawing: Slab reinforcement details

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Structural Drawing: Slab reinforcement details

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Structural drawing: Column