EXPERIMENT NO: 1
GENERATE SINUSOIDALWAVEFORM BASED ON
RECURSIVE DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
a-input('enter the amplitude of the signal ');
f-input(enter the frequency of the signal );
N=input('enter the number of cycles );
IFinput('enter the initial condition y(-1) );
T=1/f;
t-0:1/100*T:N*T:
x=a*sin(2*pi* f*);
y-zeros(1,length(t));
for
i=1:1:length(x)
y(i)=x(i)+l;
lFy();
end;
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(t,x);
xlabel('timet);
ylabel('amplitude');
title('sine signal );
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(t,y);
xlabel('timet);
ylabel('amplitude');
title(' sine signal generated byrecursive equation');
INPUT
enter the amplitudeof the signal 5
of the signal 200
enter the frequency
enter the number of cycles 5
enter the intial condition y(-1) 0
RESULT
4Figure 1
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sine signal
0
amplitude
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025
timet
sinusoidal signal generated
200 by recursive equation
150
100
amplitude
50
0 0.005 0.01 0.016 0.02 0.025
timet
EXPERIMENT NO: 2
DFT OF GIVEN DISCRETE TIME SIGNAL
PROGRAM:
%DFT function
clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=input('enter the values of input sequence);
N=input('enterthe npo int dft values');
IFlength(x);
if(N<I)
error('N should be>-);
end;
x1=[x zeros(1,(N-I))]
for k=0:1:N-1;
for n=0:l:N-1;
p-exp(-j*2*pi*n*k/N)
x2(n+1,ktl)-p;
end;
end;
y-(x1*x2);
psd-abs(y.*y)/N;
disp(the inputsequence is:);
disp(xl);
disp('the twiddle factor matrix is:);
disp(x2);
disp('the dft of x(n) is');
disp(y):
magnitude=abs(y);
phase-angle(y);
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(magnitude);
xlabel('frequency');
ylabel('magnitude');
title('magnitude plot);
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(phase);
xlabel(frequency');
ylabel('phase');
title(phase plot');
INPUT:
Enter the sequence:|1 1 2 3]
Enter the value ofN:4
The DFT of the given sequence is
7.0000 -1.0000 + 2.0000i -1.0000 - 0.0000i -1.0000 2.00001
-
The corresponding magnitude vector
is
7.0000 2.2361 1.0000 2.2361
The corresponding phase vector is
0 116.5651 -180.0000 -116.565 1
RESULT:
Figure 1
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Magnitude
magnitude
-0.5 05 1.5 2 2.5 35 4
Phase spectrum
100
phase
-100
-1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3.5 4
k
EXPERIMENT NO: 3
IDFT OF GIVEN DISCRETE TIME SIGNAL
PROGRAM:
%1DFT function
cle:
clear all:
close all;
x=input('enter the values of input sequence');
N=input(enter the npo int dft values');
I=length(x);
if(N<I)
error(N should be >=):
end;
x1=[x zeros(1,(N-I)]
for k=0:1:N-1:
for n=0:1:N-1:
p-exp(j*2*pi*n*k/N)
x2(n+1,k+l)-p:
end:
end:
y-(1/N)*(x1 *x2);
disp('the input sequence is:');
disp(xl);
disp('the twiddle factor matrix is:');
disp(x2);
disp('the idft of x(n) is');
disp(y);
magnitude=abs(y);
phase=angle(y):
subplot(2,1,1):
stem(magnitude):
xlabel(frequency);
ylabel('magnitude);
title('magnitude plot);
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(phase):
xlabel('frequency');
ylabel(phase):
title('phase plot);
INPUT:
Enter the sequence:[7.0000 -1.0000 + 2.0000i -1.0000 - 0.0000i -1.0000 - 2.000011
