G9 - SCIENCE
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
LEARNING POINTS
Describe why Explain the path of
Label the key areas mammals have a blood flow through
of the heart double circulatory both sides of the
system heart
WHAT IS THE ROLE
OF THE HEART?
The heart is a pump and its role is to pump
blood around the body. The right side pumps
deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The left side
pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
The heart contains valves to prevent the
backflow of blood.
WHAT IS CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM?
a network of blood vessels (arteries, veins, and
capillaries) and the heart that transports blood
throughout the body. Its primary function is to
deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove
waste products like carbon dioxide.
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
also known as Hemolymph, it is the fluid
between the tissues.
CLOSED CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
blood is the circulating fluid and it is
confined in blood vessels.
OPEN CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
the circulating fluid is hemolymph or the
interstitial fluid. These fluids enter the
heart trough the what we called pores.
SINGLE CIRCULATION
commonly found in fish where their hearts
have two chambers.
SINGLE CIRCULATION
commonly found in fish where their hearts
have two chambers.
Two Chambers:
1. Sinus Venus and Atrium
2. Conus Arteriosus and Ventricle
SINGLE CIRCULATION
commonly found in fish where their hearts
have two chambers.
Two Chambers:
1. Sinus Venus and Atrium
2. Conus Arteriosus and Ventricle
Sinus Venosus
acts as pacemaker the origin of impulses
that initiate the heartbeat.
DOUBLE CIRCULATION
Commonly for active organisms which
have a four-chambered heart
DOUBLE CIRCULATION
Commonly for active organisms which
have a four-chambered heart
Four Chambers: (L.O.R.D)
1. Right Atrium
2. Left Atrium
3. Right Ventricle
4. Left Ventricle
DOUBLE CIRCULATION
Commonly for active organisms which
have a four-chambered heart
Four Chambers: (L.O.R.D)
1. Right Atrium
2. Left Atrium
3. Right Ventricle
4. Left Ventricle
Sinoatrial Node
which serve as a pacemaker for avian and
mammals
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
OF AMPHIBIANS
The left and right atria of amphibians
ensure that oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood do not mix. As a result, most of the
deoxygenated blood fro the right atrium is
diverted into the pulmocutaneous circuit
while, most of the oxygenated blood from
the left atrium is diverted into the
systemic circuit.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
OF REPTILES
Other groups of reptiles have incomplete
septum which partially divides the
ventricle to the left and right sectios.
Hence, lizards, snakes, and turtles have
three-chambered heart, whereas
crocodiles have four.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
OF BIRDS/MAMMALS
It has a four-chambered heart and has
a sinoatrial node which serves the
purpose of pacemaker.Avian ad
mammals are endotherms, also known
as warm blooded animals. Have to
maintain their internal body
temperature.
COMPONENTS
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
BLOOD
a vital fluid circulating throughout the body,
acting as a transportation system for oxygen,
nutrients, hormones, and waste products
BLOOD
a vital fluid circulating throughout the body,
acting as a transportation system for oxygen,
nutrients, hormones, and waste products
pH Level: 7.35 and 7.45 Slightly basic
BLOOD
a vital fluid circulating throughout the body,
acting as a transportation system for oxygen,
nutrients, hormones, and waste products
pH Level: 7.35 and 7.45 Slightly basic
8% of the total body weight
BLOOD
a vital fluid circulating throughout the body,
acting as a transportation system for oxygen,
nutrients, hormones, and waste products
pH Level: 7.35 and 7.45 Slightly basic
8% of the total body weight
Adult female: 4 to 5 liters
45 % - Cellular Components
45 % - Cellular Components
55 % - plasma
45 % - Cellular Components
55 % - plasma
Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells
45 % - Cellular Components
55 % - plasma
Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells
Leukocytes - White Blood Cells
45 % - Cellular Components
55 % - plasma
Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells
Leukocytes - White Blood Cells
Thrombocytes - Platelets
55 % - plasma
10% consist of protein , electrolytes,
Metabolic nutrients, Metabolic Waste,
Products, Hormones
90 % Water
45 % - Cellular Components
98-99 % Erythrocytes
1-2 % Leukocytes, Granulocytes,
Agranulocytes, Platelets
ERYTHROCYTES
the most common type of blood cell and
are responsible for carrying oxygen
throughout the body
ERYTHROCYTES
the most common type of blood cell and
are responsible for carrying oxygen
throughout the body
Hematocrit - the fraction of RBC in total
blood volume
ERYTHROCYTES
the most common type of blood cell and
are responsible for carrying oxygen
throughout the body
Hematocrit - the fraction of RBC in total
blood volume
5-6 Million of RBC in every microliter of
blood.
ERYTHROCYTES
the most common type of blood cell and
are responsible for carrying oxygen
throughout the body
Hematocrit - the fraction of RBC in total
blood volume
5-6 Million of RBC in every microliter of
blood.
