MAT 052 (BERNOULLI'S DE)

Differential Equations

MAT 052
Prepared by: EMT

Matthew 11:28
MAT 052 1
“Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest.”

Bernoulli’s Equation

Matthew 11:28
MAT 052 2
“Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest.”

To GOD be the glory 1

MAT 052 (BERNOULLI'S DE)

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, students should be

able to:
A. Determine whether the DE is a Bernoulli’s
Equation
B. Solve the DE using the process of
Bernoulli’s Equations.

Matthew 11:28
3
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

Bernoulli’s Equation

Definition: Bernoulli’s Equation are nonlinear

DE that can be transformed into linear ODE.
They have the form:
dy
+𝑃 𝑥 𝑦 =𝑄 𝑥 𝑦
dx
 where 𝑛 is a real number, 𝑛 ≠ 1 or 0.

Matthew 11:28
4
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

To GOD be the glory 2

MAT 052 (BERNOULLI'S DE)

Steps in solving Bernoulli’s DE

𝑴(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + 𝑵(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
1. 𝑦 +𝑃 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑄 𝑥 𝑦 1. 𝑥 +𝑅 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑆 𝑦 𝑥
- put the equation to - put the equation to
standard form of BDE standard form of BDE
∫ ∫
2. 𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒 2. 𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒
- find the integrating factor (𝐼𝐹) - find the integrating factor (𝐼𝐹)
3. 𝑦( ) 𝐼𝐹 = 1 − 𝑛 ∫ 𝐼𝐹 𝑄(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 3. 𝑥( ) 𝐼𝐹 = 1 − 𝑛 ∫ 𝐼𝐹 𝑆(𝑦) 𝑑𝑦

Note: If 𝑑𝑦 has less terms then choose 𝑦’

but if 𝑑𝑥 has less terms then choose 𝑥’.
Matthew 11:28
5
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

Bernoulli’s Equations:

dy
+𝑃 𝑥 𝑦 =𝑄 𝑥 𝑦
dx

 Solution:
) ( )∫ ( ) ∫ ( )
𝑦( 𝑒 = 1−𝑛 𝑄(𝑥)𝑒 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

Matthew 11:28
6
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

To GOD be the glory 3

MAT 052 (BERNOULLI'S DE)

Bernoulli’s Equations:

dx
+𝑅 𝑦 𝑥 =𝑆 𝑦 𝑥
d𝑦

 Solution:
) ( )∫ ( ) ∫ ( )
𝑥( 𝑒 = 1−𝑛 𝑆(𝑦)𝑒 𝑑𝑦 + 𝐶

Matthew 11:28
7
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

Solve the following DE:

a. 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0
b. 𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
c. 𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 𝑒
d. 𝑥 + 6𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0; 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1

Matthew 11:28
8
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

To GOD be the glory 4

MAT 052 (BERNOULLI'S DE)

Solve the DE 𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 𝑒 .

a. 𝑦 + 𝑃 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑄 𝑥 𝑦

𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 𝑒
𝑦 − 𝑦 = −𝑥𝑒 𝑦

𝑃 𝑥 = −1 𝑄 𝑥 = −𝑥𝑒 𝑛=3

Matthew 11:28
9
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

∫ ( )
b. 𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒 𝑃 𝑥 = −1

∫
𝑄 𝑥 = −𝑥𝑒
𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒
𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒 ( ) 𝑛=3
𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒
c. 𝑦 ( )
𝐼𝐹 = 1 − 𝑛 ∫ 𝐼𝐹 𝑄(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑦( )
𝑒 = 1−3 𝑒 −𝑥𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑒 = −2 −𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑦 𝑒 =2 +𝐶
2
𝑦 𝑒 =𝑥 +𝐶
𝑦 𝑒 =𝑥 +𝐶 𝑦 𝑒 =𝑦 𝑥 +𝐶
Matthew 11:28
10
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

To GOD be the glory 5

MAT 052 (BERNOULLI'S DE)

Solve the DE 𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

.
a. 𝑥 + 𝑅 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑆 𝑦 𝑥
𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ =0 3
𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑦 𝑅 𝑦 =
𝑦
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 − 𝑦
+ =0 𝑆 𝑦 =𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 𝑦
+ − =0 𝑛 = −3
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 3
+ 𝑥−𝑦 𝑥 =0
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 3
+ 𝑥=𝑦 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
Matthew 11:28
11
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

