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Tuts and Examples

The document contains a series of problems related to steam flow through nozzles, including calculations for expansion efficiency, outlet area, throat velocity, and heat drop. Each problem provides specific conditions and parameters, leading to numerical results for various thermodynamic properties of steam. The problems cover different scenarios involving pressures, temperatures, and mass flow rates, with final answers provided for each calculation.

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Prosper Ndumbi Luboya
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11 views1 page

Tuts and Examples

The document contains a series of problems related to steam flow through nozzles, including calculations for expansion efficiency, outlet area, throat velocity, and heat drop. Each problem provides specific conditions and parameters, leading to numerical results for various thermodynamic properties of steam. The problems cover different scenarios involving pressures, temperatures, and mass flow rates, with final answers provided for each calculation.

Uploaded by

Prosper Ndumbi Luboya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tuts and examples

1. Steam penetrates a group of convergent-divergent nozzles at a pressure of 3000 kPa and


300oC. The steam is then expanded to 400 kPa with an outlet velocity of 780 m/s. Take the
mass flow rate of steam as 15 kg/s and assume that frictional losses only occur in the
divergent part toward the exit. Determine:
a) The expansion efficiency
b) Outlet area in m2
c) Throat velocity
d) Nozzle efficiency
[62.64%; 8.696 x 10-3 m2; 519.6 m/s; 75.1%]

2. Dry saturated steam enters a convergent steam nozzle at a pressure of 15 bar and is
discharged at a pressure of 2.0 bar. If the dryness fraction of discharge steam is 0.96, what
will be the final velocity of steam? Neglect the initial velocity of the steam.

If 10% of heat drop is lost in friction, find the exit velocity and the percentage reduction in the
final velocity.
[587.78 m/s; 557.62 m/s; 5.13%]

3. Steam enters a convergent nozzle at 400°C and 800 kPa with a velocity of 10 m/s and leaves
at 300°C and 200 kPa while losing heat at a rate of 25 kW. For an inlet area of 800 cm2,
determine the following:
a) the outlet velocity and
b) the volume flow rate of the steam at the nozzle exit.
[606.04 m/s; 2.74 m3/s]

4. Steam at a pressure of 15 bar and dryness fraction of 0.97 is discharged through a


convergent-divergent nozzle to a back pressure of 0.2 bar. The mass flow rate is 9 kg/kWh. If
the power developed is 220 kW, determine:
a) Throat pressure.
b) Number of nozzles required if each nozzle has a throat of rectangular cross-section of 4
mm × 8 mm.
a) If 12% of the overall isentropic enthalpy drop is due to friction in the divergent portion,
find the cross-section of the exit rectangle (L x b).
[8.671 bar; 7.9 (Say 8 nozzles); 13.57 mm x 27.14 mm]

5. Dry steam enters the nozzle at 10 bar and 100 m/s. Steam is expanded and leaves the nozzle
at 5 bar and 300 m/s. Determine the heat drop in the nozzle, taking the mass flow rate as 16
kg/s. Assuming heat losses to the surroundings as 10 kJ/kg, find the final state of the steam
leaving the nozzle and the power output in kW.
[50 kJ/kg; 99.043% dry; 800 kW]

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