0 ratings 0% found this document useful (0 votes) 46 views 48 pages Logic
The document discusses mathematical logic, focusing on the types of sentences such as declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative, and their truth values. It explains the concepts of statements, truth tables, and logical connectives like conjunction and disjunction. Additionally, it covers De Morgan's laws and provides examples of symbolic representations of various mathematical statements.
AI-enhanced title and description
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content,
claim it here .
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Go to previous items Go to next items
——~~4- MATHEMATICS LOGIC
a SS
grakements and its Tri Value-
_+—
——~T Language 18 the medium of Communicahon of Our 4hrouethy. fos
Oe rue
communicobon We usec) Sentences
| | qhece Ove Vatlous tyPes OF Sentences - -
ccloyative LAsserive] [Statement]
~~ y] cenperative 1a commond a wequest]
G1 Exclamatosy [Emobons , exdtement O« Exclamokory ayy
«| Tinkeecogoee L Queston)
—_. | Sratement io ft Statement is q declarahve geMtence which
is ertnes tour of false but nob bot gimultaneous!
| Stoternents ane denied? oy tettere P/V o0,
foc exanogte = 3 3s aN add number and
4ig an even number
Let 2 = 33s an Odd number
Y= His 9M even numdey.
| “Truth vatues— A Stodement ie
a Ste truth valve is T
ga eit “yest aueabem ove uinole cuca ee
Th
{ ie Yr A pate yg ne
earl eet ae eg
hp peonyou! “Speak in in Marmutei ?
a ee Di is en internopebice tbatence, tence it t$—
nit a Claterment
xm) 9? = eu-eeo , when Hep
— | de is on atoren ty which i True
| ots fut volte 9
Mtv. Cie fam of cuberooks of uate (een: — ___
La) is a Statement, which it Tie
wh treth _yelue rl | oe
aN a
ni)
~~, | oe on Statement , hich is true:
el ws pete vores oT
ef me % lass ef water
m an imperative Sentence, Hence i+ Jf Ae
4 oo
== Ie aoe ment
ae = sintg = C02
a se Se Se
is ale ee ee
bt & Statement
qe
an oped Sentence, Hence this is MY.
——Toaie connectives
__ Weg
‘Tawa Lal [.conjunction)
P ana Q ve any hoo graternents connected ey word
Athen trevestttt _ Sesultank compound statement 2
and”
> catled Conpame bon
g Sik Js white nd qpess Ss gree!
__ eg -=Uinog is
a ler 3
Pomik ts white
ss q: goss is green
the Sympotic _fosm of given gkatemenk is
pAn.
notes Me voord Such ad buk, yet {Stu inepile_,wheyghy
while _y oevret 1 N07 4 comma (4) age alt0 used 1
Moree 9
orock dix OD Simple Statement
A |
Hh 8 4 fag .
Were oe a ¥
Uda 2 a ¢ =
ile fave ——
E rE . ;
j ——~
2. Jor Ly] Aiguncion) =
fae P_and _g ove any too Stolements coonecked bi
j word "OF" hen -he xeSUltant compound Site
{s_catled disjunctioo.
a
gi 2 ig an even oumber oF 3 Is ocd number
tet
P 2 ig an even oumber
G3 3 ig_an ded Qumver
Re Symbolic form of the given Statement is
! J
PNG
Truth tebe of [Los]
aa
= ee
Pva
om ieee
ee
£ Bile. 3 ee ee -
= ae ___
a
Te atx eH fs sgh ee ef and only SP Hb) of MEABUNE OD.
me Es the angle f6 xignt angic
7
Sympotic al os of the given Stalemen ia
a —
|
ee je neither acubke ebtune
a se is GQcute
| igs
og te is ObMuse
| the cael ‘Sorra of the given stalement Is
[ire sypmuetcot forrn of the geo Stelenen
“PA a.
aa lar anes wight le_of By-ynen menamee #40"
let_9 § T Anges is ight angle ot &
m2 +mec =go'
aah me. Su yentoolticas form of the given Slatemenk ls
aa P= a
stena ee coins_gold medod if onal only if She wuns fast -
vat p- Mima Qos 10303 _gotel medal
- _qHimades Suns fos t
Fee_Syrowobical found OF he given Statement tenes
Pa
is not inrahonal umber but isa Squowe a? 99 ineqes
ict pone ig wrahon al number
qa. nis a Square of an ite OOK
is * qu. s s = -
| _Re_ Symbol fom of tne given Statement ie
__|_ 4 jis odd oes is prime:
aes lek p isodd
I Qi) is pylme
The Symbolic form of the given Sentence Ts
I eva
| Ene
a
The Aeuth value the given Stetment ts fotge
“3
2)\\eu_ sa perfect gquane and We i
ons | tet po: gu ic Pesfeck squawe
g ius ts & Prime Numper
| he symbotiicod form of -the given Clatement ie
zg =)
PAg
! PAE
| =
[she Huth vatue of the given Statement is F-
3] Sis a prime qumber ond @ is divide py 94.