Biconcave - shape of RBC like a
doughnut.
ERYTHROCYTES
the most common type of blood cell and
are responsible for carrying oxygen
throughout the body
Hematocrit - the fraction of RBC in total
blood volume
5-6 Million of RBC in every microliter of
blood.
Biconcave - shape of RBC like a
doughnut.
Hemoglobin - RBC’s do not have nucleus
LEUKOCYTES
also known as white blood cells, are a
crucial part of the body's immune system,
responsible for defending against
infection and disease.
found in interstitial fluid and lymphatic
system
LEUKOCYTES
also known as white blood cells, are a
crucial part of the body's immune system,
responsible for defending against
infection and disease.
found
foundinininterstitial
interstitialfluid
fluidand
andlymphatic
lymphatic
system
system
Five types : Monocytes, Eosinophil,
Basophi;, Lymphocytes, Neutrophil
LEUKOCYTES
also known as white blood cells, are a
crucial part of the body's immune system,
responsible for defending against
infection and disease.
found in interstitial fluid and lymphatic
system
Five types : Monocytes, Eosinophil,
Basophi;, Lymphocytes, Neutrophil
Size: they are larger compare to RBCs
MONOCYTES
3-8 % of WBCs which fight chronic
infections and belongs to the innate
immunity.
LYMPHOCYTE
20-25 % of WBCs which is
responsible for viral infection and
adaptive immunity.
NEUTROPHIL
60-70 % of WBCs which help in
fighting bacterial ad fungal
infections.
EOSINOPHIL
2-4 % of WBCs which assists in
regulating parasitic infection and
allergic reaction
BASOPHIL
0.5 to 1 % of WBCs which aids
allergic reaction.
THROMBOCYTES
from the word “thrombus” which means
“clot”. This etymology is helpful to
remember the role of platelets that aid in
blood clotting.
PLASMA
it is a liquid component of the blood. it
is mostly water but is also composed of
proteins and other solutes.
BLOOD VESSELS
circulate blood throughout your body.
They help deliver oxygen to vital organs
and tissues, and also remove waste
products.
BLOOD VESSELS
circulate blood throughout your body.
They help deliver oxygen to vital organs
and tissues, and also remove waste
products.
Three Types of Blood Vessels: Artery,
Vein, and Capillary
BLOOD VESSELS
circulate blood throughout your body.
They help deliver oxygen to vital organs
and tissues, and also remove waste
products.
Three Types of Blood Vessels: Artery,
Vein, and Capillary
Arteries: carry blood away from the heart
BLOOD VESSELS
circulate blood throughout your body.
They help deliver oxygen to vital organs
and tissues, and also remove waste
products.
Three Types of Blood Vessels: Artery,
Vein, and Capillary
Arteries: carry blood away from the heart
Veins: carry blood toward the heart
BLOOD VESSELS
circulate blood throughout your body.
They help deliver oxygen to vital organs
and tissues, and also remove waste
products.
Three Types of Blood Vessels: Artery,
Vein, and Capillary
Arteries: carry blood away from the heart
Veins: carry blood toward the heart
Capillaries: site of gas exchange
ENDOTHELIUM
a flattened epithelial cells which has a
smooth surface that plays a role inn
decreasing resistance to blood flow.
HEART
a vital muscular organ, about the size
of a fist, that pumps blood throughout
the body
HEART
a vital muscular organ, about the size
of a fist, that pumps blood throughout
the body
Chambers: Left atrium and Left ventricle,
Right atrium and Right ventricle
HEART
a vital muscular organ, about the size
of a fist, that pumps blood throughout
the body
Chambers: Left atrium and Left ventricle,
Right atrium and Right ventricle
Vessels: the biggest artery is Aorta while
the biggest veins are the Superior Vena
Cava and Inferior Vena Cava
HEART
a vital muscular organ, about the size
of a fist, that pumps blood throughout
the body
Chambers: Left atrium and Left ventricle,
Right atrium and Right ventricle
Vessels: the biggest artery is Aorta while
the biggest veins are the Superior Vena
Cava and Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary artery: contain deoxygenated
blood
Pulmonary Vein: only vein that carry
oxygenated blood.
Pulmonary Vein: only vein that carry
oxygenated blood.
Valves: to prevent backflow of blood.
Pulmonary Vein: only vein that carry
oxygenated blood.
Valves: to prevent backflow of blood.
Pulmonary Vein: only vein that carry
oxygenated blood.
Valves: to prevent backflow of blood.
Four Valves: Mitral valves, tricuspid
valves, pulmonary valves, and aortic
valves.
Pulmonary Vein: only vein that carry
oxygenated blood.
Valves: to prevent backflow of blood.
