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Finite Volume Method Project

The Finite Volume Method (FVM) is a numerical technique used to solve partial differential equations in fluid dynamics and heat transfer, focusing on its mathematical formulation and real-world applications. The project covers the theoretical foundation, methodology, and examples of 1D and 2D problems, comparing FVM with other numerical techniques. Applications include computational fluid dynamics, heat transfer, environmental modeling, aerospace engineering, and structural analysis.

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26 views2 pages

Finite Volume Method Project

The Finite Volume Method (FVM) is a numerical technique used to solve partial differential equations in fluid dynamics and heat transfer, focusing on its mathematical formulation and real-world applications. The project covers the theoretical foundation, methodology, and examples of 1D and 2D problems, comparing FVM with other numerical techniques. Applications include computational fluid dynamics, heat transfer, environmental modeling, aerospace engineering, and structural analysis.

Uploaded by

bhargavichenna36
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Finite Volume Method and its

Applications
Abstract
The Finite Volume Method (FVM) is a numerical technique widely used in the field of
computational mathematics and engineering to solve partial differential equations,
particularly in fluid dynamics and heat transfer. This project presents a comprehensive
study on the Finite Volume Method, focusing on its mathematical formulation, methodology,
implementation, and real-world applications. Both 1D and 2D problems are discussed with
worked examples.

Objectives
- To understand the theoretical foundation of the Finite Volume Method.
- To derive the mathematical formulation for 1D and 2D conservation laws.
- To demonstrate the application of FVM through numerical problems.
- To compare FVM with other numerical techniques like FEM and FDM.
- To explore real-world applications in engineering and science.

Methodology
The project follows a structured approach beginning with the theoretical background of the
FVM. The governing partial differential equations are expressed in integral form. These are
then discretized over control volumes using Gauss's divergence theorem. The fluxes at the
control volume interfaces are approximated using numerical schemes. Finally, example
problems are solved using the developed numerical model.

Mathematical Formulation
The basic idea of FVM is to integrate the governing PDE over a control volume and apply the
divergence theorem. For a general conservation law in 1D:
∂u/∂t + ∂f(u)/∂x = 0
Integrating over a control volume [xₗ, xᵣ], we get:
d/dt ∫ₓₗˣᵣ u dx + [f(u)]ₓₗˣᵣ = 0
This leads to the semi-discrete formulation:
dUᵢ/dt = - (Fᵢ₊₁/₂ - Fᵢ₋₁/₂)/Δx
where Uᵢ is the average value in the control volume and Fᵢ₊₁/₂ is the numerical flux at the
interface.
1D Problem Example
Consider the linear advection equation:
∂u/∂t + a ∂u/∂x = 0
Using FVM with upwind flux:
Fᵢ₊₁/₂ = a uᵢ if a > 0
This results in the update formula:
uᵢⁿ⁺¹ = uᵢⁿ - (aΔt/Δx)(uᵢⁿ - uᵢ₋₁ⁿ)

2D Problem Example
For a 2D scalar transport equation:
∂u/∂t + ∂f(u)/∂x + ∂g(u)/∂y = 0
Using a rectangular control volume, we integrate over both x and y directions:
dUᵢⱼ/dt = - (Fᵢ₊₁/₂,ⱼ - Fᵢ₋₁/₂,ⱼ)/Δx - (Gᵢ,ⱼ₊₁/₂ - Gᵢ,ⱼ₋₁/₂)/Δy
Numerical schemes such as upwind or Lax-Friedrichs can be used to compute the fluxes F
and G.

Applications
- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD): Solving Navier-Stokes equations.
- Heat Transfer: Steady and unsteady heat conduction problems.
- Environmental Modelling: Pollution dispersion in air and water bodies.
- Aerospace Engineering: Flow over wings and propulsion systems.
- Structural Analysis: Coupled problems in thermal stress.

Conclusion
The Finite Volume Method provides a powerful framework for the numerical solution of
conservation laws. Its conservative formulation and adaptability to complex geometries
make it a preferred method in many scientific and engineering disciplines. This project
highlights the core principles of FVM and demonstrates its versatility through both
theoretical and practical problem-solving.

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