ang || wet 5: 5 le a ptine umber
eng
aT Ae
€
Fe Hu vole A the given Stalement jo fF
+ is @ divide 44
| ive Suympoirica? f5xen_of the given Statement ic
|
=i i 3
if
Fi pae aes Sze
~~ |) poly gots nHACDe ic Hoka pentagon
ae
ss $s
ae a = 8) alse]
we |v El wm SVS)
STARS B a Tora os (ave
Ny
$ => 14) > (Pinar
wirepayyy (6a =>! Pav)
vE(e TNF) V CE > T) > (TIE)
~ wh Cenes Vile Si) eer
CIN eee
wp <> F J
. ae = ——— __ bpewiige 4.
sea fect he uth joble for each
+ Atatement patiurrs
for each oh the Fela
aval oe |
ree] fo fo
2M
Ven ew)
wee
{ree se]
t g
| (mg a op) top>
|
3
2 <
ig TAT elel eo or
eh Ee i)
< a - c
7 oP retell lal oJ st Shel ci
cerercrccert ta Daa
|o} el Erie rya|<|* 5] sl L & saan ial doe
,
feat ule
Fest
: eas re
Set ae
eS Bhat eth 0 Aneel te
“+ ana 8 & One iderdcod
| | |
Fp >
loin lah
Psp]
wT
te 9 any) & (prqi nipay) one nt
. Bin Eerie ees er
oto (p=a)\.Cpeelprq\. ol pee)
\ “Tt at
sil
t
r i f
y \ q |
1 1 a |
J
Ai above..-ruth abe poll ta enbies
column 4S anol ® axe phial
p= Cant cp >a) n_( po —_——}-——
|
| pain ete Le ai
ae _| ened, ene given bdelemen! —palieun. daly 2
(p24) 2 (pvas ! ee
SH he above truth dable all dhe endnes ia the tai A
Pee
ae ie (ope al} Vm
all te 20 Gi thy
3
oh the arove..deuth sable,
———__—__flumn ane a
pt Hense the given _Saternen’ pratt co toad lume
| Hene dtelement gattern is Acukole :
1 Hence , +he oes - aislegy
|
| [ue a) a leas)
EE
(vp sq] fe
nla ablo
7
|
L
1
|
ail,
mie ile le
ah
Th =e above “Teeth Acmsle. 5 all the enticed io the fas-
Be
4
yi
SA nn
4
Tew
Tete eS eee
Ti ait abn ig
mapear Pak
nin | 3|3(D |) 4
i
t ©) Lenovo Tab M8 (4th Gen) 2024 S| ey
HL IZEA wth tat
4 There _ i's
The _giern_slatemne,
es
ts trth vt
i eer © JS an ,, 4
=| fru-3,5 74 :
yrs an His
ven
the _aiven nt f
: fi
Tis Got t
N
well 2 hsPi ied +h Hor
BV +B 740
the myen Alatement
2 Is truth awe
Ni.
pt all the vajue of ¥ sak
2 the given stokmart Is Tre
<6 “Hoth vale i's T
@2t Write the duals af each of the following
I ] J (OO ORE a une rors “the _negatton of
“(pA 4)
SMS Cr o-%20
__afatemend
ily | Quaclriloserot eae
* Wand! griivish At da thon bus
—>| bet p= Quodltilattal 3s a savare yt :
2 Avaclrilatera| is _ rhombus
ahe_symbo| form fe
— "4
| “dhe negation of the given q= rae
e ~@AdvV@V-q [2 Marks} The given statement can be
@v~9 3 [2 Marks} Ooi ea es written as
ere 22 Marks] eu 2 al number or F's irrational
Silat Oe ®) 2 Marks}
i ~-q>p] py Tete te) 0
4: flx) is divisible by (2)
C@>@=pr-~q The given statement is p > q
butp>q=-pvq
The given statement can be written as
“f2) #0 or ffx) is divisible by (x
[De Morgan’s law]
x Without using truth table prove that:
POa=@DAMyepr~a
[3 Marks|[Mar 13]
[De Morgan’s law]
iv. ~[pv~qan @v@A@v~a= p 12 Marks]
(pv ~q)v~r [De Morgan's law] @ADV~PAQv(Pr~q= pva
Se anton ah au 4 Marks|[Mar 22]
Y-9> (A~@= (Pv~qACPva)
2 Marks
Vv. ~p>(pv~)] Solution: eee
=PA~pv~a) -@>q@=pr~q | i Las
=PACPAQ) [De Morgan’s law] =poaq
=(>9AG>P)
vii ~—[-pragdv@v-q] pY@)Aaqvp)
(PA A~Pv~q) [De Morgan’s law] pheacavallylta Gacalle re
pee far ener istibutive law]
er ee gee Moms oe) =p a-av Cp api van-av(aap)]
[Distributive law]
Pes feta Kp ana) FIVE (aap) cA
Bi aD AS Complement law]
[De Morgan’s law] {Identity law]
[Commutative taw]
vii, ~[pv~a) > (PA-a)]
(pv~q)A~P A~9)
=@v-MaCeva
viii, ~{(~pv-~a)v(pA~M]
Heralan ise Morgan’s law] ii,
"s law)
er aeey a... DeMoet [Distributive law]
fee A aa DINTEE AT
it (Complement law}
2. Rewrite the following statements without aaa
[2 Marks Each]
then he is honest. ri
gst is if ley aS
‘number then 2 avec ducsaal
ADV ORDY CHAD sails]
using if.. then.