Enter the value ofN:4
The DFT ofthe given sequenceis 1.0000 1.0000 + 0.0000i 2.0000 - 0.0000i3.0000 -0.0000i
The correspondingmagnitude vector is 1 1 23
The corresponding phase vector is 1.0e-014 * 00.3836 -0.1754 -0.8607
RESULT:
Figure 1
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Magnitude
magnitude
0
1 -0.5 0,5 1 1.5 2.5 3.5
X 10 Phase spectrun
2
phase
-1 -05 0,5 1.5 25 3.5
EXPERIMENT NO: 4
FREQUENCY RESPONSEOF A GIVEN SYSTEM
PROGRAM:
cle:
clear all:
close all:
w-pi:0.01:pi:
num-input('enter the numerator coefficient'):
den-input('enter the denominator coeficient'):
h-freqz(num,den, w);
magnitude-abs(h):
phase-angle(h);
subplot(2. 1,1):
plot(w,magnitude);
xlabel(frequency');:
ylabel('magnitude');
title('magnitude plot ':
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(w.phase):
xlabel(frequency');
ylabel('angle');
title('phase plot');
INPUT:
enter the numeratorcocfficient[1 34 5]
enter the denominator coefficient|3 -2 -67|
RESULT:
4Figure
1
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Help
Maimze
magnitude plot
magnitude
4 -3 -2 -1 2
frequency
phase plot
2
engie
-2 -1 0 3
frequency
EXPERIMENT NO:5
IMPLEMENTATION OF FFT FOR A GIVEN SEQUENCE
PROGRAM:
cle;
clear all;
close all;
xinput(enter the values of input
sequence );
N=input(enter the npoint fft values');
-length(x);
if(N<I)
error('N should be >-l);
end:
xI=[x,zeros(1,(N-I)]
y-fit(x1,N)
magnitude-abs(y);
phase-angle(y);
disp('the input sequence x(n)
is');
disp(xl);
disp(the fft ofxl is y);
disp(y):
subplot(2,1,l);
stem(magnitude):grid;
xlabel('frequency');
ylabel('magnitude');
tit le ('magnitude plot');
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(phase):grid;
xlabel(frequency');
ylabel('phase');
title('phase plot');
FFT INPUTS
enter the values of input
sequence [1 2345 6 7 8]
enter the npoint fi values8
the input sequence x(n) is 1 2345 678
the fft ofxl is y
Columns through 6 1
36.0000+ 0.0000i -4.0000 +9.6569i -4.0000 + 4.00001 -4.0000 +1.6569i -4.0000 +0.00001
4.0000 - 1.6569i
Columns 7 through 8
-4.0000- 4.00001 -4.0000-9.6569i
RESULT:
A Figure1
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magnitudeplot
40
30
20
magnitude
10
2 4 5 7
1
frequenc
phase plot
2
phase
2
6 7
1 2
frequency
EXPERIMENT NO:6
DETERMINATION OF POWER SPECTRUM OF A SIGNAL
PROGRAM:
cle:
close all:
clear all:
x=input(enter the scquence'):
N=length(X):
n=0:1:N-1;
y=xcorr(x,x):
subplot(3, 1,1):
stem(n,x):
xlabel(' n-y label('Amplitude--->);
title('input seq):
subplot(3,1,2):
N=length(y):
n-0:1:N-1;
stem(n.y):
xlabel('n-.)y label('Amplitude--.);
title('autocorr seq for input'):
disp('autocorr seq for input');
disp(y)
P-fft(y,N):
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(n, P):
xlabel('K---)ylabel('Amplitude--->);
title('psd of input');
disp(the psd function:);
disp(P)
INPUT:
enter the values of input sequence [1 2 3 4 567 8]
enter the npoint fi values&
the input sequence x(n)is
12345678
the psd ofxl is
162.0000 13.6569 4.0000 2.3431 2.0000 2.3431 4.0000 13.6569
RESULT:
Figure 1
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40 magnitude plot
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
frequency