∫ ( ) 3
b. 𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒 𝑅 𝑦 =
𝑦

𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒
∫ 𝑆 𝑦 =𝑦

=𝑒 ( ) 𝑛 = −3

=𝑒

=𝑒

𝐼𝐹 = 𝑦

Matthew 11:28
12
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

To GOD be the glory 6

MAT 052 (BERNOULLI'S DE)

c. 𝑥 ( )
𝐼𝐹 = 1 − 𝑛 ∫ 𝐼𝐹 𝑆(𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑆 𝑦 =𝑦
𝐼𝐹 = 𝑦
𝑥 𝑦 = 1 − −3 𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑛 = −3
𝑥 𝑦 =4 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦
𝑥 𝑦 =4 +𝐶
15
𝑦
𝑥 𝑦 =4 +𝐶 15
15
15𝑥 𝑦 = 4𝑦 +𝐶
15𝑥 𝑦 − 4𝑦 =𝐶
𝑦 15𝑥 − 4𝑦 =𝐶

Matthew 11:28
13
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

Solve the DE 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0.

a. 𝑦 + 𝑃 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑄 𝑥 𝑦

𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 𝑑𝑦
+ =0
3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑃 𝑥 =−
+ =0 3𝑥
3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 𝑄 𝑥 =−
+ − =0 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2 1 𝑛=4
− 𝑦=− 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥

Matthew 11:28
14
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

To GOD be the glory 7

MAT 052 (BERNOULLI'S DE)

∫ ( ) 2
b. 𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒 𝑃 𝑥 =−
3𝑥
∫
1
𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒 𝑄 𝑥 =−
3𝑥
( )
=𝑒 𝑛=4
=𝑒

=𝑒

𝐼𝐹 = 𝑥

Matthew 11:28
15
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

c. 𝑦 ( )
𝐼𝐹 = 1 − 𝑛 ∫ 𝐼𝐹 𝑄(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝐼𝐹 = 𝑥
1 1
𝑦( )
𝑥 = 1−4 𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 𝑄 𝑥 =−
3𝑥 3𝑥
1 𝑛=4
𝑦 𝑥 = −3 − 𝑑𝑥
3
𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑥 =𝑥+𝑐
𝑦 𝑥 =𝑥+𝐶 𝑦
𝑥 = 𝑦 𝑥+𝐶

Matthew 11:28
16
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

To GOD be the glory 8

MAT 052 (BERNOULLI'S DE)

Solve the DE 𝑥 + 6𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0;

when 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1
a.. 𝑦 + 𝑃 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑄 𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 + 6𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 + 6𝑦 𝑑𝑥 4𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦
− =0
−4𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 −4𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥
3
𝑥 + 6𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑃 𝑥 =−
+ =0 2𝑥
−4𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 6𝑦 𝑥
+ + =0 𝑄 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 −4𝑥𝑦 −4𝑥𝑦 4
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 3 𝑛 = −1
− 𝑦 − 𝑦=0
𝑑𝑥 4 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3 𝑥
− 𝑦= 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 4
Matthew 11:28
17
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

∫ ( ) 3
b. 𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒 𝑃 𝑥 =−
2𝑥
𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑥
𝑄 𝑥 =
4
( )
=𝑒 𝑛 = −1
=𝑒

=𝑒

𝐼𝐹 = 𝑥

Matthew 11:28
18
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

To GOD be the glory 9

MAT 052 (BERNOULLI'S DE)

c. 𝑦 ( )
𝐼𝐹 = 1 − 𝑛 ∫ 𝐼𝐹 𝑄(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝐼𝐹 = 𝑥
𝑥
𝑥 𝑄 𝑥 =
𝑦 𝑥 = 1 − −1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 4
𝑥 4 𝑛 = −1
𝑦 𝑥 =2 𝑑𝑥
4
1
𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
1 𝑥
𝑦 𝑥 = +𝑐
2 −1
𝑥
𝑦 𝑥 =− + 𝑐 2𝑥
2
when 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1 2𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 2𝑦 = −𝑥 + 3𝑥
2(1) = − 1 +𝐶 1 2𝑦 = 𝑥 3𝑥 − 1
2 = −1 + 𝐶
Matthew 11:28 3=𝐶
19
“Come to me, all you who are weary andMAT 052
burdened, and I will give you rest.”

To GOD be the glory 10