Essential SAT Grammar Rules
1. Subject-Verb Agreement
Subjects and verbs must agree in number. Singular subjects need singular verbs, and plural
subjects need plural verbs.
Example: The dog barks. / The dogs bark.
2. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number and gender.
Example: Each student must bring his or her book.
3. Verb Tense Consistency
Verb tenses must remain consistent within a sentence or paragraph unless a shift is clearly
necessary.
Example: She studied hard and passed the test.
4. Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Modifiers should be placed next to the word they describe to avoid confusion.
Example: Running quickly, the athlete won the race.
5. Parallel Structure
Items in a list or comparison must follow the same grammatical structure.
Example: She likes running, swimming, and biking.
6. Concise Expression
Avoid wordiness and redundancy.
Example: 'Because of the fact that' becomes 'Because'.
7. Comma Rules
Use commas to separate items in a list, after introductory elements, and to set off nonessential
clauses.
Example: After dinner, we watched a movie.
8. Apostrophe Use
Use apostrophes to show possession and in contractions.
Example: The cat's toy. / It's raining.
9. Colons and Semicolons
Use colons to introduce a list or explanation; semicolons link closely related independent clauses.
Example: She had one goal: to win. / I came prepared; I studied all night.
10. Sentence Structure and Fragments
Every sentence must have at least one independent clause. Avoid fragments and run-ons.
Example: Incorrect: Although she was tired. / Correct: Although she was tired, she kept working.
11. Diction and Word Choice
Choose the correct word for the context, especially with commonly confused words.
Example: affect vs. effect, than vs. then.
12. Idioms and Prepositions
Certain verbs require specific prepositions. These are often tested on the SAT.
Example: Interested in, capable of, responsible for.