Four Valves: Mitral valves, tricuspid
valves, pulmonary valves, and aortic
valves.
Atrioventicular valves: The mitral and
tricuspid vales because they are located at
between the atrium and ventricle.
AILMENTS OF
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
AORTIC ANEURYSM
It is characterized by a rounded swelling
in any arterial wall but usually in the
aorta.
AORTIC ANEURYSM
It is characterized by a rounded swelling
in any arterial wall but usually in the
aorta.
Symptoms
has a mild symptoms or none at all. It is
usually undetected until the swelling burst
or blocks the blood flow.
AORTIC ANEURYSM
It is characterized by a rounded swelling
in any arterial wall but usually in the
aorta.
Symptoms
has a mild symptoms or none at all. It is
usually undetected until the swelling burst
or blocks the blood flow.
Treatment
prescription drugs can be taken to lessen
the swelling and pressure as well as surgery
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
fats, cholesterol, cellular debris, calcium,
and other substances build up in the wall
of an artery.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
fats, cholesterol, cellular debris, calcium,
and other substances build up in the wall
of an artery.
Symptoms
Carotid Artery - weakness, breathing
difficulty, headache, facial numbness, and
paralysis.
Coronary Artery - vomiting, anxiety, chest
pain, and coughing.
Renal Artery - loss of appetite, hand and
feet swelling, and difficulty in concentrating
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Treatment
a change in lifestyle: healthy eating
habits, regular exercise, different
medication, and surgery.
CONGENITAL HEART
DEFECTS
It can be defect in the walls of the heart,
heart valves, and blood vessels near the
heart
Symptoms
rapid breathing, cyanosis, fatigue, and
poor blood circulation.
CONGENITAL HEART
DEFECTS
It can be defect in the walls of the heart,
heart valves, and blood vessels near the
heart
Symptoms
rapid breathing, cyanosis, fatigue, and
poor blood circulation.
Treatment
intake of mediaction, catheter procedures,
surgical procedures, and heart transplant.
HYPERTENSION
also known as high blood pressure. The
force of blood against the arterial walls
can lead to health problems such as heart
disease.
HYPERTENSION
also known as high blood pressure. The
force of blood against the arterial walls
can lead to health problems such as heart
disease.
Symptoms
Usually asymptomatic. Some have headaches,
shortness of breath, or nose bleeds.
HYPERTENSION
also known as high blood pressure. The
force of blood against the arterial walls
can lead to health problems such as heart
disease.
Symptoms
Usually asymptomatic. Some have headaches,
shortness of breath, or nose bleeds.
Treatment
Healthy lifestyle is the key to preventing
hypertension.
HEMOPHILIA
it lacks in clotting protein. When injured,
they bleed longer than a normal person.
HEMOPHILIA
it lacks in clotting protein. When injured,
they bleed longer than a normal person.
Symptoms
excessive bleeding when injured, deep
bruises, blood in urine or stool, unusual
bleeding after vaccination.
HEMOPHILIA
it lacks in clotting protein. When injured,
they bleed longer than a normal person.
Symptoms
excessive bleeding when injured, deep
bruises, blood in urine or stool, unusual
bleeding after vaccination.
Treatment
It can be treated with prescription hormones,
clotting factor infusion in blood, or plasma
infusion.
CORONARY HEART
DISIEASE
characterized by a damaged vessel
supplying blood to the heart.
CORONARY HEART
DISIEASE
characterized by a damaged vessel
supplying blood to the heart.
Symptoms
chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and
heart attack.
CORONARY HEART
DISIEASE
characterized by a damaged vessel
supplying blood to the heart.
Symptoms
chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and
heart attack.
Treatment
Healthy lifestyle is the key to preventing
coronary heart disease.
PARTS OF THE HEART
Vena cava Pulmonary vein
Right atrium Left atrium
Right ventricle Left ventricle
Pulmonary artery Aorta
VALVES IN
THE HEART
Pulmonary valve Mitral valve
Aortic valve
Tricuspid valve
BLOOD FLOW
2 - THE RIGHT SIDE
Blood moves from the right atrium to the right
ventricle, passing through the tricuspid valve.
BLOOD FLOW
3 - THE RIGHT SIDE
Blood is pumped from the right ventricle and
into the pulmonary artery through the
pulmonary valve. The pulmonary artery then
carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
BLOOD FLOW
1 - THE LEFT SIDE
Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs via the
pulmonary vein, which pumps the blood into the
left atrium.
BLOOD FLOW
2 - THE LEFT SIDE
The blood leaves the left atrium and passes
through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.
BLOOD FLOW
3 - THE LEFT SIDE
The blood is pumped from the left ventricle,
through the aortic valve and into the aorta.
From the aorta, the blood is pumped around the
rest of the body.
WELL DONE
LABEL THE
HEART