200 power spectrum of x(n)
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
EXPERIMENT NO: 7
THROUGH
GENERATION OF SINUSOIDALSIGNAL
FILTERING
PROGRAM:
close all;
clear all;
clc;
b-[1]:
a-[1,-1,0.9]:
n=[-20:120];
t-0:0.1:2*pi;
x=sin(t);
s=filter(b,a,x);
stem(t,s);
title('sinuso idalresponse');
xlabel('n');
ylabel('s(n));
RESULT:
sinusoidal response
1.5
05
(u) n
-0.5
2
EXPERIMENT NO: 8
IMPLEMENTATION OF DECIMATION PROCESS
PROGRAM:
%illustration of down sampling(decimation)
clear all;
N=50;
n=0:1:N-l;
X=sin(2*pi*n/20)+sin(2*pi*n/15):
M=2;
xl=x(1:M:N);
nl=1:1:N/M;
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(n,x);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x'):
tit le('input signal');
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(n]-l,xl);
xlabel('n"):
ylabel('xl);
title('Down sampled sequence');
RESULT:
AFipure 1
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input signal
40 50
15 25
10
n
Down sampled sequence
20
15
10
EXPERIMENT NO: 9
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERPOLATION PR0CESS
PROGRAM:
%illustration of up sampling(interpolation)
clear all;
N10:
n 0:l:N-1:
N=sin(2*pi"n/10)+sin(2*pi*n/5);
L-3:
NI-zeros(1.L*N)I
nl=1:1:L*N:
j-:LLN:
xI(-x:
subplot(2, 1, );
stem(n.x);
xlabel('n'):
ylabel('x';
tit le('input signal');
subplot(2, 1,2);
stem(nl,xl ):
xlabel('n'):
ylabel('x I):
title('up sample sequence'):
RESULT:
Figure 1
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Desktop Window Help
input signal
4 5 6
up sarnple sequence
ohooooooloeoooosoogeo
-14
10 16 20 25
EXPERIMENT NO: 10
ImplementationofVD
PROGRAM:
% Sampling Rate Converters
1lustration of
clf:clear all: Sampling Rate
cle: Alteration by a
Ratio of Two Integers
L=
M=input('Up-sampling
input factor =):
('Down-sampling factor
n=0:29; =):
X=
y= sin(2*pi*0.43*n) + sin(2*pi*0.31*n);
resample(x,L,M);
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(n,x(1:30)):
axis([0 29 -2.2 2.2]);
title(Input
Sequence');
xlabel(Time index n');
ylabel('Amplitude');
subplot(2,1,2);
m =0:(30*L/M)-1;
stem(m.y(1:30*L/M);
axis([0(30*L/M)-1 -2.2
2.21);
title('Output Sequence');
xlabel(Time index n');
ylabel('Amplitude');
INPUT:
Up-sampling factor =5
Down-sampling factor =2
RESULT:
Figure1
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Input
Sequence
D
Anplitude
5 10
16
20
Tirne index n
Output Sequence
Amplitude
10 20 40 50 60 70
Time index n
EXPERIMENT NO: 11
IMPULSE RESPONSE OF FIRST ORDERSYSTEM
PROGRAM:
clc;
close all:
clear all:
n=0:10:
%impulse response of first order
system
b-(2 0 0];
a-[1 -0.9 0];
y-dimpulse(b,a,length(n));
subplot(2, 1,1);
stem(n,y);
xlabel('n---);
ylabel('amplitude');
tit le('impulse
response of first order system');
RESULT:
impulse response of first order
2@ T system
1.5
05
1 2
7 8
n---> 10
EXPERIMENT NO: 12
IMPULSE RESPONSE OF SECOND ORDERSYSTEM
PROGRAM:
clc;
close all:
clear all;
n=0:10;
oimpulse response of second order system
b-[1 0 0];
a-[1 0.6 0.8]:;
yl=dimpulse(b,a,length(n);
subplot(2, 1,2);
stem(n,yl);
xlabel('n---);
ylabel('amplitude');
title('impulse response of second order system');
RESULT:
impulse response of second order system
1@
0.5
amplitude
-0.5
t
-1
2 3 4 5 6 7
1
8 10
n---->