BPAY DY CPD, ive law]
eomplemen 1]
(PAT VCPAD ou
a
=| Telem potent law
pYp=p
PAP =p
Commutative
p Way = , ve
pag =9,47
Associative laud
ipyq vr = py (qv)
pAg) AY = pA (a Ay
Dispribubve Jaw)
pv(qar) = (pq) a (pr,
Pa Gul= bya) pa
Complement laud
py p=:
ii paep =F
fl) ~ep) SP. ©® Lenovo Tab M8 (4th Gen) 2024 © Lenovo Tab M8 (4th Gen) 2024 a symbolic form of Ine
¢_swrtching table of the %,
2 Q,
} a My
1 Re ri
ele ° )
_o !
oOl 0
Se emeteeseord ae once aac
het 9? Swrtth S) js «
. gq: switth So 16
he _symbolic_form of the 9
a | the switching table of, the ©
eh switching cdcult 6
iven statements
eo switching table _of +he fll
re:
a
CORE MCMC URC) eee Sant p+ Switch S$, is _¢
a Swith S» ts
| ~p + Suoith S',_ is clased
+ gwitth S, is closed
feel
i ihe symbolic prm
The input = vipuk stable
ECE EMC Lc 1) Cis
Symbolic form of the given
: The switch S, is closed.
: The switch S> is closed.
: The switch 8; is closed.
The switch S} is closed.
The switch S‘is closed.
ee ly Can~) ct a re a oe
Tnput— output tabte:
#8) t pvgave|evp| O29 | Beas
ee)
OL Tory { i
POO Tt tt { :
ty ODE Rts Ons 4
0
DL | eter |; " :
OPO 1 | o
1
DeO bth O.1 1) 1 0 ie
BOL Ol 010 fo ret i
Construct the switching
CPAMV@A~ry
ADV PAC qvpvn
[®ANVCaA~nIA@pa~1)
A~GANV PAHqv-n)]
PYG P)V—-q)v aq)
Adv CP)VPr~q
Solution:
i, Let p: The switch S; is closed.
4: The switch Sis closed
T : The switch Sis closed
~p: The switch 8; is closed
ot: The switch S;is closed,
‘cuit of the following:
13 Marks Each]
[Mar 17]
The statement (~p » q) represents a circuit in
which s,
The statement (p
which S; and S; are connected in series.
Hence, given statement [(-p 4) v (pa
and S2 are connected in series.
1) represents a circuit in
a) is
equivalent to (~p 0 q) and (p 0 ~1) connected in
parallel
Hence, the circuit diagram is
pee
Ss &
The switch S, is closed.
a witch S, is closed
represents a circuit in
connected in series.
represents a cirouit in
nected in parallel.
eet)
The statement [~p » (-q
PY 1)] represents a
cireuit in which sis connect
fed in series with the
fiteuit comesponding tothe statement (a v pv 1),
Hence, the circuit dia
ZS,
=i! _-__@)—_.—
Let p : The switch S) is closed.
4: The switch S; is closed.
The switch $; is closed
The switch $,is closed,
The switch S; is closed
The switch S,is closed
The statement (pr) represents a citeuit in
Which S, and , are connected in series.
The statement (~q » ~r) represents a circuit in
which S; and S; are connected in series
The statement (~p » ~) represents a cieuit in
Which S; and S, are connected in series
The statement [(p-4 1) v (-q.4 ~1)] represents a
cireuits corresponding to (p 4 r) and (-q A ~r)
are connected in parallel
The given statement [(p 0 1) v (-a 4 ~2)} 0
Gp At) represent the circuits corresponding to
[@ 41) vq A-1)] and (-p -t) are connected
Hence, the circuit diagram is
Let p : the switch S, is closed.
q : the switch Sis closed.
r the switch S; is closed,
~q:: the switch ; is closed.
is ON, otherwise it will
glow.
Let p: The switch S1 is closed.
q: The switch S2is closed,
: The switch S; is closed
-q: The switch S; is closed.
ar: The switch Sis closed.
‘The symbolic form of the given switching
circuit is (p v~qv ~t) A [pv qan)} (©) Lenovo Tab M8 (4th Gen) 2024
